甘氨酸在乙醇—水混合溶剂中离解常数的测定

本文利用电位滴定法测定了２５℃，ＫＣｌ离子强度Ｉ＝０．１ｍｏｌ．Ｌ＾－１时，甘氨酸在纯水及８个乙醇－水混合溶剂中的二级离解常数ｐＫａ，对应的碱离解常数ｐＫｂ和混合溶剂的质子自递常数ｐＫ。实验结果表明：在所研究的浓度范围内，随着混合溶剂中乙醇含量的增加，甘氨酸的酸离解常数及溶剂的质子自递常数逐渐减小，碱离解常数则逐渐增大。     

荧光法测定β－CD与萘酚负离子包结物的解离常数和β－CD与分子型萘酚包结物的酸式离解常数

本文提出了一种利用β－ＣＤ包结物与酸碱离解平衡关系，用荧光法间接测定β－ＣＤ包结物解离常数的新方法。并测定了β－ＣＤ分别与１－萘酚和２－萘酚负离子包结物的解离常数ｐＫｂ为２．５８和３．２７，β－ＣＤ与分子型体１－萘酚和２－萘酚包结物的酸式离解常数ｐＫｃ分别为１０．４２和０．６８。     

氯化原卟啉Ⅸ二甲酯合钴（Ⅲ）的合成及其与咪唑反应动力学的研究

从原卟啉Ⅸ（ＰＰⅨ）出发合成氯化原卟啉Ⅸ二甲酯合钴（Ⅲ）．分别用元素分析、ＵＶ光谱和ＩＲ光谱表征．２９８Ｋ时，测定氯化原卟啉Ⅸ二甲酯合钴（Ⅲ）与咪唑反应在丙酮或二氯甲烷溶剂中的表观速率常数ｋｏｂｓ，结果表明反应的决速步是单分子咪唑中间体Ｃｏ（Ⅲ）ＰＰⅨＤＭＥ（ＲＩｍ）Ｃｌ中氯的离解。总反应速率方程对咪唑是一级反应；氯离解的速率常数ｋ１依赖于溶剂与氯形成氢键的能力，即＂远位咪唑氢键效应＂；当咪唑中出现２－甲基、２－苯基时，由于取代基与卟啉配位体之间的相互作用，促使反应氯的离解速率增加，产生＂近位张力效应＂．     

1,3-二苯基-4-酰基-5-吡唑酮螯合剂离解常数和两相分配常数的测定

在水-二氧六环混合体系中,用电位滴定法测定了四种新的β－二酮螯合剂在二氧六环不同含量时的离解常数,通过外推,求得它们在纯水中的离解常数。采用两相滴定法,测定了它们在氯仿、苯和正己烷三种有机溶剂与水之间的两相分配常数。     

有机化合物的氢化学位移和酸度关系探讨

讨论有机化合物氢化学位移和其酸性的关系,推导并建立了有机化合物的酸离解常数（pKa）、酸值（pH）和氢化学位移值（δ）间的定量式,确定了有机物酸离解常数与酸值是不同的,指出用酸离解常数表达有机物酸度的不足.     

关于H2O的离解平衡常数Ka值的探讨

关于Ｈ＿２Ｏ的离解平衡常数Ｋ＿ａ值的探讨胡乃非，林树昌（北京师范大学化学系，１０００８７５）水是最重要的溶剂。在讨论水溶液中的酸碱平衡时，必然要讨论溶剂Ｈ＿２Ｏ的酸碱性质。根据Ｂｒｏｎｓｔｅｄ－Ｌｏｗｒｙ的酸碱质子理论，Ｈ＿２Ｏ既可以是酸也可以是碱。...     

配合物稳定性和配体酸碱强度之间的直线自由能关系──铜（Ⅱ）、锌（Ⅱ）－芬布芬－α－氨基酸三元配合物体系

在２５±０．１℃，Ｉ＝０．１ｍｏｌ·ｄｍ－３ＫＮＯ３条件下，８０％（ｖ／ｖ）ＤＭＳＯ—Ｈ２Ｏ混合溶剂中，应用ｐＨ法测定了甘氨酸，Ｌ一缬氨酸，Ｌ－异亮氨酸，Ｌ－脯氨酸，Ｌ－丝氨酸，ＤＬ－苯丙氨酸等六种α－氨基酸（缩写为α－ＡＡ，记为Ｂ配体）的酸离解常数，铜（Ⅱ）－α－氨基酸．锌（Ⅱ）－α－氨基酸二元配合物的稳定常数及铜（Ⅱ）－芬布芬－α－氨基酸（芬布芬缩写为Ｆｅｎ，记为Ａ配体）和锌（Ⅱ）－芬布芬－α－氨基酸三元配合物的稳定常数．实验发现，在下面三对参数之间，即ｌｏｇβ１０２与ｐＫ，ｌＯｇβ１１１；与ｐＫ及１０ｇβ１１１与ｌｏｇβ１０２，均存在良好的直线自由能关系．用△ｌｏｇＫＭ和△ｌｏｇβ１１１两个参量描述了三元配合物相对于母体二元配合物的稳定性．讨论了溶剂的性质，配合物分子内配体之间的疏水作用，芳环之间的堆积作用对配合物稳定性的影响．     

