聚合酶链反应产物的HPLC定量分析

建立了ＨＰＬＣ分析聚合酶链反应（ＰＣＲ）产物的方法,探讨了梯度、流速、柱温等条件对相对分子质量参照物λ－ＤＮＡ－ＨｉｎｄⅢ分离的影响,ＮａＣｌ以４０～５０ｍｍｏｌ／ｍｉｎ的梯度变化,流速为１ｍＬ／ｍｉｎ时分离效果最佳。该法精密度和回收率高、线性良好,可用于ＰＣＲ扩增条件优化时的相对定量分析。     

数字PCR测定DNA含量及测量结果不确定度评定

数字PCR是一项不依赖校准物的DNA绝对定量技术,将含有DNA模板的反应溶液分配到大量独立的微室中并且进行扩增反应,通过统计反应室中的阳性信号来定量DNA的拷贝数。采用数字PCR技术对噬菌体λDNA的含量进行测定,并对测定结果进行不确定度评定。结果显示,由数字PCR测得的λDNA的含量为(2.43±0.35)μg/管(k=2),该结果与同位素稀释质谱法测量结果相吻合。     

微流控PCR芯片的研究进展

基因是人类的遗传密码,人类个体之间只有万分之一的基因不相同,却导致了人与人之间丰富的差异.了解这种差异对于科学研究具有巨大的应用价值.PCR是基因研究中常用的手段之一,但传统PCR仪存在反应时间长、能量消耗大、不便于集成与携带等缺陷,微流控技术与PCR结合可以有效缩小反应体系,提高反应效率,且易于集成化与微型化.本文按照微流控PCR芯片的结构分类,详细介绍了微池型、连续流动型PCR芯片,以及电泳、荧光、电化学和DNA杂交阵列等检测方法,并在最后进行了总结与展望.     

Direct Sensing of 5‐Methylcytosine by Polymerase Chain Reaction

The epigenetic control of genes by the methylation of cytosine resulting in 5‐methylcytosine (5mC) has fundamental implications for human development and disease. Analysis of alterations in DNA methylation patterns is an emerging tool for cancer diagnostics and prognostics. Here we report that two thermostable DNA polymerases, namely the DNA polymerase KlenTaq derived from Thermus aquaticus and the KOD DNA polymerase from Thermococcus kodakaraensis, are able to extend 3′‐mismatched primer strands more efficiently from 5 mC than from unmethylated C. This feature was advanced by generating a DNA polymerase mutant with further improved 5mC/C discrimination properties and its successful application in a novel methylation‐specific PCR approach directly from untreated human genomic DNA.     

液滴微流控系统在数字聚合酶链式反应中的应用研究进展

数字聚合酶链式反应( PCR)技术近年来发展迅速。与以实时荧光定量PCR为代表的传统PCR技术相比,数字PCR技术显著提高了定量分析的精确度和灵敏度。数字PCR的快速发展与近年来微流控技术在数字PCR技术中的广泛应用有着密切的联系。早期的研究和商业化产品使用的是大规模集成流路微流控芯片,加工过程复杂且价格高昂。近年来,液滴微流控芯片被应用到数字PCR技术中,它可以在短时间内产生102~107个微液滴,每一个微液滴都是最多只含有一个目的基因片段的PCR反应器。 PCR扩增后,通过对单个微液滴的观察计数,就可以获得绝对定量的分析数据。本文综述了不同种类的液滴微流控系统在数字PCR技术中的应用,以及液滴数字PCR微流控芯片在生物、医药、环境等领域的应用。     

DNA Extraction from Formalin-fixed and Paraffin-embedded Tissues by Triton X-100 for Effective Amplification of EGFR Gene by Polymerase Chain Reaction

For first-line non-small-cell lung cancer(NSCLC) therapy, detecting mutation status of the epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR) geneconstitutes a prudent test to identify patients who are most likely to benefit from EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor(TKI) therapy. Now, the material for detecting EGFR gene mutation status mainly comes from formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded(FFPE) tissues. DNA extraction from FFPE and the amplification of EGFR gene by polymerase chain reaction(PCR) are two key steps for detecting EGFR gene mutation. We showed a simple method of DNA extraction from FFPE tissues for the effective amplification of EGFR gene. Extracting DNA from the FFPE tissues of NSCLC patients with 1% Triton X-100(pH=10.0) was performed by heating at 95℃ for 30 min. Meanwhile, a commercial kit was used to extract DNA from the same FFPE tissues of NSCLC patients for comparison. DNA extracted products were used as template for amplifying the exons 18, 19, 20 and 21 of EGFR by PCR for different amplified fragments. Results show that DNA fragment size extracted from FFPE tissues with 1% Triton X was about 250-500 base pairs(bp). However,DNA fragment size extracted from FFPE tissues via commercial kit was about from several hundreds to several thousands bp. The DNA yield extracted from FFPE tissues with 1% Triton X was larger than that via commercial kit. For about 500 bp fragment, four exons of EGFR could not be amplified more efficiently from extracted DNA with 1% Triton X than with commercial kit. However, for about 200 bp fragment. This simple and non-laborious protocol could successfully be used to extract DNA from FFPE tissue for the amplification of EGFR gene by PCR, further screening of EGFR gene mutation and facilitating the molecular analysis of a large number of FFPE tissues from NSCLC patients.     

