分形(fractal)几何与岩石断裂

岩石断口的不规则性可以统计地认为具有自相似性,由此本文应用新几何——分形(fractal) 几何来描述这种不规则性。建立了穿晶以及沿晶界和穿晶相偶合的微观断裂fractal 模型,用电镜和光学显微镜观察了大量岩石断口的 fractal 特征,得到了 fractal 维数与岩石宏观断裂力学量之间的初步对应关系。     

控制断裂能量与爆破效果的分形分析

定向断裂爆破与普通光爆、预裂相比,爆破效果明显提高,爆破能量利用更为合理。文中根据爆破断裂的分形研究,阐述了控制断裂爆破改进周边成形质量,提高爆炸能量利用率的力学机制。     

大理岩和砂岩动态本构的实验研究

探讨了在Ｈｏｐｋｉｎｓｏｎ压杆装置上进行岩石长杆冲击实验。用多组埋入式聚偏四氟乙烯薄膜应力计,进行了波衰减的测量,获得了大理岩、砂岩在干燥、饱水、饱油情况下的衰减系数。对实测波形运用拉格朗日分析和路径线方法获取了大理岩、砂岩动态本构关系。     

节理岩体断裂的损伤与分形效应

本文在岩石断裂的基础上,利用损伤的概念,建立起岩体断裂能与初始损伤的关系,并借助于岩石断裂能与断裂面分形维数的关系,给出了节理岩体的断裂能与断裂面分形维数之间的关系.本法为直接从岩石的断裂参数推出节理岩体断裂参数,提供了一条简捷的途径.     

岩石类材料裂纹分叉非规则性几何的分形效应

本文考察了岩石裂纹(从晶粒尺寸的微裂纹到几千米的断层构造)的分叉在几何上存在的非规则性,在文献[10,11]的基础上,应用分形(fractal)几何建立了裂纹分叉的分形模型,分析了裂纹分叉的分形效应,从几何的角度研究了裂纹分叉使断裂韧性提高的物理力学现象,导出了一个比smith公式更合理的断裂韧性计算式。     

干燥和水饱和花岗岩的动态断裂特性

利用霍布金森压杆实验研究了干燥和水饱和花岗岩试件的动态应力应变关系。实验得到了干燥和水饱和花岗岩试件的平均动态拉断强度,表明水饱和花岗岩试件和干燥花岗岩试件的抗拉强度与加载速率具有不同的关系。对实验中实测试件层裂片的厚度进行了计算分析,对岩石类介质的动态断裂准则提出了初步见解。     

混凝土损伤断裂的分形特征

本文根据已有实验资料，分析了混凝土内部细观损伤断裂裂纹的演化，分布及其结构特征，指出混凝土的内部损伤裂行为具有分形特征，并给出了其损伤程度及演化的分形描述。     

岩体力学中流变与断裂的耦合作用

本文首先分析含Ｉ型裂纹岩石的流变断裂特性，提出了Ⅰ型裂纹流变断裂初度的三个阈值；然后应用断裂力学和粘塑性理论。得出了具有屈服、蠕变和Ⅱ型裂纹扩展等物理力学特性的岩体隧洞的衬砌与围岩应力的解析表达式。     

一类非线性系统在随机激励下的分叉

本文研究一类阻尼为线性，弹性恢复力为非线性的振动系统在随机外部激励作用下的随机分叉。文中采用广义稳态势和方法，求解系统响应的稳态联合概率密度函数。在此基础上根据由不变测度定义的随机分叉，讨论了具有权式分叉的确定性非线性系统在随机扰动下分叉行为。     

Fractal geometry and fracture of rock

The irregular and rough profile of fracture surfaces of rock can be regarded as having self-similarity statistically. The authors apply a new geometry—fractal geometry to describe this irregularity. Fractal models of the transgranular fracture and the combined intergranular and transgranular fracture are established. The fractal character of fracture surface of rock is examined by electron scanning and optical fractographic analyses. Finally, the relation between fractal dimension and macromechanics quantities of rock fracture is obtained.     

考虑随机弱化二阶效应的电缆流变断裂学分析

将电缆视作为ｎ股子束构成的线束，而每股子束由ｍ个平行的受拉元件组成，受拉元件就是渍于树脂基体的聚合物肌绳。未破坏的元件在任一时刻都按照某种规律承载，表现出电缆断裂对持载时间和载荷特征的相依性，从而，电缆的断裂是一个非平衡态不可逆热力学相容的一个非线性动力学演化假设下，我们考虑单个元件受载断裂与线束受载的关系。认识到元件的数目一一大时，线事的破坏时间是近正态分析的。     

