(1-x)(K0.49Na0.51)(Nb0.97Ta0.03)O3-xBi0.5Na0.5ZrO3无铅压电陶瓷的结构与电性能研究

采用固相法制备了(1-x)(K0.49Na0.51)(Nb0.97 Ta0.03) O3-xBi0.5 Na0.5 ZrO3(KNNT-BNZ,x=0,0.01,0.02,0.03,0.04,0.05)无铅压电陶瓷,研究了Bi0.5 Na0.5ZrO3 (BNZ)的掺杂量对KNNT-BNZ陶瓷相结构、微观结构和电性能的影响.结果表明:KNNT-BNZ陶瓷具有纯的钙钛矿结构,随着BNZ掺杂量x的增加,陶瓷从正交相转变为四方相,并在0.03≤x≤0.04出现正交-四方两相共存的多型相转变区域.在该多型相转变区域靠近四方相的边界x =0.04处,陶瓷具有优异的电性能:压电常数d33 =317 pC/N,机电耦合系数kP=36.4;,机械品质因数Qm=68,介电常数ε3T/ε0=1225,介电损耗tanδ =3.1;,剩余极化强度Pr=20.5 μC/cm2,矫顽场Ec=1.16 kV/mm,居里温度Tc=310℃.     

Sb掺杂K0.5Na0.5NbO3无铅压电陶瓷相结构和电学性能的研究

采用传统固相烧结法,在1060 ℃制备(K0.5Na0.5)Nb1-xSbxO3(KNNS,x=0、0.01、0.02、0.03和0.04)无铅压电陶瓷,研究了Sb掺杂对KNN陶瓷物相结构、微观形貌和电学性能的影响.研究结果表明:Sb可以取代钙钛矿结构中B位的Nb位置,Sb取代Nb的最大量为0.03≤x≤0.04,当x=0.04时产生杂相;通过XRD图谱分析表明,x=0时陶瓷为单一的正交相结构,0.02≤x≤0.03时为正交-四方相共存,x=0.04时转变为三方相结构.Sb的掺杂具有细化晶粒的作用,随着Sb含量的增加,晶粒平均尺寸减小,晶粒大小变得均匀,介电性能增强.     

Y2O3掺杂对(Ba0.85Ca0.15)Zr0.1Ti0.896Sm0.004O3无铅压电陶瓷介电弛豫与电性能的影响

采用固相法制备了(Ba0.85Ca0.15)1-xYxZr0.1Ti0.896Sm0.004O3(BCZTS-Yx)无铅压电陶瓷.研究了Y2O3含量对BCZTS-Yx无铅压电陶瓷相结构、压电与介电性能的影响.结果表明:Y3+作为施主掺杂物占据A位.当0.004≤x≤0.006时,陶瓷存在三方相与四方相共存的准同型相界结构.当x=0.006时,陶瓷具有最佳的电性能,分别为d33=384 pC/N,kp=37.2;,εr～6775,tanδ ～ 2.04;.利用Curie-Weiss定律对该实验结果进行拟合,发现x为0.006的样品的介电弛豫特征更为明显.     

溶胶-凝胶法制备Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3-K0.5Bi0.5TiO3体系无铅压电陶瓷的研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备(1-x)Na0.5Bi0.5 TiO3-xK0.5Bi0.5TiO3体系无铅压电陶瓷.XRD分析表明,用溶胶-凝胶法可以在650℃下合成具有钙钛矿结构的(1-x)Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3-xK0.5Bi0.5TiO3粉体,且在x=0.18～0.30之间存在三方-四方准同型相界(MPB).陶瓷的压电性能参数表明,该体系在MPB组成范围内具有最佳的压电性能:x=0.30时,压电常数d33达到最大值(d33=150 Pc·N-1),平面机电耦合系数kp与介电常数εH33T/ε0均在x=0.26时达到最大值,分别为36.7;和1107.     

