等离子体共振协同S-scheme电荷转移促进W18O49/Cd0.5Zn0.5S高效光催化产氢

硫化锌镉(Cd_1-xZn_xS,01-xZn_xS太阳光响应范围,提高光生电子与空穴利用效率是当前的研究热点.本文采用溶剂热法分别制备了Cd_0.5Zn_0.5S纳米棒和W₁₈O₄₉纳米颗粒,然后借助超声辅助静电自组装策略成功获得具有紫外-可见-近红外光响应的W₁₈O₄₉/Cd_0.5Zn_0.5S异质结.分析表明,W₁₈O₄₉晶格氧空位周围过量自由电荷的集体振荡,引起强烈的局域表面等离子体共振(LSPR)吸收现象,使其对500~800 nm范围的光产生明显吸收,使体系具有紫外至近红外光响应能力;而且W₁₈O₄₉作为一种氧化型半导体材料,可与还原型Cd_0.5Zn_0.5S半导体之间形成S-scheme异质结,在内建电场、能带弯曲和静电相互作用下有效促进了光生电子和空穴的分离,并能保留强的氧化还原能力.对比实验发现,常温下以Na₂S/Na₂SO₃为牺牲剂,全光谱照射下,20%-W₁₈O₄₉/Cd_0.5Zn_0.5S的产氢速率可达147.7mmol·g^-1·h^-1,是Cd_0.5Zn_0.5S纳米棒单体的2.1倍;可见光下,复合样品的产氢活性约为Cd_0.5Zn_0.5S单体的1.89倍;近红外光下,Cd_0.5Zn_0.5S单体无产氢活性,而异质结的产氢速率约为0.2 mmol·g^-1·h^-1.进一步对样品波长依赖性研究发现,当365、400、450 nm的入射光仅能引起W18O49和Cd0.5Zn0.5S的带间激发时,它们的复合样品比Cd_0.5Zn_0.5S表现出更优异的产氢活性;当λ=550、600、650 nm以及>800 nm的入射光仅能引起W₁₈O₄₉的LSPR效应时,Cd_0.5Zn_0.5S单体无活性,而W₁₈O₄₉/Cd_0.5Zn_0.5S仍具有较高的催化性能、但随着波长的增大产氢速率逐渐降低,与复合样品瞬态光电流强度的变化趋势吻合良好.以上结果表明,W₁₈O₄₉与Cd_0.5Zn_0.5S二者形成的S-scheme界面异质结有效抑制了光生载流子的表面复合,且当入射光不足以引起带间激发时,W₁₈O₄₉的LSPR效应产生的"热电子"可有效注入到Cd_0.5Zn_0.5S,从而引起表面催化反应.进一步研究发现,当将反应温度从25提高到60°C时,20%-W₁₈O₄₉/Cd_0.5Zn_0.5S在全光谱下的产氢速率可提高到306.1mmol·g^-1·h^-1,表明温度对光催化产氢过程具有不可忽视的影响,可通过增强表面反应速率显著提高产氢活性.总之,本文通过一种简便方法获得了具有紫外-可见-近红外响应的S型W₁₈O₄₉/Cd_0.5Zn_0.5S异质结光催化剂,详细对比了不同波段下样品的光电特性及催化活性,最终在S-scheme电荷转移机制和LSPR"热电子"注入过程的协同作用下,复合样品活性比Cd_0.5Zn_0.5S单体有了明显提高.     

柠檬酸量对水热合成CuO/Ce0.8Zr0.2O2催化水气变换制氢性能的影响

采用水热法合成了Ce_0.8Zr_0.2O₂固溶体,再经浸渍法负载活性组分制备了CuO/Ce_0.8Zr_0.2O₂催化剂,考察了柠檬酸量对Cu O/Ce_0.8Zr_0.2O₂催化剂结构、性质及其催化水气变换反应制氢性能的影响。结果表明,不同柠檬酸量制备的CuO/Ce_0.8Zr_0.2O₂催化剂的催化活性主要与Cu比表面积、还原性能及Ce_0.8Zr_0.2O₂固溶体与Cu O之间的相互作用有关。其中,柠檬酸浓度为0.04 mol/L所制备的催化剂具有较大的Cu比表面积,较低的Cu O还原温度和较强的Ce_0.8Zr_0.2O₂固溶体与CuO之间的相互作用,在水气变换制氢过程中具有较高的CO转化率,表现出了较好的催化...     

