Determination of113mCd in natural water

A method has been developed for the determination of^113mCd from fallout in large-volume environmental water samples. In the analytical procedure a known amount of cadmium carrier is added to the sample and the cadmium is preconcentrated as insoluble hydroxide by coprecipitation with ferric hydroxide. The separated cadmium is purified from other interfering elements by an anion—exchange procedure. Finally, cadmium is coprecipitated with copper sulfide, and the radioactivity of^113mCd is measured in a lowbackground, gas-flow proportional beta counter. The cadmium recovery is established by determining the amount of Cd in the precipitate using an energy dispersive x-ray fluorescence spectrometer. For a 24hr counting period a lower limit of detection around 50μBq^113mCd/1 of sample has been attained. Samples of Lake Michigan water were analyzed: the concentration of^113mCd in 1980 was 177±5 μBq/l.     

Ta and W determination by selective XRF energy dispersive analysis

X-ray fluorescence energy dispersive analysis is applied for the determination of Ta and W in sintering compounds. The combination of selective excitation and very simple mathematical procedures permits the determination of the concentrations of the two adjacent elements /Ta and W/ even when the sample contains only few per cent of Ta. Other possible applications are shown.     

The determination of silicon in airborne particulate matter by XRF and LA-ICP-MS

This study reports the analysis of Si in airborne particulate matter by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) as well as X-ray fluorescence (XRF). It was found that Si concentration in airborne particulates collected on PTFE-membrane filters could be accurately determined with a laser beam operated at 160 mJ free running mode, 6.5 mm defocusing distance and 0.8 l/min carrier gas flow rate during the LA-ICP-MS measurement. Standard filters prepared by NIST SRM 1648 urban particulates were used for both XRF and LA-ICP-MS not only to establish the calibration curves of Si, but also to examine the proposed method's effectiveness. The capability of applying both methods for natural sample analysis was also examined. Particulate loaded filter samples collected from a heavily polluted metropolitan area of Kaoshiung, Taiwan were initially measured by XRF, then by LA-ICP-MS. An intercomparison between them was thus performed. As a result, both XRF and LA-ICP-MS proved to be the valid analytical methods for directly determining Si concentrations in airborne particulates on PTFE membrane filters.     

Enhancement effects in XRF analysis

In XRF spectra, secondary fluorescence by X-rays produced in the target itself is one of the main reasons for incorrect analytical results. In our investigation we present a new approach for the determination of the X-ray enhancement using samples of known composition, which are, for certain elements, subject to enhancement effects.     

Application of XRF and field portable XRF for environmental analysis

The aim of the present review is to evaluate, on the basis of published papers, the real potential of XRF technique for environmental analysis. Special attention is given for the determination of heavy metal pollution in water. Results of numerous papers for various samples are presented. Some details of the technique and preconcentration methods employed are also discussed. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Elemental determination of airborne particulate matter by XRF

Multielement determination of airbone particulates collected on PTFE-membrane filters by XRF, and possibility of using this technique in Receptor Model analysis were investigated. In order to keep the background interference as low as possible, special emphasis was therefore laid on the setup of optimized analytical procedures for XRF measurement. An intercomparison between INAA and XRF methods was performed by analyzing the same filter samples.     

Quantitative determination of bromine-labeled organic compounds by XRF

The XRF method was used for quantitative determination of organic compounds which contain bromine atoms in their structure.     

The Correlation of 113Cd NMR and 111mCd PAC Spectroscopies Provides a Powerful Approach for the Characterization of the Structure of CdII‐Substituted ZnII Proteins

The powerful combination of ¹¹³Cd NMR and ^111mCd PAC (perturbed angular correlation) spectroscopies has been critical to determine the coordination geometry of Cd^II bound to thiolate‐rich centers. We have obtained important linear correlations between ¹¹³Cd NMR and ^111mCd PAC spectroscopic data and the acid/base properties of the metal binding site that illustrate the presence of a dynamic model for metal binding (see figure). These unique results can give new insight into Cd^II‐substituted Zn^II proteins.

     

Elemental analysis of alloys by XRF

XRF was used for routine analysis of different kinds of alloys, such as archeological findings, materials used in dentistry, and Al alloyed with Ga used in industry. The results of these analyses are described in this paper.     

Application of radioisotope XRF for the determination of noble metals in aqueous solutions

Radiometric methods of determination of platium and palladium (0.1 to 5% of Pt and 0.1 to 2% of Pd), gold and indium (0.01 to 1% of Au and 1 to 4 g In/l) and of platinum and rhodium (0.1 to 9% of Pt and 0.05 to 1% of Rh) in aqueous solution has been worked out. A suitable measuring device has been designed and constructed. The methods are based on the measurement of characteristic radiation of the L_α line for gold and platinum and of the K-series for indium, palladium and rhodium, as well as on the measurement of scattered radiation from a²³⁸Pu source. The r.m.s. error of the determination varies from 0.01 to 0.10% of Pt, 0.002 to 0.01% of Au and 0.01 to 0.15% of Pd depending on the concentration. In the case of Rh and In the errors are 0.008% and 0.04 g In/l, respectively.     