(Na0.9K0.1)0.5Bi0.5TiO3-(Ba0.7Ca0.3)TiO3无铅压电陶瓷的结构与性能

采用固相法制备了(1-x)(Na0.9 K0.1)05Bi0.TiO3-xBa0.7Ca0.3 TiO3[(1-x)NKBT-xBCT]无铅压电陶瓷.研究了不同BCT含量(x=0,0.02,0.04,0.05,0.06,0.07)对NKBT陶瓷结构与电性能的影响.结果表明:所有样品均形成纯的钙钛矿结构,体系陶瓷的准同行相界(MPB)位于0.04≤x≤0.06.随着BCT掺量的增加,样品的退极化温度Td逐渐向低温方向移动,压电常数d33和平面机电耦合系数kp均先升高后降低.系列陶瓷电性能较佳:x=0.05时,kp最大,为0.29.当x=0.06时,样品的综合性能较好,其中d33=168 pC/N,kp=0.26,相对介电常数εr=1280,介质损耗tanδ =3.7;,剩余极化强度Pr=37 μC/cm2,矫顽场Ec =18.8 kV/cm.变温电滞回线和介电温谱表明体系陶瓷在Td以上可能存在极性相与非极性相共存.     

(Sr0.7Bi0.2)TiO3取代BNT基无铅陶瓷的相变及储能特性

采用弛豫铁电体(Sr0.7Bi0.2)TiO3与铁电体(Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3构建了的新型二元系BNT基无铅陶瓷材料:(1-x)(Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3-x(Sr0.7Bi0.2)TiO3(记为BNT-xSBT,x=10mol;、20mol;、30mol;和40mol;).通过传统固相法进行制备,研究了(Sr0.7 Bi0.2)TiO3取代对其结构、相变、铁电性能和储能特性的影响.结果表明,室温所测BNT-xSBT陶瓷为准立方结构;介温和铁电性则证实其为极性三方和非极性四方共存相结构.A位复合占位的BNT-xSBT陶瓷是典型的弛豫铁电体,其Tm随x的增大而减小.低温(Td)处的介电反常源于结构(三方和四方)起伏所引起的缓慢转变过程.(Sr0.7 Bi0.2)TiO3取代量增大时,其Td降低,四方相增多,并伴随非极性微区增长;并导致BNT-xSBT陶瓷的铁电性减弱和电滞回线变形.x=30mol;时,BNT-xSBT陶瓷具有大的Pmax=26.8μC/cm2、小的Pr=1.4μC/cm2,和较好的储能特性:W=0.74 J/cm3,η=68.5;(@70 kV/cm).     

Sb5+取代BNT基弛豫铁电体的性能研究

利用传统固相法制备了0.6[(1-x)(Bi0.5Na0.5) TiO3-xNaSbO3]-0.4(Sr0.7 Bi0.2)TiO3陶瓷材料(缩写为BNT-NSO-SBT-x),其中x=0.04 mol,0.06 mol,0.08 mol和0.1 mol.研究了引入第三组元NaSbO3后对BNT-NSO-SBT-x陶瓷相结构、介电和铁电性能以及储能特性的影响.Sb5+对相结构并未造成显著影响,BNT-NSO-SBT-x陶瓷在室温具有三方和四方共存相.BNT-NSO-SBT-x陶瓷为呈现典型弥散特征的弛豫铁电体(γ～2),这源于A、B位离子复合占位而引起的成分不均一,以及三方和四方PNRs共存造成的结构不均一.Sb5+取代量增大时,Tp和Tm逐渐靠近;由于Tp(＜80℃)靠近室温,引起弱极性四方相PNRs增多,使得陶瓷的铁电性能恶化,但却有利于提高储能特性.x=0.06时BNT-NSO-SBT-x陶瓷的储能较优,W1=0.227 J/cm3,η=76.2;(E=40 kV/cm,f=10 Hz).     