Detection of Mycobacterium leprae in Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded Sample by Fite-Faraco Staining and Polymerase Chain Reaction

Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae. The identification of mycobacteria in tissue sections can be made through a microscopic examination with fite-faraco staining or PCR method. Paraffin blocks from four patients with leprosy were retrieved from The Pathologic Department of Dr.Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya. Two cases were from paucibacillary leprosy patients with no mycobacteria stained by fite-faraco. PCR assay showed a negative result. The other two cases were multibacillary leprosy with many bacteria stained by fite-faraco. PCR assay showed a positive result.     

荧光分析法在聚合酶链式反应产物检测中的应用

对荧光法在聚合酶链式反应（ＰＣＲ）产物检测中的应用作了评述。内容包括原理、方法和仪器,并对今后找作进行了展望。     

智能数字聚合酶链式反应系统的开发与应用验证

数字聚合酶链式反应(digital polymerase chain reaction,dPCR)技术可以针对低浓度的目标核酸分子实现精确的绝对定量检测,在各类疾病的检测与治疗方面有着极大应用价值. 针对目前商业数字PCR仪造价昂贵、体积庞大等缺点,基于智能手机与微流控芯片,设计开发了一种低成本、高集成的智能数字PCR设备. 介绍了硬件系统的制作以及整机的整合搭建过程. 采用PID算法,结合温控电路与半导体制冷片等硬件,进行了PCR温度循环的精准控制. 最后,采用自适应阈值分割法对采集到的荧光图像进行了处理,并依据泊松分布的规律对统计结果进行了校正,完成了对PCR反应后采集到荧光图像的结果分析与检测.     

错配核酸识别修复的研究进展*

综述了当前发展起来的识别修复错配核酸的化学模型的最新进展。此项研究会对阐明生物体内DNA的识别修复机理、合理设计新的人工核酸酶提供理论指导。     

变性无胶毛细管筛分电泳分析聚合酶链式反应产物

在分离Ｙ染色体性别决定区,人１１号染色体短β－珠蛋白基因部分序列扩增产物和ＰＢＲ３２２／ＨａｅⅢ标准片段的混合样品时,ＳＲＹ和１０８／Ｂ的迁移时间均产生较大的偏差,在尿素变性存在的无胶筛分体系中迁移时,这种迁移时间的偏差得以消除,这意味着尿素性剂的存在消除了ＤＮＡ空间结构对迁移的影响,ＤＮＡ在此筛分介质中的迁移只与其片段长度有关。     

Analysis of UVB-modulated Gene Expression in Human Keratinocytes by mRNA Differential Display Polymerase Chain Reaction

Abstract— EUltraviolet (UV) light is the most important environmental insult to skin. Even a single exposure to UVB radiation can result in inflammation and may also lead to DNA damage and apoptosis in the acute response of the cutaneous tissue. To elucidate the complex alterations of gene expression in human keratinocytes underlying these UV responses we took advantage of differential display polymerase chain reaction (DD-PCR) technology's ability to detect qualitative and quantitative changes in gene expression in more than two cell populations simultaneously. We demonstrate that low-dose UVB (100 Jm_-2) leads to both induction and down regulation of different genes during the 24 h after irradiation in a time-dependent manner. In addition to the identification of known genes as possible effectors or targets in the UV response of human keratinocytes, we here identify a new sequence that is negatively regulated by UVB irradiation and was termed HUR 7 (HaCaT UV repressed). In general our results showed that DD-PCR is a useful tool in the analysis of quantitative changes of mRNA levels in human keratinocytes after UV irradiation. The identification of new UVB-repressed genes offers the opportunity to identify unrecognized molecular mechanisms in the UV response of human cells.     

