标准物质的分类与分级

标准物质可按其被定值的特性进行分类 .根据标准物质管理办法的规定 ,标准物质管理可分为化学成分标准物质 (其中包括冶金、环境分析、化工等标准物质 ) ,物理或物理化学性质标准物质 (其中包括光学、磁学、酸度、电导等标准物质 ) ,以及工程特性标准物质 (其中包括粒度、橡胶耐磨性、表面粗糙度等标准物质 ) .我国将标准物质分为一级和二级 .一级标准物质采用绝对测量法或两种以上不同原理的准确可靠的方法定值 ,不确定度具有国内最高水平 ,均匀性良好 ,稳定性在一年以上 .二级标准物质采用与一级标准物质进行比较测量的方法或一级标准物质…     

国家质检总局新批准49种国家标准物质

不久前，国家质检总局批准49种国家标准物质，其中包括用作食品成分分析的标准物质、转基因大豆粉标准物质、食品微生物菌落总数标准物质和饮料中添加剂标准物质4类食品安全领域的标准物质。     

正确使用标准物质/标准样品

介绍了标准物质与标准样品、有证与非有证标准物质/标准样品的区别与联系,国內外有证标准物质/标准样品的判断依据,标准物质/标准样品及其证书的科学使用。对正确理解和使用标准物质/标准样品提出了一些建议。     

国内标准物质概况及重点领域发展现状

介绍标准物质的层级分类及重点领域内标准物质的研发现状。标准物质有两种分类方法:术语层级分类和计量学层级分类,国内标准物质按照等级划分为一级、二级标准物质、标准样品和行业标准样品。介绍了标准物质生产资质和标准物质证书的要求,以及重点领域医药、金属、油品、食品、环境标准物质的发展现状。     

实验室管理系统结合短信平台在食品检测标准物质管理中的应用

食品检测实验室大量使用标准物质,而根据实验室认可及资质认定等文件规定,标准物质在使用管理上需要完备的记录链,数量众多的标准物质使实验室标准物质管理增加了难度。利用实验室管理系统与短信平台相结合的技术管理标准物质,构建标准物质采购、入库、验收、保存、使用等信息管理系统,使标准物质管理中物流与信息流保持同步,提高了实验室标准物质管理水平。     

环境监测分析中标准物质的选择及应用

针对分析人员对标准物质概念不清、使用不规范等问题,就环境监测领域标准物质选择和应用方法做了梳理。从标准物质的概念、区分有证和非有证标准物质的方法、标准物质的应用范围及标准物质的使用注意事项等4个方面系统地进行了梳理,重点阐述了有证标准物质和非有证标准物质的概念区别及使用时的误区,为分析人员在实际工作中出具准确数据提供理论依据。     

地质分析中标准物质的选用及注意事项

对地质分析时使用标准物质的一般原则、容易忽略的问题、贵金属标准物质的选择、过期标准物质的选择、疑难样品“标准物质室”的建立、仪器期间核查标准物质的选择进行了论述。     

中国航空工业集团公司 北京航空材料研究院检测研究中心

<正>中国航空工业集团公司北京航空材料研究院检测研究中心从事研制标准物质已有四十多年历史,共研制出具有航空材料特色的标准物质90余种,标准物质种类涉及铝合金、钛合金、镁合金、高温合金等。所研制的标准物质应用在航空、航天、船舶、兵器等各行业,深受用户好评。自产的标准物质主要有:镍基、铁镍基高温合金化学、光谱、痕量、气体标准物质;铝合金化学、光谱、气体标准物质;钛合金化学、光谱、气体标准物质;稀土镁合金化学标准物质等。为了满足客户需求,还销售国内外生产的各种合金的化学、光谱、气体标准物质、各种单元素和复     

《实用地质分析标准物质手册》(第二版汉英对照)

编者收集整理了当今地质分析所用的标准物质647个,按其特征和不同应用分成6个部分介绍,即元素整体分析标准物质、超细粒度标准物质、化学物相和元素形态分析标准物质、微区原位分析标准物质、同位素及地质年代学分析标准     

《实用地质分析标准物质手册》(第二版 汉英对照)

编者收集整理了当今地质分析所用的标准物质647个,按其特征和不同应用分成6个部分介绍,即元素整体分析标准物质、超细粒度标准物质、化学物相和元素形态分析标准物质、微区原位分析标准物质、同位素及地质年代学分析标准     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.