高校化学实验室易制毒化学品管理工作探索

高校化学实验室是集教学、科研以及培养专业人才为一体的实验场所,实行开放式管理,具有使用频率高、人员集中且流动性大等特点。易制毒化学品是化学实验室常用的药品,其安全管理具有一定的挑战性。针对当前高校易制毒化学品管理工作中存在的若干普遍性问题,本文从内部健全科学、有效、简洁的易制毒化学品管理制度,设立易制毒化学品库房,实行专人专管,采取随领随取的发放模式,同时为每位教师建立易制毒化学品资金账簿并有专人定期巡视检查等多项举措,对易制毒化学品使用的全过程进行有效监管。既方便、满足了教学与科研合理使用的需求,同时又防范杜绝了违规使用的出现。     

Internet上化学图片资源的获取

以化学学科为突破口,就优秀网站整理、搜索引擎使用等方面谈谈如何从Internet上获得图片素材资源并在化学教学中有效利用。     

利用搜索引擎高效获取化学教学资源的方法

互联网资源的丰富多彩给化学教学带来了很大的便利,如何高效地利用互联网信息资源成为广大化学教师关注的问题。本文简述了搜索引擎的基本原理与类型,探讨了通过搜索引擎高效获取化学教学资源的一些技巧和策略,列出了一些常用的搜索引擎。     

Internet化学资源搜索引擎Chemie.De简介

Internet已经发展成为最大的信息载体和传输工具 ,学会有效地利用网上资源是教育信息化的基本要求。本文比较系统地介绍了Internet化学资源搜索引擎Chemie .De的一般特点和所提供的主要服务 ,以期对化学教育工作者有所帮助。     

电催化4-喹诺酮和二烃基二硒醚的交叉脱氢偶联反应

发展环境污染少的可持续绿色合成反应是绿色化学的主要目标之一.均相反应是制备高附加值化学品的重要方法,但是该类反应普遍存在催化剂和有机溶剂不易回收利用、产品分离纯化成本高、污染重的问题.发展兼具催化剂和溶剂易循环使用及产品易分离纯化的高附加值化学品的绿色制备方法具有重要的研究意义.4-喹诺酮是一类重要的氮杂环化合物,广泛...     

精细化学品化学课程素材库的构建与应用

针对学生对精细化学品化学课程学习兴趣不足以及应用意识和能力欠缺的问题,提出了构建和合理运用精细化学品化学课程素材库的解决方法,分别介绍了精细化学品史料素材库、多媒体素材库、实例试题库建立的意义及方法.     

充满希望的新世纪——21世纪化学学科发展的一些看法

20世纪是科学突飞猛进的时代 ,作为自然科学基础学科之一的化学也经历了使人眼花缭乱的 10 0年。基于化学过程的物质生产更是有了飞跃性的发展 ,从而深刻地影响了我们这个地球村的方方面面。今天的高度物质文明离不开化学 ,即使说“化学创造了美好生活”也并不怎么过分。然而 ,当化学家自豪地回顾这百年辉煌之际 ,社会上出现了对化学品的恐惧 ,国内外选择化学作为自己事业的年轻人越来越少 ;一些其他领域的科学家认为化学科学已经发展得十分成熟了 ;而另一些其他领域的科学家则认为化学正在被肢解 ,化学作为一门独立的学科正在消亡。当然 ,…     

化学教育专业学生对化学科学知识学习特点认识的调查研究

调查显示, 不少师范生对信息加工理论不熟悉, 对化学知识的基础是语言知识、约定、规则和实验缺少认识, 不懂得为什么化学是自然科学中使用模糊语言最多的学科, 对不同类型化学知识学习的特点认识不足。化学教育专业教师, 在教学中要以学生已有知识经验为基础, 引导学生认识化学学科特点, 渗透针对化学科学知识学习特点的学习策略教育, 把传统教学方式与现代教育技术有效整合。提高师范生灵活地、科学地采用学习策略的能力。     

塑造亲和的化学形象——简论化学的公众形象及其对化学教育的启示

随着工业对化学品需求的扩大和化学研究的发展,不断有化学事件被曝光。无论在中国还是在世界,化学的公众形象都不容乐观。化学教育在化学形象形成过程中起着重要作用。化学教育应该塑造亲和的化学形象,体现化学的趣味性、实用性、创造性和人文性。通过科学本质教育、人文教育、研究性学习等手段可以提升化学教学内涵,帮助学生树立正确的化学形象。     

