Theoretical study of the thermal interconversion mechanism between the norbornadiene and quadricyclane radical cations

Geometry optimizations at the UHF/6-31G^* and UMP2/6-31G^* levels of theory were performed to find the transition state in the interconversion between norbornadiene (N) and quadricyclane (Q) radical cations. Two transition structures, TS^+·₁ and TS^+·₂, were obtained which have C₁ and C₂ symmetry, respectively. Vibrational analysis at the UHF and UMP2 levels of theory and IRC calculation showed that TS^+·₁ is the true transition state connecting N^+· and Q^+·, while TS^+·₂ is a second order saddle point.     

纳米结构TiO2/PS及TiO2空心球的自组装与表征

以TiCl₄的盐酸溶液配制的TiO₂溶胶为前驱体, 以聚苯乙烯微球为载体, 在表面活性剂存在下, 通过逐层自组装技术制备了纳米结构TiO₂/PS及TiO₂空心球. 利用XRD, SEM, TG-DTA等对复合颗粒进行了表征. 研究表明: 纳米结构TiO₂/PS的组成、结构、形貌和粒度可通过溶胶酸度、组装时水解反应温度、煅烧温度、硫酸根的加入量来控制.     

共沉淀法掺杂SiO_2对V_2O_5-WO_3/TiO_2催化剂SCR性能的影响

通过共沉淀法将SiO_2组分掺入到V2O5-WO3/SiO_2-TiO_2催化剂TiO_2载体中,并通过多种物理化学手段,考察了不同SiO_2掺杂量对催化剂结构、表面性质与SCR性能的影响.结果表明,SiO_2掺入到TiO_2中,Si与Ti形成Si—O—Ti键,使催化剂比表面积增加.Si—O—Ti键的生成以及Si Ox物种上的-OH基团使催化剂表面Br?nsted酸增加,但新增的Br?nsted酸对SCR反应不利,并且SiO_2的掺杂也使得V~(5+)含量降低,Si—O—V键合作用使分散的VOx物种更难还原.Si组分以共沉淀法掺入到V_2O_5-WO_3/TiO_2催化剂会造成脱硝活性的显著下降.     

磁性TiO2/CoFe2O4纳米复合光催化材料的制备

以磁性CoFe2O4为核,采用改进的溶胶-凝胶法,制备了磁性TiO2/CoFe2O4纳米复合光催化材料.利用VSM(振动样品磁强计)技术对其磁性能进行了研究,结果表明:由该法所得的TiO2/CoFe2O4纳米复合光催化材料的饱和磁化强度虽稍弱于纯CoFe2O4纳米材料,但其矫顽力则优于CoFe2O4.TEM、XRD、UV-Vis等的结果表明,该纳米复合材料中的TiO2为锐钛矿结构;与TiO2相比,纳米复合材料对光的吸收拓展到了整个紫外-可见区,且吸收强度大大增强.对染料废水光催化降解的模拟研究表明,该复合材料在紫外光下,6 h可以使亚甲基蓝染料溶液的脱色率达95%,且重复使用3次时染料溶液的脱色率仍能保持在90%,明显优于纯TiO2.     

TiO2负载的高分散Cd团簇催化剂高效催化CO2加氢制甲醇

近年来,利用可再生能源分解水制氢进而开展二氧化碳资源化利用的研究引起了学术界和工业界的极大兴趣.科学层面上它暗合了自然光合作用的理念;应用层面上它把二氧化碳变废为宝,既可以得到人类必需的含碳化学品,又可以实现碳中和.甲醇被认为是二氧化碳资源化的最佳选择,可在动力、交通、化工等领域替代煤炭等传统化石能源,也是良好的载氢分...     