全血直接扩增结合焦磷酸测序法测定亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶基因多态性

亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶基因677C>T和1298A>C两个位点的多态性与临床常用抗肿瘤药物甲氨喋呤及氟尿嘧啶的作用密切相关,对这两个位点多态性的检测能指导临床合理用药。为进一步缩短检测时间,降低检测成本,本研究建立了基于全血直接PCR的焦测序检测方法,采用"HpH Buffer"直接扩增全血模板,仅需1μL全血样本即可对两个位点进行高效扩增。扩增产物经碱变性法制备单链模板后进行焦磷酸测序,经过条件优化,仅需5μL扩增产物和1μL微球即可完成高灵敏的焦测序反应。为验证方法的准确性,检测了12例临床样本,均能正确检测两个位点的基因多态性。本研究为临床基因多态性检测提供了一种操作简便,耗时短,成本低,准确度高的方法,本方法可用于指导甲氨喋呤和5-氟尿嘧啶的个体化用药。     

一种DNA染料结合聚合酶链反应检测鉴别植物病原细菌死活细胞

建立了一种将DNA染料(EMA)结合PCR的新分析方法, 用于有效检测区分植物病原细菌死活细胞. 结果表明, 当用2.0 mg/L或更高浓度的EMA渗透处理含有106 cfu/mL的死细胞菌悬液后再曝光处理10 min, 其PCR结果呈阴性, 而未经过EMA渗透处理的对应样品PCR结果呈阳性; EMA渗透处理含有适当数量病菌活细胞的种子浸泡液后, 更有助于特异性检测混合体系中靶标菌活细胞. 分析认为, 该方法避免了传统PCR无法区分细菌死活细胞的弊端, 是一种快速、灵敏且能有效鉴别病原细菌死活细胞的新方法.     

快速检测Fenton反应诱导DNA损伤的电化学DNA传感器研究

利用带正电荷的聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵(PDDA)和带负电荷的小牛胸腺双链DNA(CT-dsDNA)之间的静电吸引作用,将其层层组装到玻碳电极表面,制成电化学DNA传感器,并利用电化学和原子力显微镜(AFM)方法与对DNA的组装进行了表征。以Ru(bpy)23+作为电化学催化剂,检测DNA的损伤,考察了电极在Fenton试剂中的温育时间以及Fenton试剂的浓度对DNA损伤程度的影响。实验表明,Fe2+与H2O2共存时,温育15 min即可较大程度地对DNA造成损伤,且可以检测到的Fenton试剂浓度为5.0×10"5mol/L Fe-SO4/2.0×10"4mol/L H2O2。本方法具有灵敏度高、重现性好等优点。     

电化学发光反转录聚合酶链式反应技术检测齿兰环斑病毒

发展高效的病毒检测技术已成为当今生物学研究的热点之一。本研究将反转录聚合酶链式反应(PCR)技术与电化学发光分析方法结合起来,用于检测兰花中齿兰环斑病毒。检测过程中采用生物素标记的探针与PCR产物杂交,可起到筛选特异性产物的作用,从而避免假阳性结果的产生。三联吡啶钌标记探针与PCR产物杂交,既可以起到进一步筛选目的片段的作用,又可与分析液中的三丙胺反应,从而产生光信号,被电化学发光仪所检测到。在引物的5′端分别连接一段特异性核酸序列,既提高了钌探针与特异性产物的杂交几率,又增强了样品检测信号,从而提高了信躁比。实验结果表明:此方法灵敏度高、稳定性好、操作简单,可以从兰花样品中准确地检测到齿兰环斑病毒,有望发展成为一种高效的病毒检测方法。     

全血改进线性指数聚合酶链式反应用于焦磷酸测序检测基因多态性

焦磷酸测序是目前基因多态性检测的主要方法之一,但是其前期的样本制备工作较为繁琐,限制了其在临床检测中的应用。为了简化焦磷酸测序的流程,本研究根据不对称PCR原理,改进了线性指数聚合酶链式反应(LATE-PCR)的引物设计方法,增加过量引物的长度和浓度,并结合全血直接扩增技术,建立了基于普通r Taq聚合酶和高p H缓冲液(Hp H Buffer)的全血改进LATE-PCR(Improved LATE-PCR,im LATE-PCR)方法。考察了方法的最优扩增体系、血液抗凝剂对其影响以及全血模板量。采用单管、一步法直接扩增出单链测序模板,成功地对24例临床血样的乙醇脱氢酶基因多态性进行了检测,检测结果可用于指导临床个体化用药。24例样本的基因型分别为ADH1B位点AA纯合6例、AG杂合14例、GG纯合4例;ADH1C位点GG纯合20例、AG杂合4例、AA纯合0例。     

Hydrogenation Kinetics of Phenyl Propargyl Ether as Determined by High Pressure Liquid Chromatography

Abstract

High pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to kinetically study the neat heterogeneous hydrogenation of an alkyne, phenyl propargyl ether. The study suggests that strong absorption of alkyne on the catalyst surface inhibits the further reduction of newly formed alkene to alkane.