(Na1/2Bi1/2)TiO3-(Na1/2Bi1/2)(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3无铅压电陶瓷的介电特性研究

采用固相合成法制备了(1-x)(Na1/2Bi1/2)TiO3-x(Na1/2Bi1/2)(Zn/23Nb2/3)O3(简写为(1-x)NBT-xNBZN)无铅压电陶瓷.研究了该体系陶瓷晶体结构、弥散相变特征与介电弛豫行为.X射线衍射分析表明,所研究的组成均能够形成纯钙钛矿(ABO3)型固溶体.当x≥0.5%摩尔分数时,该体系陶瓷具有三方、四方共存的晶体结构.材料的介电常数-温度曲线显示陶瓷具有两个介电反常峰Tf和Tm.修正的居里-外斯公式较好的描述了陶瓷弥散相变特征,弥散指数随x的增加而增加.x≤0.5%摩尔分数的陶瓷仅在低温介电反常峰Tf附近表现出明显的频率依赖性,随x的增加,陶瓷材料在室温和低温介电反常峰Tf之间都表现出明显的频率依赖性.根据有序-无序转变和宏畴.微畴转变理论探讨了该体系陶瓷介电弛豫特性的机理.     

Sb掺杂对0.96(K0.49Na0.51)(Nb0.97-xTa0.03Sbx)O3-0.04Bi0.5(Na0.8K0.2)0.5ZrO3无铅压电陶瓷结构与电性能的影响研究

采用固相法制备了0.96(K0.49 Na0.51)(Nb0.97-xTa0.03Sbx) O3-0.04Bi0.5(Na0.8K0.2)0.5ZrO3(0.96KNNTSx-0.04BNKZ,x=0,0.01,0.02,0.03,0.04)无铅压电陶瓷,研究了Sb掺杂量对0.96KNNTSx-0.04BNKZ陶瓷相结构、微观结构和电性能的影响规律.X射线衍射(X-ray Diffraction,XRD)分析结果表明:0.96KNNTSx-0.04BNKZ陶瓷具有纯钙钛矿结构,随着Sb掺杂量x的增加,陶瓷由正交-四方两相共存逐渐转变为四方相,在x≤0.01时,陶瓷为正交-四方两相共存的多型相转变(Polymorphic Phase Transition,PPT)结构,而当x≥0.02时,陶瓷则转变为四方相结构.在PPT向四方相转变的组成边界x=0.02处,陶瓷具有优异的电性能:压电常数d33=345 pC/N,机电耦合系数kp=39.2;,机械品质因数Qm=51,介电常数ε33T/ε0=1520,介电损耗tanδ =2.7;,剩余极化强度Pr=15.4 μC/cm2,矫顽场Ec =1.09kV/mm,居里温度Tc=275℃.     

Sr和Nb复合掺杂Bi4Ti3O12基高温压电陶瓷的研究

采用传统固相法制备了Bi4Ti3O12 +0-91wt;Nb2O5+xwt; SrCO3(BTNO-Sr,0.00≤x≤1.50)层状压电陶瓷,研究了Sr掺杂对BTNO系陶瓷微观结构与电性能的影响.结果表明所有样品均为单一的铋层状结构相陶瓷.适量引入Sr能使BTNO系陶瓷的晶粒尺寸细化与均一,表现出介电弥散性,并改善其压电、机电和铁电性能.当x=0.50时,样品性能最佳:相对密度p=98.8;,压电常数d33=22 pC/N,平面机电耦合系数kp=9.5;,机械品质因子Qm =4462,剩余极化强度Pr=13.01μC/cm2,居里温度Tc=620℃.此外,介电性能和热稳定性能研究显示材料x=0.50具有好的压电稳定性,适合于制备高温高频压电器件.     

