基于点击化学反应的织物超疏水改性研究

基于巯基烯的点击化学反应,成功将γ-巯丙基三乙氧基硅烷(KH-580)与乙烯基封端的聚二甲基硅氧烷(vinyl-PDMS)接枝到织物上,制备出具有优异油水分离效果的超疏水织物。利用红外光谱、扫描电子显微镜、X-射线光电子能谱等对改性织物进行表征,并考察了其表面疏水性及油水分离性能。结果表明,得到的超疏水织物表面具有沟壑和条纹结构,接触角最高可达156°,滚动角最高可达2°。超疏水织物的油水分离效率最高为99.8%,并且在连续进行20次油水分离之后,依然保持99%的分离效率。     

用于油/水分离的环保无氟超疏水织物的制备与性能

针对目前用于油/水分离的超疏水材料普遍存在的原料不环保、不可降解、涂层耐久性差等缺点,采用简便的浸渍法,制备了一种环保、工艺简单且性能优良的超疏水材料。首先,使用水性聚氨酯（WPU）将聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯-甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯P（MMA-r-GMA）微球固定在棉织物表面,构造微纳米级粗糙结构。其次,通过水解-缩合反应,将无毒的十六烷基三甲氧基硅烷（HDTMS）与甲基三乙氧基硅烷（MTES）锚定在棉织物表面,制备得到超疏水棉织物。结果表明,改性棉织物接触角最高可达157.3（°）,滚动角为5（°）。同时具有很好的耐溶剂性,在酸碱溶液中浸泡30 min后,接触角几乎无变化。油水分离效率最高可达97.8%,即使在经过10次循环分离之后,油水分离效率仍然在95%以上。该超疏水织物具有出色的油水分离效率和优良的稳定性,可用于可持续且环保的油水分离领域。     

聚酯织物表面耐用超疏水涂层的制备及在油水分离中的应用

使用在含有甲基MQ(M:单官能团Si-O单元R₃SiO_1/2, Q:四官能团Si-O单元SiO₂)硅树脂与疏水SiO₂的二甲苯溶液中浸渍的方法,在聚酯织物表面制备了耐用超疏水涂层。经过处理后,微米级聚酯纤维表面被紧密的疏水纳米颗粒包裹,通过这种方法降低了纤维的表面能。聚酯织物展现出良好的超疏水特性,与水滴的静态接触角为156°,滚动角为5°。得到的超疏水聚酯织物在机械磨损、酸碱环境及紫外线照射条件下,表现出了良好的稳定性。此外,用超疏水聚酯织物作为过滤材料得到的油水分离效率达99%以上。该方法为大面积工业制备超疏水织物提供了新的思路。     

超疏水油水分离材料研究进展

近年来,石油泄漏和有机污染物排放对环境和生态系统造成了严重甚至不可挽回的损害,油水分离已成为一个全球性的挑战,如何处理油水混合物并将其有效分离已成为目前亟待解决的问题.许多仿生超疏水材料已被用于选择性油水分离研究,显示出诱人的应用前景.本文作者简要介绍了自然界超疏水现象以及固体表面浸润性理论,分析了材料的疏水亲油原理,重点介绍了近年来超疏水油水分离材料的研究应用进展,并对本领域的研究趋势进行了展望.     

超疏水-超亲油棉织物的制备及在油水分离中的应用

采用溶胶-凝胶法制得Zn O溶胶,以棉织物为基底,在其表面浸涂Zn O溶胶,再经辛基三甲氧基硅烷表面修饰后显示出超疏水性和超亲油性,水滴和油滴在其表面的接触角分别为152°和0°.利用棉织物表面的超疏水性和超亲油性,可以实现对油水混合物中油和水的有效分离.为防水服饰的设计、超疏水/超亲油材料的制备及在油水混合物的分离与应用提供借鉴.     

