铜陵长江大桥主跨的环境随机激励模态测试

随机激励法是桥梁检测研究的主要方法,检测获得的模态参数是判断判断桥梁运行状况的重要标志。本文采用自行开发的一套基于PC机的测试系统,对铜陵长江大桥主跨部分进行环境随机激励模态测试,记录了大桥主跨部分的动态过程。通过分析测试结果给出了铜陵长江大桥主跨部分垂直方向上的前五阶对称振型和第三阶反对称振动的振型以及相应的固有频率.为了验证测试结果,文中对大桥用二维有限元模型建模,用有限元软件ANSYS建立了该桥的二维有限元模型,并计算得到了桥的模态参数。结果表明,计算和测试结果吻合较好,从而验证了本文测试方法的可靠性。     

大型桥梁动力特性检测方法

本文提出了对运营中的大型桥梁在不影响效能的前提下检验大桥主要结构受力状态及性能的实用方法。重点介绍了斜拉桥与悬索桥索力的振动测量法，桥梁动力特性的测试、桥塔水平位移的激光测量等实验技术；给出了山东东营黄河大桥实测与计算的结果。     

常德-张家界高速公路某大桥桥基砂土液化评价

结合常德—张家界高速公路某大桥桥基工程,在DSD—160型电磁式振动三轴试验仪上,通过往返加荷三轴试验,对饱和砂土进行了液化试验研究,探讨了基于动三轴液化试验结果判断饱和砂土液化的方法。并尝试了这种室内研究—反应分析的液化可能性估计方法与地震剪应力时程相结合的综合判断方法。在该高速公路大桥桥基的饱和砂土液化评价中,采用这种综合判断方法,对大桥桥基砂土液化进行了判断。在判断场地是否液化后,对其液化危害程度进行了等级划分,给出了该工程场地在未来遭受到不同超越概率下的地震作用时发生液化的危害程度,得到了一些有工程实用意义的结果。     

简议塔科马大桥坍塌的原因与启示

塔科马大桥建成仅4个月就坍塌毁掉了。坍塌的主要原因是风致颤振,此外,还有许多其他形式的解释。本文从设计、建设、坍塌过程、事故调查、科学家针对大桥的各种研究等方面对大桥坍塌的原因进行了简明的介绍,并总结了事故对之后大桥设计与建造的启示。     

车载作用下大跨度悬索桥钢箱梁受力状态的实验研究

钢箱梁结构在现代大跨度悬索桥体系中较多采用.作为最主要的组成部分之一,其在车辆荷载作用下的受力状态倍受关注.然而目前通过有限元计算还难以获得钢箱梁各细部构造的精确应力值.本文以润扬长江公路大桥南汊悬索桥为背景,介绍了该桥静动载试验中的车辆加载工况和钢箱梁测试截面应力测点的布置等.利用该桥钢箱梁实测应力结果,分析了多种车辆荷载工况下大跨度悬索桥钢箱梁的应力水平及其分布,同时进行了钢箱梁各测试截面受力状态的对比研究,在此基础上总结了大跨度悬索桥钢箱梁结构在车载作用下的受力特点.研究结论为同类钢箱梁的受力状态分析提供了参考依据.     

信阳浉河大桥载荷实验

信阳浉河大桥是1997年建成的一座中承式拱桥,计算跨径为168m,计算矢高33.6m,矢跨比为1∶5,拱肋为箱型截面,拱肋高为3.5m,宽为1.5m。为了检测该桥当前的承载能力,于2004年1月对该桥进行了静动载试验。本文介绍了对该桥的实验检测内容,在实验中共考虑7种载荷工况。对桥梁进行了外观检测,将拱轴线型、桥面线型与设计进行了比较,发现拱轴略向南偏移;对桥梁进行了自振特性检测,自振频率与原设计结构的自振特性基本相同,说明该桥的整体性能很好;对桥梁进行了静载实验,对吊杆索力、控制截面的挠度、应变进行了测试。由检测试验结果可以得出结论:该桥整体性能基本上能满足正常使用要求,承载能力基本上达到了其设计承载能力。     