Triethyl ammonium salt of O,O′-bis(p-tolyl)dithiophosphate, [Et3NH]+[(4-MeC6H4O)2PS2]−

Triethyl ammonium Salt of O,O′-bis(p-tolyl)dithiophosphate and O,O′-bis(m-tolyl)dithiophosphate have been obtained by reaction of p- and m-cresol, respectively with P₂S₅ in toluene and have been characterized by elemental analysis, IR, ¹H and ³¹P NMR spectroscopy. The molecular structure of O,O′-bis(p-tolyl)dithiophosphate has been determined. Crystal data: [Et₃NH]⁺[(4-MeC₆H₄O)₂PS₂]⁻: Monoclinic, P2₁/c, a=15.2441(9) ?, b=10.415(2) ?, c=3.9726(9) ?, β=91.709(7)°, V=2217.5(1) ?⁻³, Z=4.Supplementary materials Additional material available from the Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre (CCDC no. 600927 for [Et₃NH]⁺[(4-MeC₆H₄O)₂PS₂]⁻ comprises the final atomic coordinates for all atoms, thermal parameters, and a complete listing of bond distances and angles. Copies of this information may be obtained free of charge on application to The Director, 12 Union Road, Cambridge CB2 2EZ, UK (fax: +44-1223-336033; email: deposit@ccdc.cam.ac.uk or www:http://www.ccdc.cam.ac.uk).     

First-principles coexistence simulations of supercooled liquid silicon

We perform first-principles coexistence simulations of the low-density and the high-density phases of supercooled liquid silicon and find a negative slope for the coexisting line in the temperature-pressure plane. Electron density maps and electron-localization function plots of the two phases of silicon show marked differences. The calculated differences suggest more localized electrons in the low-density liquid compared to the high-density liquid, coming from an increased population of covalent bonds, which further explain the calculated negative slope in the two phase coexistence regime. This is consistent with the presence of a pseudo-gap in low-density liquid silicon, absent in the high-density liquid which shows a metallic behavior.     

Crystal structures of thecis andtrans isomers of dithiahexahydro[3.3]metacyclophane

Structures of both thecis andtrans isomers of dithiahexahydro[3.3]metacyclophane, ?C₆H₄?CH₂SCH₂?C₆H₁₀?CH₂SCH₂?, have been determined, wherecis andtrans refer to the attachments to the cyclohexane ring. Thecis form crystallizes in the monoclinic space groupP2₁/c witha=8.4299(11)Å,b=21.772(2)Å,c=8.9724(13)Å, β=116.574(11)^o, andZ=4. Thetrans isomer packs into the monoclinic space groupP2₁ witha=8.159(16)Å,b=10.185(5)Å,c=9.558(2)Å, β=112.435(18)^o, andZ=2. The cyclohexane ring of thecis isomer is in the chair conformation, while the cyclohexane of thetrans isomer is found in a twisted boat conformation.     

CTAB与SDBS对碳酸锶粒子生长形态调控及机理研究

以表面活性剂CTAB和SDBS为化学添加剂,采用化学共沉淀法对碳酸锶晶体的生长形态进行调控,成功地制备出了实心的树枝状和花瓣为空心的花状碳酸锶粉体,并用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)等分析手段对样品进行了表征;最后重点对化学添加剂可能产生的影响机理进行了初步的探讨.结果表明,CTAB和SDBS在晶体生长的过程中能起到显著的影响作用,两者对粒子分散性能的作用效果相反,而且后者对晶体(013)和(213)晶面表面能降低的贡献明显大于前者.     

Crystal structures of the cis and trans isomers of a tetrathia[3.3.3.3]cyclophane

Both the cis and trans isomers of 3,11,18,26-tetrathiatricyclo[26.2.2.1^5,9.2^13,16.1^20,24] hexatriaconta-5,7,9,20,22,24-hexene have been prepared and structurally characterized. Each of these centrosymmetric tetrathia dimers includes two cyclohexane rings in chair conformations with either 1,4-cis or 1,4-trans bonding and two meta-substituted benzene rings. The cis isomer packs into the monoclinic space group P2₁/a with a = 10.485(3)Å, b = 10.3956(18)Å, c = 14.1343(10)Å, = 105.200(13)°, Z = 2 and refined to an R factor of 0.046. The trans isomer crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2₁/c with a = 10.7217(12)Å, b = 5.6797(7)Å, c = 25.415(5)Å, = 96.001(12)°, Z = 2 and refined to an R factor of 0.043. In the cis structure each benzene ring faces a cyclohexane ring while in the trans structure the cyclohexane rings face one another.     

