壳聚糖苯甲酰化衍生物固定相的制备及其手性识别

为制备新型手性分离材料,用含不同取代基的苯甲酰氯修饰壳聚糖,合成了壳聚糖-二(4-甲基苯甲酸酯)-(4-甲基苯甲酰胺)、壳聚糖-二(苯甲酸酯)-(苯甲酰胺)、壳聚糖-二(3,5-二甲基苯甲酸酯)-(3,5-二甲基苯甲酰胺)和壳聚糖-二(4-氯苯甲酸酯)-(4-氯苯甲酰胺)4种新的衍生物,以N,N-二甲基甲酰胺为溶剂,将壳聚糖衍生物涂敷于大孔的3-氨丙基硅胶上,制得相应的手性固定相.测试了固定相的手性识别性能,结果表明这些固定相均有较好的对映体选择性.涂覆量为16%的固定相比涂覆量为20%的固定相有更好的手性分离性能,以壳聚糖-二(3,5-二甲基苯基甲酸酯)-(3,5-二甲基苯基甲酰胺)制备的固定相有最强的手性识别性能,以壳聚糖-二(4-甲基苯甲酸酯)-(4-甲基苯甲酰胺)制备的固定相对手性化合物有最大的分离度.     

纤维素-三(苯基氨基甲酸酯)涂敷氧化锆固定相的制备及硒代缩水甘油醚的拆分

制备并表征了纤维素-三(苯基氨基甲酸酯)涂敷氧化锆手性固定相,并用该固定相直接拆分了3种硒代缩水甘油醚。考察了固定相涂敷量、流动相组成等对手性拆分的影响。讨论了硒代缩水甘油醚分子结构与保留因子、选择性因子和分离因子的关系。结果表明,固定相的羰基和氨基是手性分离的主要部位,固定相的手性空穴是对映体分离产生立体差异的关键,对映体手性碳上连接的基团的立体效应是影响拆分的主要因素。实验结果表明:纤维素-三(苯基氨基甲酸酯)是性能稳定、有很好的手性拆分能力的固定相。     

桥联β-环糊精液相色谱键合固定相研究

合成了两种桥联β-环糊精固定相,将其用于芳香烃位置异构体、氨基酸的对映异构体的拆分,同时比较了其与β-CD固定相的手性拆分效果。研究结果表明,桥联环糊精固定相对一些对映异构体具有较好的选择性;其对普通的环糊精固定相的选择性具有一定的补充或者改进作用。     

双选择体的涂覆量对手性固定相分离特性的影响

研究了涂敷量对双选择体手性固定相分离特性的影响。分别将纤维素-三(3,5-二甲基苯基氨基甲酸酯)与纤维素-三(4-甲基苯甲酸酯),直链淀粉-三(3,5-二甲基苯基氨基甲酸酯)与直链淀粉-三(4-甲基苯甲酸酯)进行共混,得到两种共混合物。以这两种共混合物为手性选择体,制备了涂覆量分别为17%及25%的四种手性固定相。评价了这些固定相的手性分离性能,结果表明:增加手性选择体的涂覆量,直链淀粉衍生物双选择体固定相的手性分离性能得到提高,而纤维素衍生物固定相的手性分离性能则稍有降低。较高涂覆量的纤维素衍生物固定相在含叔丁醇、异丁醇和正丁醇流动相中的保留因子依次减小,而其手性识别能力依次增强。     

纤维素-三(4-甲基苯甲酸酯)手性固定相的制备及对映异构体拆分

以微晶纤维素和对甲基苯甲酰氯为原料,合成了纤维素-三(4-甲基苯甲酸酯),并以3-氨丙基-三乙氧基硅烷修饰的硅胶为载体,制备了涂敷型纤维素-三(4-甲基苯甲酸酯)液相色谱固定相,对该固定相进行了表征,并在正相条件下对13种对映异构体进行了拆分,其中9种得到了分离,该柱表现出良好的手性分离性能.     