火箭激振钱塘江大桥模态试验

介绍了国内首次利用火箭作为激振设备的桥梁模态试验及结果． 试验对象为杭州钱塘江铁路和公路双层大桥． 得到了大桥垂直向的前２阶和水平向的前４阶模态．     

大跨斜拉桥结构健康监测实验室模型试验平台

本文基于山东滨州黄河公路大桥,建立面向结构健康监测的实验室模型试验平台.基于相似理论,分析模型相关参数的相似关系,确定模型缩尺比、材料和截面尺寸,并对模型附加质量和斜拉索进行合理地简化.采用ANSYS建立物理模型的三维空间实体有限元数值分析模型,实体建模能较好的体现模型局部特征和模拟损伤.模型制作采用分段整体浇注,分段之间设计连接件连接,模拟斜拉桥施工顺序进行实验室组装,基于影响矩阵法对斜拉索进行张拉成桥.建立了包括传感器系统、静动力加载系统、数据采集系统和数据处理四大部分的完整试验体系,并对隔离出的桥塔和桥面板子结构进行了静动力试验,对全桥模型进行了动力测试.子结构和全桥模型的试验结果与有限元计算结果,以及原桥实测值都吻合较好,验证了斜拉桥模型的准确性和试验平台的有效性.试验系统的建立,为结构健康监测技术提供了一个试验研究平台.     

两种磁流变液测试系统的比较研究

本文首先简单介绍了自行设计加工的两套磁流变液屈服应力的测试系统,然后利用此实验设备对美国某公司生产的商用磁流变液进行了测量,并将结果与德国生产的型号为 Ｍ Ｒ１００４５０ 的 Ｍ Ｒ Ｆ测试系统对此磁流变液的测试结果进行了比较,通过比较结果肯定了自行设计的碟片旋转式磁流变液测试系统的测量准确性和可靠性,并且发现了管道流测试方法的固有局限性。     

CFRP索斜拉桥的结构动态测试研究与分析

为获知CFRP索斜拉桥的动力特性,推动CFRP索斜拉桥在我国的发展并积累经验,对国 内首座CFRP索斜拉桥分别进行了基于环境激励和锤击激励的结构动态特性测试研究,对不同 测试方案的试验结果进行了对比分析,结果表明脉动测试与锤击激励测试结果在对应的频率 值误差小、振型相似;环境激励测试法从测试的可行性、方便性及测试所得频率成分的组成 上较锤击激励测试法更为丰富.     

Modeling the disturbances in the lake Chebarkul caused by the fall of the meteorite in 2013

The results of numerical simulation of the possible hydrodynamic disturbances in lake Chebarkul caused by the fall of the meteorite in 2013 are presented. In the calculations the system of Navier–Stokes equations is used. The entry of the meteorite into the water at an angle of 20° is modeled. The numerical experiments are performed both with and without account for the ice cover of the lake. The dimensions of the ice cover disruption are evaluated. The dimensions of the ice-hole observable in the place of the meteorite fall are shown to be in good agreement with the theoretical predictions and the preliminary estimations.     

On the determination of the sum of the principal stresses in two-dimensional problems

The well-known principle of the determination of the sum of principal stresses in plates by measuring thickness changes is applied in this paper to “frozen” plates and to models made with low-modulus materials, such as rubbers, deformed inside portable frames. It is shown that a sufficiently precise measurement of thickness changes is possible with a machine-shop comparator, rather than with the more delicate laboratory-type instruments. The necessary corrections to be introduced to the comparator readings when rubber models are used are described in the Appendix. Two other methods based on moiré fringes, using the same two kinds of models, are also presented. The use of moiré on “frozen” specimens yields patterns of large response. Gratings on rubber models also yield precise moiré patterns that can be combined with isochromatics to separate the principal stresses. Two ways of conducting the moiré analyses are presented. The advantages and limitations of the several alternative methods are pointed out, and applications are given.     

On the role of nonlinearities in the Boussinesq-type wave equations

Longitudinal mechanical waves in biomembranes are described by a Boussinesq-type wave equation. It is shown that in this case the nonlinearities are of a different type compared with conventional models of solids. The governing equation analysed in this paper is the improved Heimburg–Jackson model with two dispersive terms. The soliton-type solutions of such a wave equation are found and analysed. The existence of solitons depends on the ratio of nonlinear terms and the width of solitons is governed by dispersive terms.     

On the propagation waves in the theory of thermoelasticity with microtemperatures

The present paper studies the propagation of plane time harmonic waves in an infinite space filled by a thermoelastic material with microtemperatures. It is found that there are seven basic waves traveling with distinct speeds: (a) two transverse elastic waves uncoupled, undamped in time and traveling independently with the speed that is unaffected by the thermal effects; (b) two transverse thermal standing waves decaying exponentially to zero when time tends to infinity and they are unaffected by the elastic deformations; (c) three dilatational waves that are coupled due to the presence of thermal properties of the material. The set of dilatational waves consists of a quasi-elastic longitudinal wave and two quasi-thermal standing waves. The two transverse elastic waves are not subjected to the dispersion, while the other two transverse thermal standing waves and the dilatational waves present the dispersive character. Explicit expressions for all these seven waves are presented. The Rayleigh surface wave propagation problem is addressed and the secular equation is obtained in an explicit form. Numerical computations are performed for a specific model, and the results obtained are depicted graphically.     