CeO2/TiO2光催化剂的制备及其可见光脱氮性能

采用溶胶-凝胶和浸渍掺杂两步法合成了CeO₂/TiO₂光催化剂,并对催化剂的理化结构进行表征分析;以吡啶-正辛烷体系为模拟油品氮源,研究了该催化剂在可见光作用下的光催化脱氮行为,并探究了光催化脱氮的最佳反应条件。 结果表明,掺杂的铈主要以CeO₂的形式存在,且增强了催化剂在可见光区的吸收;在可见光辐照150 min的条件下,铈的掺杂量质量分数为8%,所制备的CeO₂/TiO₂催化剂投入量为1.0 g/L时,模拟油品中吡啶的脱氮率高达76.45%。     

TiO2-SiO2复合气凝胶：常压干燥制备及性能表征

以廉价的四氯化钛和工业水玻璃为原料,通过溶胶-凝胶法制得TiO2-SiO2复合湿凝胶,用三甲基氯硅烷(TMCS)/乙醇(EtOH)/正己烷(Hexane)混合溶液对湿凝胶进行改性,常压干燥制备了TiO2-SiO2复合气凝胶.利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、红外光谱(FTIR)、X射线衍射(XRD)及N2吸附/脱附法对复合气凝胶的形貌和性质进行了分析.结果表明,TiO2-SiO2复合气凝胶具有连续多孔结构,150℃干燥后复合气凝胶的比表面积为1 076 m2·g-1,孔体积为4.96 cm3·g-1;经550 ℃热处理后,复合气凝胶仍然具有高的孔隙率,比表面积为856 m2·g-1,孔体积为3.46 cm3·g-1.吸附和光催化降解罗丹明B的结果表明,复合气凝胶同时具有较好的吸附和光催化性能,其吸附/光催化协同作用活性优于纯SiO2气凝胶和锐钛矿TiO2粉末;且重复利用四次降解率仍然可达到89%.     

分等级球状TiO2纳米结构的合成、表征和光催化活性

以TiCl3作为钛源,添加聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)和尿素,采用水热方法合成了分等级球状TiO2纳米结构。利用场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)、X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、Raman光谱、氮气吸附-脱附分析和紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-VisDRS)对产物的形貌、晶相组成、孔结构和紫外-可见光谱性质进行了表征。结果表明,制备的直径为400～600nm的球状TiO2纳米结构由粒径为20～40nm的纳米粒子组装而成。PAM和尿素对分等级球状TiO2纳米结构的形貌和晶相组成有着重要影响。对紫外光照射下分等级球状TiO2纳米结构在甲基橙降解中的光催化活性也进行了研究。     

TiO_2-Al_2O_3复合载体的制备及Co-Mo/TiO_2-Al_2O_3催化剂加氢脱硫性能的研究

通过改进的溶胶-凝胶法(SG)、共沉淀法(CP)、表面沉淀法(PR)及混捏法(ME)制备TiO_2-Al_2O_3复合载体,考察了不同制备方法对复合载体物理性质的影响。采用浸渍法制备Co-Mo/TiO_2-Al_2O_3-X加氢脱硫催化剂,研究了Co-Mo/TiO_2-Al_2O_3-X加氢脱硫催化剂的脱硫性能。利用XRD、BET、SEM等表征手段对复合载体及催化剂进行表征分析。结果表明,SG法制备的复合载体粒径均一,具有较大的比表面积、孔径和孔体积;CP法制备复合载体时TiO_2以单层或亚单层的分散状态高度分散于γ-Al_2O_3中。在氢气压力3.0 MPa、反应温度280℃、反应时间4 h、液时空速1.4 h-1和氢油比600的条件下,SG法制备的Co-Mo/TiO_2-Al_2O_3催化剂具有较高加氢脱硫活性,噻吩转化率达到96.6%。     

NiFe2O4与TiO2稳定的多重Pickering乳液的制备

由沉淀法和溶胶-凝胶法分别制备了Ni Fe_2O_4和Ti O_2,并用XRD和SEM对两种粒子进行了表征,结果表明成功制备了粒径大小较为均匀的目标产物。用CTAB对Ni Fe_2O_4进行了改性,并由IR和Zeta电位测试予以确认。以改性Ni Fe_2O_4和Ti O_2作为稳定粒子,由两步法制备了W/O/W型多重Pickering乳液,采用数码照片和光学显微照片观察所制备的乳液的宏观与微观形貌。研究表明,制备的单重Pickering乳液粒径较为均匀,多重Pickering乳液粒径范围稍宽,但两者稳定性能都非常良好。     