模板法制备多孔Bi0.5La0.5VO4固溶体光催化还原CO2(英文)

光催化还原CO₂为有价值的化学品为缓解温室效应提供了理想的途径。本工作中,采用纳米球形SiO₂模板剂抑制光催化剂颗粒的生长从而合成高比表面积的多孔Bi_0.5La_0.5VO₄(BLV)固溶体光催化材料。得益于纳米SiO₂的限域效应,硬模板法制备的固溶体的粒径明显小于固相法制备的体相固溶体。N₂吸脱附测试结果显示950℃焙烧下制备的多孔BLV的比表面积为固相法的11.9倍。光催化CO₂还原活性评价表明多孔BLV-950固溶体的CO析出速率达0.58μmol?g^-1?h^-1,是体相BLV的3.9倍。这归因于多孔BLV较体相具有更高的载流子分离效率和更低的CO₂还原界面阻力。     

Mn0.2Cd0.8S@CoAl LDH S-型异质结构建及其光催化析氢性能研究

构建高效、稳定的异质结光催化剂体系是实现太阳能驱动分解水制氢的有效途径。本研究通过物理混合法将Mn_0.2Cd_0.8S纳米棒与CoAl LDH纳米片进行耦合,成功制备出一种新型的Mn_0.2Cd_0.8S@CoAl LDH (MCCA) S型异质结光催化剂。光致发光光谱和光电流测试结果表明,该异质结在内建电场的作用下可以有效地加快Mn_0.2Cd_0.8S和CoAl LDH界面间光生载流子的分离和电子转移。关键的是,CoAl LDH的引入有效地抑制了光生电子与空穴的复合,从而提高了Mn_0.2Cd_0.8S的光催化产氢活性。最佳CoAl LDH负载量的MCCA-3在5 h内的产氢量为1177.9 μmol。与单独使用纯Mn_0.2Cd_0.8S纳米棒和CoAl LDH纳米片相比,这是一个显著的改进。本研究为合理设计用于光催化制氢的S型异质结光催化剂提供了一条简单有效的途径。     

H2S/H2硫化温度对MoP/SiO2催化剂硫醚化性能的影响

以负载磷酸钼为前驱体,采用程序升温还原法制备了MoP/SiO₂催化剂,以体积分数3%H₂S/H₂对其进行了硫化处理,利用XRD、CO化学吸附、NH₃-TPD、HRTEM-EDX、ICP-AES以及XPS等手段对催化剂进行了表征,研究了硫化温度对MoP/SiO₂催化剂结构和异戊二烯与正丁硫醇硫醚化性能的影响。结果表明,即使在400℃硫化处理也未改变MoP/SiO₂催化剂中MoP体相结构;随着硫化温度提高,催化剂表面酸量增加、金属位数量减少,降低了催化剂C-S键氢解及异戊二烯深度加氢活性,但同时也提高了催化剂烯烃聚合活性。经120℃硫化处理的MoP/SiO₂兼具较佳硫醚化及异戊二烯选择加氢性能。     

Pd@SiO2/Al2O3的制备及其催化氧化CO性能评价

从Pd纳米粒子出发制备具有核壳结构的Pd@SiO₂纳米粒子,并将其负载于不同形貌Al₂O₃载体上,制备出具有良好CO催化氧化活性的催化剂。以纳米球形Al₂O₃为载体时,Pd@SiO₂/Al₂O₃催化剂活性优于无核壳结构的Pd/Al₂O₃催化剂。将纳米Pd@SiO₂负载到球形和菱形Al₂O₃上,制备出Pd@SiO₂/Al₂O₃催化剂。结果表明:具有较大比表面积的Al₂O₃载体(球形)有利于Pd@SiO₂的分散,且SiO₂层可以抑制Pd粒子的团聚,能在一定程度上改善催化活性。而较小比表面积的载体(菱形)上出现了Pd@SiO₂的团聚,表现出较低的CO氧化活性,但在降低负载量后,CO氧化活性明显提高。该结果为推动新型热稳定、高效纳米三效催化剂的研发具有一定的启示意义。     

金属氧化物和硅沉积改性 ZnO/SiO2/ZSM-5的甲醇择形芳构化反应催化研究

采用真空浸渍法对ZSM-5分子筛进行硅沉积和负载金属修饰,制备了复合改性的ZnO/SiO₂/ZSM-5催化剂,并将它应用于甲醇择形芳构化反应中。采用XRD、BET、NH₃-TPD、SEM、TEM等方法对制备的催化剂进行了物化表征。考察硅沉积次数和ZnO负载量对甲醇芳构化反应(MTA)中对二甲苯(PX)的选择性和收率的影响。结果表明,两次硅沉积改性并负载2.0%金属ZnO的ZSM-5分子筛具有较高的PX收率,在优化的反应温度420 ℃、反应压力0.2 MPa、甲醇空速WHSV为1.25 h^-1下,PX收率在28%以上。     