RHEOLOGICAL FRACTURE ANALYSIS OF CABLE BY CONSIDERING THE SECOND ORDER EFFECTS OF RANDOM SLACK

In this paper,we consider the cable as a bundle consisting of n sub-bundles,with mparallel tension members per sub-bundle,and the tension members themselves are polymeric yarns im-pregnated with a resin matrix.The nonfailed members at any instant must share an applied system loadaccording to some rule,since there is a clearly expressed dependence of the fracture on the durationand character of the loading.So then,the fracture of cable is a process of nonlinear dynamic evolu-tion,which accommodates to the non-equilibrium thermodynamics of irreversible processes by itself.Let us assume that the polymeric yarns are as viscoelastic solid,under certain probabilistic assump-tions,according to the principles of theology of bodies with defects,the relationship between the singlemember loading and failure and the bundle loading are investigated.It can be shown that the bundlefailure time is asymptotically normally distributed as the number of members grows large.After astudy of the second order effects of random slack,it is known that the asymptotic mean and varianceare functions of the parameters of loading and single member rhcological behavior.Hence the loss inthe asymptotic bundle strength mean brought about by random member and sub-bundle slack,L.,andthe loss in the asymptotic bundle strength variance caused by random member slack,Δ_(?),are deter-mined.And finally,it is known that the asymptotic time of failure can make up a considerable part ofthe fracture of cable,and the fracture of cable is a time-dependent process of rheological fracture.     

非线性滞迟系统的随机振动分析

本文采用非线性滞后函数模型，对于粘弹性系统的随机振动问题，应用等效线性化和方差分析的方法进行了分析研究，给出了白噪声激励下的响应计算解。     

PROGRESSIVE FRACTURE MODELING OF THE FAILURE WAVE IN IMPACTED GLASS

The failure wave has been observed propagating in glass under impact loading since 1991. It is a continuous fracture zone which may be associated with the damage accumulation process during the propagation of shock waves. A progressive fracture model was proposed to describe the failure wave formation and propagation in shocked glass considering its heterogeneous meso-structures. The original and nucleated microcracks will expand along the pores and other defects with concomitant dilation when shock loading is below the Hugoniot Elastic Limit. The governing equation of the failure wave is characterized by inelastic bulk strain with material damage and fracture. And the inelastic bulk strain consists of dilatant strain from nucleation and expansion of microcracks and condensed strain from the collapse of the original pores. Numerical simulation of the free surface velocity was performed and found in good agreement with planar impact experiments on K9 glass at China Academy of Engineering Physics. And the longitudinal, lateral and shear stress histories upon the arrival of the failure wave were predicted, which present the diminished shear strength and lost spall strength in the failed layer.     

ON THE CONTINUITY AND DIFFERENTIABILITY OF AKIND OF FRACTAL INTERPOLATION FUNCTION

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＦｒａｃｔａｌｉｎｔｅｒｐｏｌａｔｉｏｎｍｅｔｈｏｄｉｓｎｕｍｅｒｉｃａｌｍｅｔｈｏｄｉｎｔｈｅｆｒａｃｔａｌｇｅｏｍｅｔｒｙｕｓｉｎｇｉｔｅｒａｔｅｄｆｕｎｃｔｉｏｎｓｙｓｔｅｍ (ＩＦＳ) ,ｉｔｉｓｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔｆｒｏｍｔｒａｄｉｔｉｏｎａｌｉｎｔｅｒｐｏｌａｔｉｏｎｍｅｔｈｏｄ .Ｍ .Ｆ .Ｂａｒｎｓｅｌｙ[1,2 ]ｆｉｒｓｔｇａｖｅｔｈｉｓｍｅｔｈｏｄａｎｄｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｅｄｔｈｅｃｏｎｔｉｎｕｉｔｙａｎｄｔｈｅｆｒａｃｔａｌｄｉｍｅｎｓｉｏｎｏｆｉｎｔｅｒｐｏｌａｔ…     

基于椭球面断裂模型的高强钢刻痕杆低温断裂分析

对20个高强钢刻痕杆进行了低温(-45℃～-40℃)断裂试验,考察了高应力三维度下的高强钢低温断裂模式.试验显示:刻痕杆宏观断裂于刻痕根部,为解理断裂;刻弧半径r较小和刻弧较深(d/D较小)的试件,断裂延性较差,但断裂强度略高.基于椭球面屈服模型的数值模拟应力场显示,裂纹起裂于应力三维度较高的刻痕心部,当刻痕根部应力场达到建议的椭球面断裂模型临界值时,刻痕杆断裂.     

V形切口的断裂研究

对Ｃａｒｐｅｎｔｅｒ的求解Ｖ形切口应力强度因子的围线积分法作改进，提高了计算精度，减少了计算工作量，在大量有限元计算数据的基础上，本文拟合了远场拉伸单边和双边Ｖ形切口板应力强度因子的计算公式。进一步，结合文献（４）所提出的Ｖ形切口断裂准则，可以方便地对切口试件的断裂载荷进行预测。