Crystal structure of Zn4Na(OH)6SO4Cl·6H2O

The structure of Zn₄Na(OH)₆SO₄Cl·6H₂O, a secondary mineral from Hettstedt, Germany, was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystals are hexagonal,a=8.413(8),c=13.095(24) Å, space group $P\bar 3$ , Z=2. The structure was refined to R=0.0554 and R_w=0.0903 for 970 reflections with I≥3σ(I). The structure can be described as zinc hydroxide layers perpendicular toc, from which sulfates and chlorides extend. The layers are held together by a system of hydrogen bonds involving hexaaquo Na⁺ ions which occupy the interlayer space.     

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of 5-[2-(6-bromonaphthalenyloxymethyl)]-3-(4-morpholinomethyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2(3<Emphasis Type="Italic">H</Emphasis>)-thione

Abstract  The title compound, C₁₈H₁₈BrN₃O₃S, a derivative of 1,3,4-oxadiazole, crystallizes in the triclinic space group P-1 with unit cell parameters a = 6.8731(3), b = 8.9994(4), c = 15.7099(6) ?, α = 92.779(3)°, β = 130.575(3)°, γ = 107.868(4)°, Z = 2. The dihedral angle between the mean planes of the planar naphthyl and morpholine (chair) rings with the planar oxadiazol ring is 50.1(8) and 76.8(6)°, respectively. The planar naphthyl ring is twisted 52.2(5)° with the mean plane of the morpholine ring. A group of four intermolecular close contacts are observed between a bromine atom and hydrogen atoms from the closely packed naphthyl, morpholine and oxy–methyl groups in the unit cell. These molecular interactions in concert with an additional series of π–π stacking interactions that occur between the center of gravity of the two 6-membered rings of the naphthalene group influence the twist angles of each of these three groups. A MOPAC AM1 calculation of the conformation energy of the crystal structure [226.0128(9) kcal] compared to that of the minimum energy structure after geometry optimization [29.9744(1) kcal] reveals a significantly reduced value. The twist angles of the three groups above also change after the AM1 calculation giving support to the influence of both intermolecular C–H···Br short-range interactions and Cg π–π stacking interactions on these angles which therefore play a role in stabilizing crystal packing. Graphical Abstract  Crystal structure of 5-{[(6-bromonaphthalen-2-yl)oxy]methyl}-3-(morpholin-4-ylmethyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2(3H)-thione, C₁₈H₁₈BrN₃O₃S, is reported and its geometric and packing parameters described and compared to a MOPAC computational calculation. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

电沉积法制备ZnO纳米棒阵列及其发光特性

本文以掺F的SnO2导电玻璃为基板,以硝酸锌水溶液为电解液,采用三电极恒电位体系电沉积制备ZnO纳米棒阵列,系统考察了硝酸锌浓度和沉积电位等工艺参数对ZnO纳米棒阵列的微观形貌及其发光性能的影响规律.结果表明,硝酸锌浓度和沉积电位对纳米棒阵列的形貌有显著影响,控制适宜的工艺条件可以制备出直径分布均匀、结晶性好且纯度高的六方纤锌矿ZnO纳米棒阵列.荧光光谱分析表明,电沉积制备出的ZnO纳米棒阵列在385 nm附近有一个强荧光发射峰,且发光性能稳定、对纳米棒阵列微观形貌的细微变化不敏感,使其在发光二极管和激光器等领域具有广阔的应用前景.     

Crystal structure of irisolidone from the flowers of Pueraia lobata

Irisolidone (5,7-dihydroxy-6,4′-dimethoxyisoflavone) was isolated from the flowers of Pueraia lobata and its crystal structure was examined by X-ray single crystal diffraction. The crystal structure of irisolidone is monoclinic, space group P2₁/c with a = 15.491(9) ?, b = 7.895(4) ?, c = 13.321(7) ?, β = 110.546(9)° and Z = 4. Hydrogen bonding and aromatic π–π stacking assemble the title compound into a three-dimensional networking structure.