基于特殊润湿性材料的油水分离

频繁发生的石油泄漏事故以及工业含油污水的违规排放不仅造成了巨大的经济损失,而且严重破坏了人类赖以生存的生态环境。为了净化被油污染的水域,研究者们近年来开始研究出了各种特殊润湿性(如超疏水或超疏油)的材料用于实现油水分离。超疏水和超疏油可以通过设计材料表面的微观几何形貌和化学分子组成来获得。通过各种微纳制备手段使材料表现出对油和水截然相反的极端润湿性,是这类材料实现油水分离的关键所在。本文首先阐述了实现油水分离的重要意义,并介绍了材料表面润湿性的相关理论基础。根据材料对水和油所表现出的不同超疏液性与超亲液性,对油水分离材料从以下三类分别介绍：(ⅰ)超疏水/超亲油材料,(ⅱ)超疏油/超亲水材料,(ⅲ)智能响应润湿性材料。对于每一类油水分离材料,本文概括了国际上近期相关的代表性研究工作,包括材料的制备方法和实现油水分离的原理和过程,以及这些材料的主要特点和应用。最后,针对基于特殊润湿性材料实现油水分离,探讨了该研究领域目前存在的主要问题和面临的挑战,并对该领域的应用前景进行了展望。     

超亲水疏油材料的制备及其油水分离性能

含油污水的随意排放对海洋、沿海周边环境以及人类健康造成了严重的影响。传统的油水分离方法易造成环境二次污染,同时也是对有限资源的一种损耗。因此,如何高效环保地解决含油污水问题具有重要意义。物理过滤/吸附法被认为是一种高效环保的分离方法,基于仿生学原理,许多可用于物理选择性分离的超亲油疏水和超亲水疏油材料被制备出来。超亲油疏水材料易被油污染,重复利用率低;相比之下,超亲水疏油材料具有自清洁性且重复利用率高,在油水分离方面具有广阔的应用前景。根据基底材料的选择不同,本文综述了金属基以及高分子基超亲水疏油材料的研究现状,总结了其优缺点,并对今后超亲水疏油材料的研究方向和重点进行了展望。     

在不同溶剂中制备生物质基超疏水材料的研究进展

超疏水材料因具有超高的拒水性以及自清洁能力而备受关注,但是在制备过程中也因所选用溶剂和低表面能物质不同给环境带来不同程度的压力.生物质材料可再生、价格低并且绿色无污染,常用于超疏水材料的制备.本文介绍了生物质基超疏水材料的制备方法,并按照制备技术中所用溶剂不同分类,将生物质基超疏水材料分为有机溶剂型、水基/半水基型、无...     

疏水防污环氧基织物涂层的性能研究

以环氧树脂(EP)作为树脂基体,十八胺(ODA)为固化剂,通过机械搅拌和超声将聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)微粒分散在其中,制备了疏水涂覆液。通过简单的一步浸渍法,将纤维织物浸入涂覆液中一定时间后,经固化获得了疏水织物。采用接触角测量仪、扫描电子显微镜对疏水织物的润湿性、表面微观形貌进行了表征,研究了浸润时间、PTFE微粒含量对织物疏水性能的影响,确定了制备的最佳工艺条件,并研究了所制得的疏水性织物的稳定性和油水分离效率。     

聚合物基超疏水材料制备技术的研究进展

聚合物基超疏水材料由于制备工艺简单、制备方法多样,正逐步成为最主要的仿生疏水材料,为工农业生产和人们的日常生活带来极大的便利。文章综述了聚合物基超疏水材料制备技术的最新研究进展,介绍了国内外有关聚合物基超疏水材料的制备工艺和制备方法,包括模板法(生物模板法、多孔阳极氧化铝法、多孔CO2微球层模板法)、化学气相沉积法、蒸汽诱导相分离法、电纺法、激光和等离子刻蚀法等,并指出了今后超疏水材料将面临的挑战。     

Simple fabrication of superhydrophobic PLA with honeycomb-like structures for high-efficiency oil-water separation

Polylactic acid(PLA) is one of the most suitable candidates for environmental pollution treatment because of its biodegradability which will not cause secondary pollution to the environment after application.However,there is still a lack of a green and facile way to prepare PLA oil-water separation materials.In this work,a water-assisted thermally induced phase separation method for the preparation of superhydrophobic PLA oil-water separation material with honeycomb-like structures is reported.The PLA material shows great ability in application and could adsorb 27.3 times oil to its own weight.In addition,it could also be applicated as a filter with excellent efficiency(50.9 m^3 m^-2 h^-1).     