用于光催化分解硫化氢制氢的金属硫化物

硫化氢(H₂S)作为一种剧毒、恶臭的强腐蚀性气体,广泛来源于人类活动和自然界,对动植物生存和环境都具有较大的危害。光催化分解H₂S制氢是一种理想的H₂S处理技术,可以同时实现H₂S的转移和清洁能源氢气的产生。近年来,金属硫化物由于其优异的可见光响应、恰当的能带结构和对H₂S有高的稳定性,因此被广泛地应用于光催化分解H₂S制氢。本文对近年来国内外金属硫化物驱动H₂S资源化利用制氢领域取得的重要进展进行了概述和总结,探讨了不同反应媒介下光催化分解H₂S制氢机制;特别关注了一些为实现高效稳定光催化H₂S资源化利用制氢的优异调控策略;最后,对H₂S资源化利用的挑战和前景进行了展望。     

碳包覆Pd/TiO2光催化产氢协同胺类选择性氧化合成亚胺(英文)

负载型金属纳米催化剂由于其优异的光催化性能,被广泛应用于光催化产氢协同胺类氧化偶联合成高附加值亚胺体系。但在反应过程中,金属表面对H原子和亚胺表现出较强的吸附能力,导致了亚胺易于发生自氢化反应而生成仲胺,显著降低了亚胺的选择性。在本文中,我们证实了在Pd/Ti O₂表面构建超薄碳层(Pd/Ti O₂@C)是一种解决上述问题的有效策略。在Pd/Ti O₂表面构筑的超薄碳层可以有效调控H原子和亚胺在其表面的吸附行为,避免了光催化氧化偶联过程中亚胺的自氢化。因此,Pd/Ti O₂@C光催化剂在光催化产氢协同胺类选择性氧化合成亚胺体系中展现出优异的亚胺选择性。本研究提供了一种便捷有效的策略推动负载型金属纳米催化剂在光催化产氢协同合成高附加值产物体系中的应用。     

SiO2负载Au-Pd双金属纳米颗粒催化甲醇选择性氧化合成甲酸甲酯

甲醇选择氧化制备甲酸甲酯（MF）是延伸甲醇产业链、开发高附加值下游产品的有效途径之一,负载型Au及Pd催化剂在这一反应中表现出优异的低温催化性能。为探索实用、高效和易再生的甲醇选择氧化催化剂,同时揭示双金属颗粒中Au和Pd的协同效应及甲醇氧化反应机理,本研究制备了一系列二氧化硅负载的Au-Pd催化剂（Au-Pd/SiO₂）,详细研究了其对甲醇选择氧化制甲酸甲酯的催化性能。结果表明,Au和Pd总负载量为0.6%、且Au/Pd质量比为2时,所制备的Au₂-Pd₁/SiO₂催化剂表现出优异的甲醇氧化催化性能;在130℃下,甲醇转化率达到57.0%,MF选择性为72.7%。多种表征结果显示,Au-Pd双金属纳米颗粒粒径为2-4 nm,高度分散于SiO₂载体表面,倾向于生成孪晶结构并暴露（111）晶面,这些因素是Au-Pd/SiO₂具有优异催化性能的主要原因。通过DRIFTS表征研究,提出了一个可能的MF生成机理：即甲醇首先与处于Au-Pd纳米粒子界面的表面氧作用,生成化学吸附的甲氧基;随后,甲氧基经去质子作用生成吸附的甲醛物种,后者与相邻的甲氧基物种亲核反应,并经β-H消除后得到目标产物MF。     