The application of isotopic dilution analysis to the fluori-metric determination of selenium in plant material

A method has been developed for the fluorimetric determination of selenium in plant material using the reagent 2,3-diaminonaphthalene. Oxygen-flask combustion is used to oxidize plant material. Isotopic dilution techniques are incorporated to account for loss in different stages of the procedure. Measurements are also included on the suitability of several other amines as reagents for selenium.     

Trace element XRF analysis of Mongolian coals

X-ray fluorescence has been applied as an analytical technique for the trace element characterization of Mongolian coals. Coal, samples from five regions of Mongolia are found to contain variable amounts of many trace elements. Various approaches to quantitative XRF analysis including a simple quantitative method, an emission-transmission method and a full fundamental parameter method are compared.     

XRF and PIXE analysis of metallic glasses

Radionuclide X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and particle induced X-ray emission (PIXE) methods have been used for a rapid and nondestructive analysis of metallic glasses. The methods are compared in accuracy and precision with the atomic absorption method. Some results of analyses of Fe_xNi₈₀-_xB₂₀ materials are briefly reviewed. The distribution of elements along the width as well as length and a qualitative analysis of the composition of material surfaces are considered.     

直接压片X-射线荧光光谱法在赤泥分析中的应用

对采用直接压片X射线荧光光谱法测定氧化铝生产中赤泥的各元素含量进行了研究。采用TL 数学模型校正,测定范围分别为Al2O3:10.00%～36 50%,SiO2:4.50%～10.50%,Fe2O3:25.00%～45.00%,CaO:12.50%～26 50%,Na2O:1.00%～5.00%,测定结果的RSD分别为0 22%、0.19%、0 38%、0.16%、0 33%,可用于控制分析。     

The application of neutron activation analysis to the determination of trace elements in pollen and sporopollenins

Neutron activation analysis has been used to assay the trace elements Co, Fe, Sc, Rb and Zn in pollen and derived sporopollenins. The method is capable of high precision and avoids the necessity for sample ashing and the introduction of reagent contamination. Rubidium was completely removed during the chemical isolation of sporopollenins and the remaining elements which survived chemical treatment were found in reduced amounts. The ratio of Sc: Fe in pollen and in several derived sporopollenins was found to be approximately constant. Results are discussed with reference to the possibilities of anomalous chemical behaviour of the elements resulting from irradiation.     

In-line determination of heavy elements by gamma ray-induced energy-dispersive K-line XRF

In-line determination of heavy elements, especially in nuclear fuel reprocessing solutions by means of XRF analysis and -emitting radionuclides as excitation sources for the K-lines has been investigated.⁵⁷Co,¹³³Ba and¹⁹²Ir are used as radionuclide sources. U, Np, and Pu can be determined from the lower ppm range up to the saturation concentration of about 400 g/l. In case of Pu concentrations >100 mg/l the detection limits for U and Np increase. A matrix effect due to the composition of the solution is observed, which depends only on the density of the solution. At higher activities of fission products in the solution, an increase of the background count rate but no interferences are observed. This allows determination of heavy elements in fission product solutions.     

XRF技术在无铅化工艺产品分析中的应用

介绍了XRF技术对无铅化产品和无铅化工艺中铅的快速无损分析的原理及其在实际检测中的应用. 采用自行研制的XRF-1000X射线荧光仪对无铅焊料及镀层进行快速无损分析, 其过程简单、结果准确、精度高.     

XRF在稀土分析中的应用与进展

X射线荧光光谱分析技术（XRF）是元素分析的有效工具,其快速、无损、多元素同时测定的特性能满足稀土元素的分析需求,在地质、冶金等多个领域中发挥着十分重要的作用。21世纪以来,稀土产业以及二次资源再利用的发展使得XRF分析方法的同步研发得到重视。本文对近年X射线荧光光谱技术的发展,样品制备方法的完善,稀土分析方法的优化及其在组分、微区与形态的分析中的应用现状进行概述,旨在为XRF技术在稀土分析方面的发展及推广提供参考思路。     

钙、铁、硅(碱度)X荧光分析仪在攀钢炼铁厂的应用

采用钙、铁、硅（碱度）X荧光分析仪进行烧结球团中Si、Ca、Fa元素（碱度）含量的测定，结果表明，该仪器满足烧结球团中元素（碱度）快速、准确分析的要求。