苯氧乙酸类化合物的酸离解常数测定及其量子化学计算

苯氧乙酸;酸离解常数;键电荷密度;量子化学计算;苯氧乙酸类化合物的酸离解常数测定及其量子化学计算     

配合物稳定性和配体酸碱强度之间的直线自由能关系──Ⅰ．二价过渡全属离子—α—氨基酸水杨醛席夫碱二元体系

在２５±０．１℃，Ｉ＝０．１ｍｏｌ·ｄｍ－３ＫＮＯ３条件下，应用ｐＨ法测定了水杨醛缩α－氨基酸的酸离解常数及它们与Ｍｎ（Ⅱ）、Ｃｏ（Ⅱ）、Ｎｉ（Ⅱ）、Ｃｕ（Ⅱ）、Ｚｎ（Ⅱ）生成的二元配合物的稳定常数．结果表明，对于同一种配体，配合物的稳定性均符合金属离子的欧文—威廉序；对于同一种金属离子，在配合物稳定性与配体的碱性之间均存在良好的直线自由能关系．     

渐进因子分析—PH—分光法测定多元酸的离解常数

根据多元酸平衡体系中型体具有先出现先消失的特点，提出了用渐进因子分析与化学平衡结合迭代。从ＰＨ－分光矩阵中解多元酸离解常数的新方法。用该法测定了多元酸茜素Ｓ和铬天青Ｓ的离解常数，并讨论了确定型体存在区域的经验式。结果表明该方法稳定，可靠、算法收敛快、所测得的离解常数与文献值吻合。     

Determination of dissociation constants of weak acids by deconvolution of proton binding isotherms derived from potentiometric data

Potentiometric titration of six carboxylic acid analytes were measured in aqueous and semiaqueous solvents to determine the effect of the solvent composition on the dissociation constants of the acids. The analytes studied were monoprotic (formic acid, acetic acid), diprotic (maleic and succinic acid) and triprotic (1, 2, ranging in composition from 0 to 80% by volume dioxane. The methodology used to assess the acidity constants was deconvolution of the proton binding isotherm of each analyte in each of the solvents. The dissociation constants agreed with those reported in the literature for titration in water. In the presence of the organic component, correlations relating the acidity constants with properties of the media were also found. In particular, affinity distributions derived from potentiometric titration data were used to assess the solvent media for resolving dissociation constants of weak acids and bases.     

Basicity comparison for di-substituted 4-nitropyridine derivatives in polar non-aqueous media

Acid dissociation, as well as cationic homoconjugation equilibria have been studied potentiometrically in systems involving four di-substituted 4-nitropyridines and conjugate cationic acids in the polar non-aqueous solvents - aprotic protophobic acetonitrile (AN) and propylene carbonate (PC), the amphiprotic methanol (MeOH), and in the aprotic protophilic dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). The influence of solvent effect on the obtained acidity constants has been discussed. The acidity constants (expressed as pK_a values) were compared with those previously determined in another polar protophobic aprotic solvent - acetone (AC), and obtained for the unsubstituted pyridine (Py). A comparison of the acid dissociation constants determined in all media studied has proved that the strength of the cationic acids increases on going from acetonitrile through propylene carbonate, acetone, and methanol to dimethyl sulfoxide. Furthermore, the values of acidity constants in the non-aqueous media have shown that in all the solvents studied they change according to the substituent effects. It has been also found that substituted 4-nitropyridine derivatives studied exhibit no tendency towards cationic homoconjugation in acetonitrile, propylene carbonate, and methanol and dimethyl sulfoxide. Moreover, it has been demonstrated that the acid dissociation constants determined by potentiometric titration method in all the solutions investigated correlate well with the calculated energy parameters of the protonation reactions in the gaseous phase.     

Acid-base equilibria in solutions of polyacid bases (Model and experiment): II. Thermodynamic dissociation constants of tribasic acids

A model is developed for estimating thermodynamic dissociation constants of tribasic acids in organic solvents, with an example of ethanol solution of citric acid in which the functional groups are neutralized jointly.     

Solvent effects on the dissociation of aliphatic carboxylic acids in water—N,N-dimethylformamide mixtures

The autoprotolysis constants of several water-_N,N-dimethylformamide mixtures were determined. The acid dissociation constants of formic, acetic, propionic, n-butyric, isobutyric, n-valeric, isovaleric, 2-methylbutyric and trimethylacetic acids were evaluated in the same media by potentiometric titration. Empirical equations for the calculation of autoprotolysis constants and acid dissociation constants at 25° C in the mixed solvents are proposed. Approximate solvation numbers were obtained by multiple linear regression analyses of pK_a values.     