1D Mn0.2Cd0.8S纳米棒/2D Ti3C2纳米片肖特基异质结的构建及光催化产氢性能研究

Sustainable photocatalytic H₂ evolution has attracted extensive attention in recent years because it can address both energy shortage and environmental pollution issues. In particular, metal sulfide solid-solution photocatalysts have been widely applied in photocatalytic hydrogen generation owing to their excellent light harvesting properties, narrow enough band gap, and suitable redox potentials of conduction and valance bands. However, it is still challenging to develop low-cost and high-efficiency sulfide solid-solution photocatalysts for practical photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. Recently, 1D Mn_xCd_1-xS nanostructures have shown superior light absorption, charge separation, and H₂-evolution activity owing to their shortened diffusion pathway of carriers and high length-to-diameter ratios. Thus, 1D Mn_xCd_1-xS nanostructures have been applied in photocatalytic H₂ evolution. However, a single Mn_xCd_1-xS photocatalyst still has some disadvantages for photocatalytic H₂ evolution, such as the rapid recombination of photogenerated electron-hole pairs and low quantum efficiency. Herein, to further boost the separation of photogenerated charge carriers and H₂-evolution kinetics, an in situ solvothermal method was used to synthesize the 1D/2D Schottky-based heterojunctions between the Mn_0.2Cd_0.8S nanorods (MCS NRs) and Ti₃C₂ MXene nanosheets (NSs). Furthermore, various characterization methods have been used to investigate the crucial roles and underlying mechanisms of metallic Ti₃C₂ MXene NSs in boosting the photocatalytic H₂ evolution over the Mn_0.2Cd_0.8S nanorods. X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM), element mapping images, and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) results clearly demonstrate that hybrid low-cost Schottky-based heterojunctions have been successfully constructed for practical applications in photocatalytic H₂ evolution. Additionally, the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) was also carried out in a mixed solution of Na₂SO₃ and Na₂S using as the sacrificial agents. The highest hydrogen evolution rate of the optimized 1D/2D Schottky-based heterojunction is 15.73 mmol·g^-1·h^-1, which is 6.72 times higher than that of pure MCS NRs (2.34 mmol·g^-1·h^-1). An apparent quantum efficiency of 19.6% was achieved at 420 nm. The stability measurements of the binary photocatalysts confirmed their excellent photocatalytic stability for practical applications. More interestingly, the UV-Vis diffuse reflection spectra, photoluminescence (PL) spectrum, transient photocurrent responses, and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) Nyquist plots clearly confirmed the promoted charge separation between the MCS NRs and Ti₃C₂ MXene NSs. The linear sweep voltammetry also showed that the loading of MXene cocatalysts could greatly decrease the overpotential of pure MCS NRs, suggesting that the 2D Ti₃C₂ NSs could act as an electronic conductive bridge to improve the H₂-evolution kinetics. In summary, these results show that the 2D/1D hybrid Schottky-based heterojunctions between metallic Ti₃C₂ MXene NSs and MCS NRs can not only improve the separation of photogenerated electrons and holes but also decrease the H₂-evolution overpotential, thus resulting in significantly enhanced photocatalytic H₂ generation. We believe that this study will inspire new ideas for constructing low-cost Schottky-based heterojunctions for practical applications in photocatalytic H₂ evolution.      

富含光诱导氧空位Bi12O17Br2的制备及其高效光催化固氮性能(英文)

采用一步水热法制备了Bi₁₂O₁₇Br₂光催化剂,其平均微片尺寸为1.2μm,比表面积约为29 m²·g^-1。Bi₁₂O₁₇Br₂的禁带宽度为2.42 eV,能够响应可见光。值得注意的是,在光照条件下Bi₁₂O₁₇Br₂表面能够产生氧空位;光诱导氧空位不仅能促进氮气在催化剂表面的吸附,而且对吸附的氮气分子的活化起到至关重要的作用。实验结果表明在可见光照射下,Bi₁₂O₁₇Br₂光催化剂上的氨生成速率为337.6μmol·g^-1·h^-1。在可见光的驱动下,Bi₁₂O₁₇Br₂光催化剂能够实现氮气与水反应生成氨的过程。     

A photoelectrochemical cell for pollutant degradation and simultaneous H2 generation

A PEC cell with nanostructured BiVO₄ photoelectrode film presents outstanding azo dye degradation and simultaneous H₂ production performance.     

Radiation induced scavenging of NOx, SO2, H2S from exhaust gases

The theoretical model of exhaust gases radiation induced oxidation was developed. NO, SO₂ and H₂S concentrations curves vs dose calculated by use of this model for mixtures containing N₂ (80.5%), O₂ (11%), H₂O (8.4%), NO (100–600 ppm), SO₂ (150–500 ppm) and H₂S (300–1000 ppm) have been obtained. It has been shown that NO and SO₂ conversion reactions with acids formation go simultaneously with oxidizing reaction of H₂S giving SO₂ as an intermediate substance. These processes were evaluated for different initial concentrations of NO, SO₂ and H₂S. Data established by our simulation calculations show that the electron beam process can be judged as a promising technology for simultaneous removal of SO₂, NO and H₂S from exhaust gases.     

