Solution of a laminar boundary layer flow via a numerical method

In this paper, the numerical solution of the Blasius problem is obtained using the collocation method based on rational Chebyshev functions. The Blasius equation is a nonlinear ordinary differential equation which arises in the boundary layer flow. The method reduces solving the equation to solving a system of nonlinear algebraic equations. The results presented here demonstrate reliability and efficiency of the method.     

A finite difference method for free boundary problems

Fornberg and Meyer-Spasche proposed some time ago a simple strategy to correct finite difference schemes in the presence of a free boundary that cuts across a Cartesian grid. We show here how this procedure can be combined with a minimax-based optimization procedure to rapidly solve a wide range of elliptic-type free boundary value problems.     

A finite difference method for singularly perturbed differential-difference equations with layer and oscillatory behavior

In this paper, we present a finite difference method for singularly perturbed linear second order differential-difference equations of convection–diffusion type with a small shift, i.e., where the second order derivative is multiplied by a small parameter and the shift depends on the small parameter. Similar boundary value problems are associated with expected first-exit times of the membrane potential in models of neurons. Here, the study focuses on the effect of shift on the boundary layer behavior or oscillatory behavior of the solution via finite difference approach. An extensive amount of computational work has been carried out to demonstrate the proposed method and to show the effect of shift parameter on the boundary layer behavior and oscillatory behavior of the solution of the problem.     

The laminar boundary layer on a blunted wedge

Zusammenfassung Es wird die Grenzschicht an einem abgestumpften Keil mit Hilfe der Görtlerschen Reihe berechnet. Man findet, von der Staupunkt-Grenzschicht ausgehend, eine asymptotische Annäherung an die Grenzschichten von Falkner und Skan; die asymptotische Lösung wird mit Hilfe der Reihe sehr befriedigend dargestellt, besonders nach Anwendung von verschiedenen Methoden zur Verbesserung der Konvergenz. Zudem wird die Annäherung an die Lösung im Unendlichen analytisch untersucht, wobei sogenannte asymptotische Eigenfunktionen auftreten.Die rechnerisch ausgewertete Lösung für einen Keil mit rechteckigem Öffnungswinkel kann als Vergleichsfall zur Beurteilung von numerischen Methoden benützt werden.

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To ProfessorHenry Görtler on his sixtieth birthday

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The research carried out at UCSD was supported by the Advanced Research Projects Agency (Project DEFENDER) under Contract No. DA-31-124-ARO-D-257, monitored by the U.S. Army Research Office-Durham.

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The research carried out at Stanford was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under Contract No. AF49(638)-1274.     

The behavior of a finite difference approximation to a singular initial boundary value problem

We develop difference approximations to a singular parabolic initial-boundary value problem and its corresponding steady-state problem. A critical value for the existence of nonnegative solutions to the discrete steady state system is established. Convergence of the computed critical values is obtained. The long time behavior for the approximated solution of the parabolic problem is investigated. It is shown that the behavior of the discrete system is consistent with that of the continuous one     

The thermal laminar boundary layer on a rotating sphere

Résumé Dans cet article, on étudie par un procédé numérique la couche limite laminaire thermique sur une sphère en rotation. En supposant que la sphère est maintenue à une température constante, on obtient la distribution des températures, ainsi que le transport de chaleur. On y discute aussi le problème de la sphère en rotation dans un cas plus général où la répartition de la température sur la surface de la sphère n'est plus uniforme.     

The Compressible boundary layer and the Boltzmann equation

We consider the flow of ideal gas in half space described by the system of compressible Navier-Stokes equations. We apply the Prandtl scaling and we obtain the system of compressible Prandtl equations. In this article, a modification of the classical Chapman-Enskog method is proposed, which allows us to derive the system of compressible Prandtl equations directly from the Boltzmann equation without the use of the Knudsen-layer correction. Different types of boundary conditions are discussed.     

Fourth order finite difference method for sixth order boundary value problems

In the present paper, finite difference method is used to construct an approximate solution for the sixth order linear boundary value problems. Numerical examples are considered to illustrate the efficiency and convergence of the method. Numerical results show that proposed method is very effective, efficient, and fourth order accurate. Also fourth order accurate numerical value of second and fourth derivatives of solution, were obtained as by product of the proposed method.     

Solving a laminar boundary layer equation with the rational Gegenbauer functions

In this paper, a collocation method using a new weighted orthogonal system on the half-line, namely the rational Gegenbauer functions, is introduced to solve numerically the third-order nonlinear differential equation, af^?+ff^″=0${\mathit{af}}^{?}+{\mathit{ff}}^{″}=0$, where a   is a constant parameter. This method solves the problems on semi-infinite domain without truncating it to a finite domain and transforming the domain of the problems to a finite domain. For a=2$a=2$, the equation is the well-known Blasius equation, which is a laminar viscous flow over a semi-infinite flat plate. We solve this equation by considering 1?a?2$1?a?2$ and compare the new results with the established results to show the efficiency and accuracy of the new method.     