Numerical simulation of the flow in straight blade agitator with the MPS method

The three‐dimensional flow in a straight blade agitator with free surface on top is simulated using a grid‐free method named moving particle semi‐implicit method. The agitator has six rotor blades matched with six stationary guide blades. The mechanism and phenomena of the flow are investigated in the area between two adjacent stationary guide blades. Eddies near each tip of the rotational blades are predicted, and they move with the motion of the rotor blades but in opposite rotation direction of the rotor. The rotation axis of the eddies is traced and annular vortices, which are made by the eddies, are studied. The pressure pulsation in the rotation process is also predicted with this particle method. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

On the global dynamics of chatter in the orthogonal cuttingmodel

The large-amplitude motions of a one degree-of-freedom model of orthogonal cutting are analysed. The model takes the form of a delay differential equation which is non-smooth at the instant at which the tool loses contact with the workpiece, and which is coupled to an algebraic equation that stores the profile of the cut surface whilst the tool is not in contact. This system is approximated by a smooth delay differential equation without algebraic effects which is analysed with numerical continuation software. The grazing bifurcation that defines the onset of chattering motion is thus analysed as are secondary (period-doubling, etc.) bifurcations of chattering orbits, and convergence of the bifurcation diagrams is established in the vanishing limit of the smoothing parameters. The bifurcation diagrams of the smoothed system are then compared with initial value simulations of the full non-smooth delay differential algebraic equation. These simulations mostly validate the smoothing technique and show in detail how chaotic chattering dynamics emerge from the non-smooth bifurcations of periodic orbits.     

Solution of the planar Newtonian stick–slip problem with the singular function boundary integral method

A singular function boundary integral method (SFBIM) is proposed for solving biharmonic problems with boundary singularities. The method is applied to the Newtonian stick–slip flow problem. The streamfunction is approximated by the leading terms of the local asymptotic solution expansion which are also used to weight the governing biharmonic equation in the Galerkin sense. By means of the divergence theorem the discretized equations are reduced to boundary integrals. The Dirichlet boundary conditions are weakly enforced by means of Lagrange multipliers, the values of which are calculated together with the singular coefficients. The method converges very fast with the number of singular functions and the number of Lagrange multipliers, and accurate estimates of the leading singular coefficients are obtained. Comparisons with the analytical solution and results obtained with other numerical methods are also made. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Special virtual fields for the direct determination of material parameters with the virtual fields method. 3. Application to the bending rigidities of anisotropic plates

This paper deals with the direct identification of bending rigidities of thin anisotropic plates. These parameters are extracted from an heterogeneous strain field which takes place onto the top surface of a bent plate. The loading conditions are such that no closed-form solution is available for the deflection/slope/curvature fields. The procedure presently used is the virtual fields method with “special” virtual fields. It is shown that the unknown parameters are directly extracted with this method since no iterative calculations are required. The parameters are in fact directly equal to the virtual work of the applied loading with the special virtual displacement fields. The headlines of the method are recalled in the first part of the paper. They are then applied in the case of anisotropic bent plates. The accuracy and the stability of the procedure are finally discussed through some relevant examples.     

The role of the weakest-link mechanism in controlling the plasticity of micropillars

We present a computational study on the effects of sample size on the strength and plastic flow characteristics of micropillars under compression loading. We conduct three-dimensional simulations using the parametric dislocation dynamics coupled with the boundary element method. Two different loading techniques are performed. The plastic flow characteristics as well as the stress-strain behavior of simulated micropillars are shown to be in general agreement with experimental observations. The flow strength versus the diameter of the micropillar follows a power law with an exponent equal to -0.69. A stronger correlation is observed between the flow strength and the average length of activated dislocation sources. This relationship is again a power law, with an exponent -0.85. Simulation results with and without the activation of cross-slip are compared. Discontinuous hardening is observed when cross-slip is included. Experimentally observed size effects on plastic flow and work-hardening are consistent with a “weakest-link activation mechanism”.     

Research on the hysteresis properties of unsteady aerodynamics about the oscillating wings

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