Internet推动的化学信息学重要进展*

Internet的普及为专业人员获取数据信息、利用计算工具提供了统一的平台,由此为化学信息学的发展带来了新的空间,推动了化学信息学以网络为基础,以化学相关的数据、信息及计算资源共享为目标的快速发展。本文将从不同侧面回顾近10年来化学信息学的重要进展, 包括：(1) 网络化学信息检索：索引对象从化学浅层网向化学深层网发展;检索工具从Web化学信息资源导航向化学专业搜索引擎(包括文本信息和化合物标识信息)、及化学深层网检索引擎 (化合物物性数据提取)发展;索引粒度从Web站点向页面、乃至页面中的特定内容发展,一般页面特定内容的数据提取(即非结构化数据提取)是未来发展的方向。(2)可共享的化学数据库：从可免费访问和使用的化学数据库向数据库内容通过集成多来源数据(包括数据库拥有者主动收集、多来源数据主动提交达到共享的方式,repository)实现数据库内容免费下载和共享,以及不同数据库之间的相关内容实现无缝连接的方向发展(如NIH建成的药物小分子共享数据库PubChem)。(3) 开源(open source)化学软件工具包：从化学结构基本处理模块如CDK、JOELib向集成开发环境如化学信息学与生物信息学集成环境Bioclipse发展。(4) 与化合物及其数据共享相关的推荐标准：包括用于共享数据交换的化学标记语言CML、IUPAC推荐的学术论文相关热力学实验数据提交标准ThermoML及化合物结构唯一描述码InChI。(5) 计算化学资源共享及基于网格的应用：从可执行程序的下载向在线计算、基于网格的应用发展。(6) eChemistry和虚拟研究环境：网络也成为化学相关日常的科学活动中不可缺少的平台。构建以网络为平台、支持开展科研活动的数字化基础设施和服务的eChemstry探索开始出现,根据需要自主集成多来源数据和计算资源,形成不同层次的支持协同工作的虚拟研究环境是未来数据和计算资源共享方式的发展方向。     

基于大类招生培养模式的化学人才培养方案和课程体系设计

大类招生培养是以学生为本的培养模式的改革。在此背景下我校化学学科制订了以满足学生多样化需求为导向的人才培养方案,构建了一个包括公共基础课、通识课、学科通修课、多层次的实践类课程、模块化的专业方向性课程以及突显学科优势的选修课在内的课程体系,并完善了配套的保障机制。     

以标准为风向标的化学与生活课程教学设计

公共选修课是高等教育课程体系的重要组成部分,在大学生综合素质的教育和培养方面发挥着重要作用。化学与生活是面对非化学专业开设的一门公共选修课程,其主要内容包括与衣、食、住、行等相关的化学知识。本文将国家标准应用于化学与生活课程的教学设计中,以标准为载体设计教学情境,引导学生了解国家标准中的相关规定,掌握使用标准文件分析问题的方法。促使学生客观地认识化学学科,了解化学学科在生活中的作用,规避化学产生的危害,培养学生的科学素养,使学生学会利用化学知识改善自己的生活,提高生活质量。     

基于化学的“化学测量学与技术”新工科专业建设建议

The background of the establishment of "chemistry metrology and technology" as an emerging engineering education major based on chemistry is analyzed. Based on the national development strategy, aiming at the urgent demand of interdisciplinary talents for the rapid development of chemistry metrology and technology, the necessity of setting up the major of "chemistry metrology and technology" based on chemistry is demonstrated. Based on the investigation of professional talents in instrument development enterprises and application fields, some suggestions on the program of "chemistry metrology and technology" major including orientation, objectives, graduation requirements and professional training are provided. Some requirements of the curriculum, teaching staff and teaching conditions are put forward.     