Fourth-order compact finite difference method for fourth-order nonlinear elliptic boundary value problems

A compact finite difference method with non-isotropic mesh is proposed for a two-dimensional fourth-order nonlinear elliptic boundary value problem. The existence and uniqueness of its solutions are investigated by the method of upper and lower solutions, without any requirement of the monotonicity of the nonlinear term. Three monotone and convergent iterations are provided for resolving the resulting discrete systems efficiently. The convergence and the fourth-order accuracy of the proposed method are proved. Numerical results demonstrate the high efficiency and advantages of this new approach.     

The use of generalized finite difference method in perfectly matched layer analysis

This study deals with the use of Generalized Finite Difference Method (GFDM) in Perfectly Matched Layer (PML) analysis. There are two options for performing PML analysis. First option is to express PML equations in terms of real coordinates of the points in actual (real) PML region; the second is to use governing equations (expressed in terms of complex stretching coordinates) as they are in complex PML region. The first option is implemented in this study; the implementation of the second option is under way and will be reported in another study. For the integration of PML equations, the use of GFDM is proposed. Finally, the suggested procedure is assessed computationally by considering the compliance functions of surface and embedded rigid strip foundations. GFDM with PML results are compared to those obtained by using Finite Element Method (FEM) with PML and Boundary Element Method (BEM). Excellent matches in results showed the reliability of the proposed procedure in PML analysis.     

An invariant variational problem of the laminar boundary layer

A variational problem on minimizing, by normal injection into a laminar boundary layer, the Newtonian drag of a blunt cylindrical body in a supersonic flow of an ideal gas is considered, taking into account the limitation on the power of the system to control the injection. Using the first integral obtained, the order of the conjugate system is reduced, which enables an effective algorithm to be constructed for finding the optimal control using the grid method. The results of a computational experiment are presented, according to which the gains in the values of the drag functional for the optimal controls obtained reach 65% compared with a uniform injection law.     

Stability of laminar boundary layer along longitudinally curved walls

Summary To a former work [1] the perturbations are determined in the whole flow field. This also yields more exact eigenvalues.

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Zusammenfassung Zu einer früheren Arbeit [1] werden die Störungen im ganzen Strömungsbereich errechnet. Damit ergaben sich auch genauere Eigenwerte.

     

The calculation of the thermal laminar boundary layer on a rotating sphere

Sommaire La communication expose une méthode permettant de déterminer la couche limite thermique d'une sphère en rotation dans un fluide incompressible à écoulement uniforme. La méthode se base sur l'idée deFrössling, selon laquelle la répartition des températures s'exprime en tant que développement en série de puissances, et utilise les résultats déjà obtenus parHoskin pour la répartition des vitesses dans la couche limite d'une sphère en rotation. L'auteur donne des résultats numériques obtenus sur une machine à calculer IBM 704.

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Nomenclature x distance along surface of body in a meridian plane from forward stagnation point - y distance measured normal to surface - U velocity of main flow - U velocity of undisturbed stream - u component of velocity inx-direction - v component of velocity iny-direction - w transverse component of velocity due to spin - p pressure - density - T temperature - R distance of surface from axis of symmetry measured normal to axis of symmetry - coefficient of viscosity - kinematic viscosity - a radius of sphere - k thermal conductivity - angular velocity about axis of symmetry - Re Reynolds number - Pr Prandtl number - Nu Nusselt number - a constant - S area - Q quantity of heat transferred in unit time across areaS - d a characteristic length     

Coupled boundary element method and finite difference method for the heat conduction in laser processing

This paper is presented as a way to model transient heat conduction in a 3-D axisymmetric case where large rates of heat fluxes are applied on the surfaces as done in the case of laser processing. This would result in large temperature gradients in a small area irradiated by the laser on the incident surface that could also reach melting and subsequent vaporization. BEM can handle large fluxes very easily and it also can be formulated if needed to incorporate the moving boundary problem in a unique manner while on the other hand FDM is a fast and efficient method. For these reasons a coupled BEM–FDM method is formulated to simulate the heat conduction process. In the BEM method linear elements for the boundary and quadratic elements for the domain were used. The integrals in BEM were integrated in time using the asymptotic expansion for the modified Bessel functions in the Green’s function. To further improve the accuracy, special techniques were employed in the spatial integration. As for the FDM formulation, a flux conservation scheme with a 4th order formula for the fluxes was used. The FDM and BEM were coupled at the interface by the temperature from the FDM formulation being imposed on the BEM and the flux from the BEM being utilized by the FDM elements near to the interface. To advance in time, the Crank–Nicholson scheme was used on the FDM directly and due to coupling indirectly on the BEM. The relative errors for the simulation of constant and variable flux cases demonstrate the successful nature of the numerical model.