2-N-邻苯二甲酰亚胺壳聚糖基手性固定相的制备及手性识别能力研究

为了开发具有高效手性识别能力的新型多糖类手性固定相,合成了5种糖单元2-位具有邻苯二甲酰亚胺,而3,6-位同时具有4种不同苯基氨基甲酸酯基团(2-氯、3-氯、4-氯和3,5二氯取代的苯基氨基甲酸酯)和一种无取代的苯基氨基甲酸酯基团的壳聚糖类衍生物,并将其涂覆在氨丙基硅胶表面制备成HPLC手性固定相.利用红外光谱和核磁氢谱对所合成的衍生物进行结构表征与分析,并应用HPLC法评价其对10种对映体的手性识别能力.研究结果表明:这些新型壳聚糖类手性固定相的手性识别能力受苯基氨基甲酸酯取代基中芳环上侧基的引入位置、数量和空间位阻的影响较大.同时色谱测试中所使用流动相的成分对该类手性固定相的识别能力也具有较大影响.进一步探讨了这些衍生物的氨基甲酸酯残基核磁氢谱中N—H质子的化学位移和红外光谱中N—H波数与手性识别能力之间的关系.     

键合型聚丙烯酰胺衍生物手性固定相的制备与手性识别性能

高效液相色谱(HPLC)被广泛认为是分离制备光学纯单一对映体的最有效方法。在高效液相色谱手性拆分中,手性固定相(CSP)的性能直接影响到色谱柱的手性分离能力。在众多手性固定相中,键合型手性固定相具有溶剂耐受性好,分离模式灵活等优点,已经发展成为一类重要的手性固定相。本文通过两步化学反应合成了新型的光学活性丙烯酰胺衍生物--(S)-1-丙烯酰-2-(N-苯基甲酰胺基)吡咯烷((S)-APACP),采用核磁共振氢谱表征了(S)-APACP的化学结构;通过3步化学反应制备了键合型聚丙烯酰胺衍生物手性固定相,采用热重分析法表征了聚合物的键合量,采用HPLC评价了键合型手性固定相的识别能力,分析了影响其手性识别能力的因素。研究结果表明,APACP聚合物成功地键合到硅胶表面制备了具有良好溶剂耐受性的键合型手性固定相,其聚合物键合量为10.2%~11.8%,该键合型手性固定相对若干种对映体显示了较好的手性识别能力。     

高效液相色谱法直接分离单环β-内酰胺对映体

本文介绍在一种手性固定相(键合在硅胶上的(R)-N-3,5-二硝基苯甲酰苯甘氨酸固定相)上一系列取代单环β-内酰胺对映体的直接分离,考察了流动相组成对容量因子k’,对映体选择性α和峰分离度P的影响,比较了具有不同取代基的β-内酰胺对映体的分离。     

新型β-希夫碱衍生化β-环糊精键合硅胶手性固定相的合成与色谱性能研究

环糊精及其衍生物在手性分离、模拟酶及手性催化剂药物转运等方面都有一定的应用[1～3].设计并合成新型的环糊精衍生物并扩大其应用范围是非常必要的[4,5].近年来,手性希夫碱作为配体已在不对称催化反应中有很好的应用[6].我们将手性希夫碱配体中的刚性CN片断引入到环糊精中制成键合固定相,并通过增加键合固定相与被分离物质间的电荷转移、偶极-偶极及氢键作用,试图改变β-环糊精键合固定相的分离选择性.本文报道了苯亚胺环糊精固定相(BCDs)和异丙亚胺环糊精固定相(YBCDs)的合成方法,探讨了其对DL-氨基酸对映体的分离能力以及流动相的…     

功能化苯甲酰胺基-β-环糊精手性固定相的制备及其对黄烷酮对映体的拆分

为了探讨功能基团对苯甲酰胺基-β-环糊精手性固定相手性拆分性能的影响,本文采用点击化学制备了两种手性固定相:全取代-4-氯-3-甲基苯甲酰氨基-6A-三唑基-β-环糊精键合硅胶手性固定相(CSP1)和全取代-5-氯-2-甲基苯甲酰氨基-6A-三唑基-β-环糊精键合硅胶手性固定相(CSP2)。利用核磁共振、红外光谱及元素分析等手段对固定相的结构进行了表征;在反相高效液相色谱条件下,通过对9种黄烷酮消旋体的拆分,对比研究了两种固定相的手性拆分性能。研究结果表明CSP1的拆分性能优于CSP2。这两种手性固定相仅在水与甲醇体系下即可实现对黄烷酮的手性拆分,展现了较好的应用前景。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.