Photocatalytic N2 Fixation by Plasmonic Mo-Doped TiO2 Semiconductor

Photocatalytic N₂ fixation has attracted substantial attention in recent years, as it represents a green and sustainable development route toward efficiently converting N₂ to NH₃ for industrial applications. How to rationally design catalysts in this regard remains a challenge. Here we propose a strategy that uses plasmonic hot electrons in the highly doped TiO₂ to activate the inert N₂ molecules. The synthesized semiconductor catalyst Mo-doped TiO₂ shows a NH₃ production efficiency as high as 134 μmol·g^-1·h^-1 under ambient conditions, which is comparable to that achieved by the conventional plasmonic gold metal. By means of ultrafast spectroscopy we reveal that the plasmonic hot electrons in the system are responsible for the activation of N₂ molecules, enabling improvement the catalytic activity of TiO₂. This work opens a new avenue toward semiconductor plasmon-based photocatalytic N₂ fixation.     

Photocatalytic Activity of N-doped TiO2 Photocatalysts Prepared from the Molecular Precursor (NH4)2TiO(C2O4)2

We developed a novel approach for the preparation of N-doped TiO₂ photocatalysts by calcining ammonium titanium oxalate at different temperatures. The structures of N-TiO₂ were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, N₂ adsorption-desorption isotherms, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, diffuse reflectance UV-Vis spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscope. The N-doped TiO₂ photocatalysts calcined below 700 oC are the pure anatase phase but that calcined at 700 oC is a mixture of anatase and rutile phases. The doped N locates at the interstitial site of TiO₂ which leads to the narrowing of bad gap of pure anatase N-TiO₂. Among all photocatalysts, N-TiO₂ photocatalysts calcined at 600 and 400 oC exhibit the best performance in the photodegradation of methyl orange under the UV light and all-wavelength light illuminations, respectively; however, because of the perfect crystallinity and the existence of anatase-rutile phase junctions, N-TiO₂ photocatalyst calcined at 700 oC exhibits the highest specific photodegradation rate, i.e., the highest quantum yield, under both the UV light and all-wavelength light illuminations.     

TiO2表面羟基及其性质

TiO₂材料表面含有丰富的羟基基团，研究表面羟基的分布和性质对理解TiO₂的吸附和光催化作用本质有非常重要的意义。本文简要总结了国内外近年来关于TiO₂表明羧基的研究进展，如不同晶相结构TiO₂的表面羟基状态及不同晶面上羧基的种类、表面吸附水对羟基分布的影响、表面羟基的光电化学性质以及其在光催化反应中的作用等。最后对TiO₂表面羧基研究中存在的问题进行了分析。     

载体焙烧温度对RuO_2/TiO_2催化HCl氧化性能的影响

以不同温度焙烧TiO(OH)_2得到的TiO_2为载体,采用湿法浸渍法制备RuO_2/TiO_2-C(C=450、550、650及750℃)催化剂,利用XRD、N_2吸附-脱附、TEM和H_2-TPR等表征手段研究催化剂的物理化学性质,并对其在HCl氧化反应中的催化性能进行考察.结果表明:载体焙烧温度对催化剂的结构与活性有显著影响.随着载体焙烧温度(≤650℃)的升高,RuO_2与TiO_2之间的晶面匹配度逐渐变高,促进了RuO_2在TiO_2表面的分散,其中RuO_2/TiO_2-650催化剂表现出最优的催化性能.而当载体焙烧温度过高时,RuO_2/TiO_2-750催化剂的反应活性大大下降,可能是由于过高的焙烧温度导致载体出现严重的烧结团聚现象,以及RuO_2与TiO_2之间过强的相互作用,阻碍了HCl氧化反应的进行.此外,减小RuO_2的粒径可以促进HCl氧化活性的提升.动力学结果显示,催化剂表面的HCl氧化反应主要受O_2分压的影响,表明O_2从催化剂表面的解离吸附为决速步骤.     