Acid-base dissociation constants of 2,2'-bipyridyl in mixed protic solvents

The acid dissociation constants (K_a), base dissociation constants (K_b) and the autoprotolysis constants (K_s) for 2,2′-bipyridyl in water and in water+alcohol(methanol, ethanol, iso-propanol) mixed solvents have been determined at 25°C and an ionic strength of 0.1 mol l⁻¹, from a direct potentiometric method based on the treatment of the data of a single pH titration. It has been shown that K_a increases, whereas K_b and K_s decrease, with increasing proportion of the alcohol in the mixed solvents. Linear relations between pK_a, pK_b, pK_s and the mole fraction of the alcohol were observed in the composition range investigated. These results are discussed in terms of the properties of solvent and the interactions of the different species existing in dissociation equilibrium with solvents. It is concluded that the higher stabilization of both 2,2′-bipyridyl and its protonated form by dispersion forces and of the proton by its interaction with solvent molecules in the mixed solvents compared with that in water are largely responsible for the observed changes of pK_a with composition. On the other hand, the low stabilization of OH⁻ in the mixed solvents relative to that in water and the electrostatic effect are the main factors in determining the solvent effect on pK_b.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Brønsted</Emphasis> Acids in Ionic Liquids: Fundamentals,Organic Reactions,and Comparisons

Summary. A background for studying acids in various solvents is developed, emphasizing the importance of knowing to what extent a solvent conducts electricity and is therefore ionized, the dissociation equilibria of common molecular solvents and the acidic and basic species generated by solvent leveling. Acidity measurements in the atypical solvent water are discussed and the common method of expressing acidity in other systems – by Hammett values – is introduced. Representative examples of reactions involving Br?nsted acids in ionic liquids are presented and attention paid to the questions of speciation and acidity values. It is found that the gas phase proton affinity of a base is often a better guide to the acidity of its conjugate acid in an ionic liquid than is the dissociation constant of the said acid in water.     

Br?nsted Acids in Ionic Liquids: Fundamentals, Organic Reactions, and Comparisons

A background for studying acids in various solvents is developed, emphasizing the importance of knowing to what extent a solvent conducts electricity and is therefore ionized, the dissociation equilibria of common molecular solvents and the acidic and basic species generated by solvent leveling. Acidity measurements in the atypical solvent water are discussed and the common method of expressing acidity in other systems – by Hammett values – is introduced. Representative examples of reactions involving Br?nsted acids in ionic liquids are presented and attention paid to the questions of speciation and acidity values. It is found that the gas phase proton affinity of a base is often a better guide to the acidity of its conjugate acid in an ionic liquid than is the dissociation constant of the said acid in water.     

Ionic equilibria in aqueous organic solvent mixtures the dissociation constants of acids and salts in tetrahydrofuran/water mixtures

The dissociation constants of several acids (perchloric, hydrochloric, phosphoric, acetic and benzoic acids) and of some sodium salts (chloride, acetate and benzoate) have been conductometrically determined in tetrahydrofuran/water mixtures up to a 90% of tetrahydrofuran in volume. The results demonstrate that conductometry can be successfully applied to determine the dissociation constants of salts and moderately weak and strong acids in the studied mixtures. The dissociation constants of the acids and some bases taken from the literature have been fitted to solvent composition through a previously derived equation, which is based on a preferential solvation model. The fitting parameters obtained allow calculation of the dissociation constant for any solvent composition inside the applicability solvent composition range. From the pK value, the pH of any buffered solution, such as those used in liquid chromatography, can be calculated for the particular tetrahydrofuran/ water composition of interest. Appreciable ion-pairing for sodium salts and strong acids has been observed for tetrahydrofuran contents higher than 60% in volume. Therefore, the accurate calculation of the pH values of buffers in tetrahydrofuran-rich solutions must take into account the pK values of the acid and salt.     

Acid dissociation and spectrophotometric behaviour of 8-quinolineselenol in water-dioxan mixtures

The arid dissociation constants of 8-quinolineselenol, 8-quinolinol and 8-quinolinethiol in water-dioxan mixtures of varying solvent composition were determined potentiometrically or spectro-photometrically. The absorption spectra of 8-quinolineselenol in the same solvents were also obtained. The acid dissociation phenomena, stability towards oxidation and the absorption spectra of the reagents are discussed in connection with the existing forms. It is verified that 8-quinolineselenol exists as a zwitterion in water-dioxan mixtures of low or high dioxan content.     

Solvent effects on the dissociation reactions of tartaric, maleic and phthalic acids; comparative study and analysis of thermodynamic functions

The first and second dissociation constants of tartaric, maleic and phthalic acids have been determined using EMF method in water-ethanol mixed solvents, over a wide range of solvent composition (0-60 wt% ethanol) at six different temperatures (ranging from 30 to 55 degrees C at intervals of 5 degrees C). The thermodynamic parameters (DeltaG degrees , DeltaH degrees and DeltaS degrees ) for the first and the second ionization reactions were calculated from the well known equations. The results have been discussed in terms of the solute-solvent interactions and were compared with those of malic, malonic and succinic acids in the same mixed solvents.