Biocompatible α-Methylenation of Metabolic Butyraldehyde in Living Bacteria

Small molecule organocatalysts are abundant in all living organisms. However, their use as organocatalysts in cells has been underexplored. Herein, we report that organocatalytic aldol chemistry can be interfaced with living Escherichia coli to enable the α-methylenation of cellular aldehydes using biogenic amines such as L-Pro or phosphate. The biocompatible reaction is mild and can be interfaced with butyraldehyde generated from D-glucose via engineered metabolism to enable the production of 2-methylenebutanal (2-MB) and 2-methylbutanal (2-MBA) by anaerobic fermentation, and 2-methylbutanol (2-MBO) by whole-cell catalysis. Overall, this study demonstrates the combination of non-enzymatic organocatalytic and metabolic reactions in vivo for the sustainable synthesis of valuable non-natural chemicals that cannot be accessed using enzymatic chemistry alone.     

大学化学类专业英语听说课程教学的实践与改进

The ability to communicate effectively using professional English in scientific activities is very important. However, effective methods to teach college students professional English in chemistry are still needed. Herein, we demonstrate several practices on how to combine the "audiolingual method" and "task-based method" for training college students with the basic ability to listen to and speak professional English in chemistry.     

Transition Metal Catalysis in Living Cells: Progress,Challenges, and Novel Supramolecular Solutions

The importance of transition metal catalysis is exemplified by its wide range of applications, for example in the synthesis of chemicals, natural products, and pharmaceuticals. However, one relatively new application is for carrying out new-to-nature reactions inside living cells. The complex environment of a living cell is not welcoming to transition metal catalysts, as a diverse range of biological components have the potential to inhibit or deactivate the catalyst. Here we review the current progress in the field of transition metal catalysis, and evaluation of catalysis efficiency in living cells and under biological (relevant) conditions. Catalyst poisoning is a ubiquitous problem in this field, and we propose that future research into the development of physical and kinetic protection strategies may provide a route to improve the reactivity of catalysts in cells.     

From Environmental Analytical Chemistry to Ecotoxicology—A Plea for More Concepts and Less Monitoring and Testing

The development of cultural and technical civilization has been marked with increasing interference in hydrogeochemical cycles and the production of a growing number of chemicals; this is accompanied by a growing concern on the potential adverse effects of chemicals on biological systems. Assessment of the potential toxicological and ecological effects of pollutants is of central importance. We are of the opinion that this cannot be accomplished by merely evaluating the harmfulness of a substance on the basis of toxicity tests with individual organisms and by monitoring analytically the environment for pollutants. We would like to encourage chemists to participate in the solution of ecotoxicological problems: chemodynamical concepts permit the estimation-on the basis of physical-chemical generalizations and with the help of compound-specific data-of the fate, the distribution, the potential for bioaccumulation in the food chain, and the approximate residence time of pollutants (and thus the attainable residual concentrations) in the environment and therefore to predict the relative risk of different pollutants.     

An Iron-Catalyzed Protein Desulfurization Method Reminiscent of Aquatic Chemistry

One pillar of protein chemical synthesis based on the application of ligation chemistries to cysteine is the group of reactions enabling the selective desulfurization of cysteine residues into alanines. Modern desulfurization reactions use a phosphine as a sink for sulfur under activation conditions involving the generation of sulfur-centered radicals. Here we show that cysteine desulfurization by a phosphine can be effected efficiently by micromolar concentrations of iron under aerobic conditions in hydrogen carbonate buffer, that is using conditions that are reminiscent of iron-catalyzed oxidation phenomena occurring in natural waters. Therefore, our work shows that chemical processes taking place in aquatic systems can be adapted to a chemical reactor for triggering a complex chemoselective transformation at the protein level, while minimizing the resort to harmful chemicals.     

Mechanical degradation of filter polymer materials: Polyphenylene sulfide

Polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) is known as a material resistant to high temperature and chemicals; however, there are arguments on the durability of PPS non-woven fabrics to chemicals, such as nitric acid (HNO₃), sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄), and hydrochloric acid (HCl). Therefore, this work aims at investigating the degradation of PPS non-woven fabrics in HNO₃, H₂SO₄ and HCl, and at confirming acid durability of PPS non-woven fabrics. In addition, this paper also studies the interaction among these three acids by measuring the retention of strength in binary or tertiary mixtures of these three acids. A discussion has been made on the acceleration/retardation of PPS degradation by the interactive effects, and also on the chemistry related to the degradation by these acids. Furthermore, there is a linear relationship between the nitric acid concentration and the proportion of carbon in the remaining PPS structures after 100 h of acid exposure. Also, this proportion of carbon is a good indicator of the retained strength in PPS fabrics.