Chlorophyll sensitized BiVO4 as photoanode for solar water splitting and CO2 conversion

Converting solar energy into valuable hydrogen and hydrocarbon fuels through photoelectrocatalytic water splitting and CO_2 reduction is highly promising in addressing the growing demand for renewable and clean energy resources. However, the solar-to-fuel conversion efficiency is still very low due to limited light absorption and rapid bulk recombination of charge carriers. In this work, we present chlorophyll(Chl) and its derivative sodium copper chlorophyllin(ChlCuNa), as dye sensitizers, modified BiVO_4 to improve the photoelectrochemical(PEC) performance. The photocurrent of BiVO_4 is surprisingly decreased after a direct sensitization of Chl while the sensitization of ChlCuNa obviously enhances photocurrent of BiV04 electrodes by improved surface hydrophilicity and extended light absorption.ChlCuNa-sensitized BiV04 achieves an improved H_2 evolution rate of 5.43 μmol h~(-1) cm~(-2) in water splitting and an enhanced HCOOH production rate of 2.15 μmol h~(-1) cm~(-2) in CO_2 PEC reduction, which are1.9 times and 2.4 times higher than pristine BiVO_4, respectively. It is suggested that the derivative ChlCuNa is a more effective sensitizer for solar-to-fuel energy conversion and CO_2 utilization than Chl.     

制备方法对Ni2P/SiO2催化剂结构及萘加氢性能的影响

采用程序升温还原法和次磷酸盐歧化法制备了Ni_2P/SiO_2催化剂,结合现代仪器分析表征技术,研究了制备方法对Ni_2P/SiO_2催化剂结构和萘加氢性能的影响。结果表明,两种方法均可制备出仅含Ni_2P活性相的Ni_2P/SiO_2催化剂,在反应温度340℃、氢气压力4 MPa、空速为20.8 h~(-1)下,程序升温还原法制备的Ni_2P/SiO_2催化剂表现出更高的萘加氢活性,这主要是因为程序还原法制备的Ni_2P/SiO_2催化剂中有更多Ni_2P物种生成,提供了较多的活性位点(CO吸附量21.6μmol/g);且催化剂表面弱酸位点多,有利于芳烃吸附。当选用程序升温还原法制备Ni_2P/SiO_2催化剂时,在保证生成纯相Ni_2P的前提下,较低的Ni/P比更有利于合成高加氢活性的Ni_2P/SiO_2催化剂。     

高镍负载量Ni/SiO2和低镍负载量Ni-Ce/SiO2催化CO甲烷化的比较研究

采用等体积浸渍法制备了高镍负载量的13%Ni/SiO₂(13Ni/Si)催化剂和低镍负载量的7%Ni-2%Ce/SiO₂(7Ni-2Ce/Si)催化剂.通过N₂物理吸附、XRD、FT-IR、TEM、H₂-TPR/TPD等技术对催化剂进行表征,在连续流动微反装置上考察了催化剂的CO甲烷化活性.结果表明,在7Ni-2Ce/Si催化剂中NiO、CeO₂和SiO₂之间产生的相互作用,改变了Ni-O-Si键的化学环境,促进了氧化镍物种的分散和还原,进而提高了催化剂的活性比表面积,同时在催化剂表面形成了新的中等强度的CO吸附中心.与高镍负载量的13Ni/Si催化剂相比,低镍负载量的7Ni-2Ce/Si表现出更高的CO吸附能力和甲烷化活性.常压下,在CO体积分数1%和空速7 000 h^-1的反应条件下,低镍负载量的7Ni-2Ce/Si催化剂上CO完全甲烷化最低温度为230 ℃,比高镍负载量的13Ni/Si低了30 ℃.     

LaCoO3对H2S选择氧化性能的影响

使用溶胶-凝胶法制备了LaCoO₃催化剂,采用XRD、BET和XPS等方式对催化剂进行了表征,考察了该催化剂制备过程中煅烧温度、表面活性剂PEG-6000和PEG-20000含量对其H₂S选择氧化制硫磺反应催化活性的影响。结果表明,表面活性剂PEG-6000及PEG-20000的添加能明显提高LaCoO₃的催化活性。0.02 mol La（NO₃）₃+0.02mol Co（NO₃）₂溶液中添加0.30 g PEG-20000、煅烧温度为650℃时所制备的LaCoO₃催化活性最好;在最佳反应温度260℃下,H₂S的转化率达到96.10%,硫选择性为93.77%。     

Supported bimetallic catalyst Pt-Pb/SiO2 for selective conversion of nitrobenzene to p-aminophenol in pressurized CO2/H2O system

Various supported Pt-Pb bimetallic catalysts were prepared and applied for the catalytic conversion of nitrobenzene to p-aminophenol in the environmentally benign pressurized CO_2/H_2O system.Among the bimetallic catalysts prepared,Pt-Pb/SiO_2 is the best and nitrobenzene could be converted to paminophenol with a selectivity as high as 82% when the reaction was carried out using this catalyst at110 ℃ under 5 MPa CO_2 and 0.2 MPa H_2.