Kinetics of the TiO2 films growth at the hydrothermal hydrolysis of TiOSO4

Thin TiO₂ films were produced on different supports (quartz, silicon, plexiglas plates, stainless steel mesh) by controlled hydrolysis of TiOSO₄ at 80°C. The influence of TiOSO₄ concentration in the range of 0.003-0.04 M and concentration of H₂SO₄ in the range of 0.002-0.04 M on the kinetics of the TiO₂ film growth was investigated. It was found that typical kinetics of TiO₂ film growth follows the sigma type and the delay time τ_ind depends on the reagent concentrations. The existence of induction period could result from the process of nucleation of hydrated titanium oxide molecules with formation of heterogeneous colloidal metatitanic acid TiO₂·xH₂O. Analysis of the kinetics was performed including the autocatalytic stage of colloidal metatitanic acid formation. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

SiO2改性的V2O5-MoO3/ TiO2催化剂抗碱中毒性能研究

以陶瓷为骨架,用溶胶凝胶法和浸渍法制备了V₂O₅-MoO₃/ TiO₂催化剂,并用SiO₂进行改性。采用浸渍法模拟碱K中毒,研究了SiO₂改性前后催化剂中毒脱硝效率的变化,并通过BET、H₂-TPR、NH₃-TPD等技术手段对催化剂进行了表征。结果表明,加入SiO₂后,催化剂的比表面积明显提高。SiO₂改性后新鲜催化剂还原温度向低温方向迁移10 ℃左右,氧化还原能力得到了提高,其表面酸强度和酸量也得到较大的提高。反应评价结果表明,SiO₂改性可以提高催化剂抗碱中毒的性能。     

TiO_2纳米阵列光阳极光电催化水分解研究进展

光电催化水分解制氢是目前解决能源危机与环境污染最理想的技术之一.设计和构筑高效的光阳极是实现光电催化技术实际应用的关键.在众多半导体光阳极材料中,TiO_2纳米阵列由于其快的电荷传输速率,高的光热稳定性,无毒和成本低等优点,已经被广泛用于光电催化水分解反应的研究.但是TiO_2本征的光吸收范围窄、光生电荷复合率高、表面水氧化动力学缓慢严重地制约了其太阳能-氢能转换效率.我们结合近年来国内外及本课题组的研究工作详细论述了TiO_2纳米阵列的改性策略,主要包括利用元素掺杂来拓展TiO_2的光吸收范围并提高导电性,构筑异质结促进光电极电荷的分离与转移,半导体敏化增加光电极的可见光吸收并促进电荷转移,表面处理用于增加表面水氧化反应速率.最后指出了该材料发展现状,并对其发展前景做出展望.我们为进一步提高TiO_2纳米阵列的光电催化水分解活性提供了理论指导和实践借鉴.     

TiO2对Ni/Al2O3催化剂CO甲烷化性能的影响

采用溶胶凝胶法制备了一系列不同TiO₂含量的TiO₂-Al₂O₃复合载体,并通过浸渍法制备了NiO/TiO₂-Al₂O₃催化剂。分别考察了不同TiO₂含量的NiO/TiO₂-Al₂O₃催化剂及反应温度对CO甲烷化催化性能的影响。实验结果表明,当复合载体中TiO₂质量分数为30%,反应温度为350～450 ℃时,催化剂催化活性较高。利用N₂吸附-脱附(BET)、X射线衍射(XRD)及H₂程序升温还原(H₂-TPR)等手段对催化剂物化性能进行了表征。结果表明,加入适量的TiO₂能抑制镍铝尖晶石NiAl₂O₄物种的生成,改善NiO的表面分散性能,避免大晶粒NiO的形成,也改善了催化剂的还原性能,从而提高催化剂的CO甲烷化活性。     

Photo-depositing Ru and RuO2 on Anatase TiO2 Nanosheets as Co-catalysts for Photocatalytic O2 Evolution from Water Oxidation

TiO₂ nanosheets mainly exposed (001) facet were prepared through a hydrothermal process with HF as the morphology-directing agent. Ru and RuO₂ species were loaded by photo-deposition methods to prepare the photocatalysts. The structural features of the catalysts were characterized by X-ray di raction, transmission electron microscopy, inductively cou-pled plasma atomic emission spectrum, and H₂ Temperature-programmed reduction. The photocatalytic property was studied by the O₂ evolution from water oxidation, which was examined with respect to the in uences of Ru contents as well as the oxidation and reduction treatments, suggesting the charge separation effect of the Ru species co-catalysts on di erent facets of TiO₂ nanosheets. In contrast to Ru/TiO₂ and RuO₂/TiO₂ with the single deposited co-catalyst, the optimized catalyst 0.5%Ru-1.0%RuO₂/TiO₂ with dual co-catalysts achieved a much improved catalytic performance, in terms of the synergetic effect of dual co-catalysts and the enhanced charge separation effect.