含氟环氧树脂杂化纳米二氧化硅超疏水材料的制备与性能

目前超疏水材料的制备方法大都存在着制备工艺复杂的缺点。 本文采用传统自由基聚合方法,以甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)和苯乙烯(St)为单体,合成具有交联性的前驱聚合物P(GMA-r-St)。 再用三氟乙酸(TFA)对其进行接枝改性,制备含氟环氧聚合物P(GMA-r-St)-g-TFA。 利用γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷(KH-550)改性纳米二氧化硅(SiO₂),对其进行傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、热重(TG)表征。 氨基改性的纳米二氧化硅与含氟环氧聚合物混合制备的超疏水改性材料,棉织物表面经其浸泡,可快速构建超疏水结构。 通过改变改性纳米颗粒的含量,探究其构筑的棉织物的疏水性能和耐溶剂性能。 研究结果表明,经浸泡改性的棉织物,水接触角为160°,耐溶剂性时间为130 min,具备很好的耐溶剂性。 该方法可广泛应用于多种基底材料表面的疏水改性。     

Preparation of superhydrophobic materials for oil/water separation and oil absorption using PMHS–TEOS-derived xerogel and polystyrene

Fabrication of suerhydrophobic materials towards oil/water separation and oil absorption has been receiving great attention nowadays, due to the significant increase of industrial oily wastewater and frequent accident of oil spill. In most previous studies, the usage of expensive precursors restricted the wide applications of prepared superhydrophobic materials. In this work, superhydrophobic filter paper, fabric and polyester sponges were fabricated by dip-coating the mixed solution of polystyrene and xerogels, which were prepared with tetraethoxysilane and polymethylhydrosiloxane, based on previous work. The as-fabricated fabric can effectively separate oil and water mixtures and possesses excellent reusability; more significantly, the materials maintained its good hydrophobic and excellent oil/water separation capacity even after ten cycles. Interestingly enough, the stability was provided, as a result, the fabric still exhibited superhydrophobic after 100 abrasion times and showed high repellency towards many liquids with different pH values. Additionally, the coated polyester sponges can quickly absorb various oil and organic liquid, which will offer a practical application for the treatment of seawater or oily wastewater. By contrast, this experiment process is simple and avoided using costly fluoro-chemicals or complicated fabrication process.     

Superhydrophobic and superoleophilic polyethylene aerogel coated natural rubber latex foam for oil-water separation application

The oil-water separation has made an attention due to over-increased production of oily water from the industrial process and everyday routine of humans. The current work reports on preparation and characterization of High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) aerogel coated Natural Rubber Latex foam (NRLF) with superhydrophobic and superoleophilic character, good sorption capacity for oil-water separation application and were investigated. The HDPE aerogel and the coated NRLF material was prepared by a cooling process from a solution of HDPE in xylene solvent (HDPE sole, which resulted into thermally induced phase separation of the Polyethylene molecular network). The HDPE aerogel coated NRLF displayed a porous surface morphology with particle-like structural features. The HDPE aerogel coated NRLF showed superhydrophobicity with static water contact angle >150°. The effect and recyclability of the HDPE aerogel coated NRLF for oil-water separation was investigated using different model oil solvents to explore their repeatable application in oil spill clean-up process. Modified NRLF shows an excellent mechanical property (compressibility). The average modulus and average stiffness of the modified NRLF increased with the increase of the concentration of HDPE sol. The modified superhydrophobic sponge has good durability under acid and base conditions.     

油水分离用天然材料表面化学研究进展

油水乳液和油水混合物的分离对解决工业含油废水以及原油泄漏造成的污染问题具有重要的意义.近年来应用于油水分离的超润湿材料引起了广泛的关注,并展现出良好的应用前景.本文综述了近年来利用超润湿性低成本、环保的天然材料通过过滤和吸附技术分离油水乳液和混合物的研究进展.对于每一种天然材料,如沙粒、木材、椰子壳等,介绍了代表性的研...     

Fabrication of superhydrophobic cellulose-based materials through a solution-immersion process

An industrial waterproof reagent [(potassium methyl siliconate) (PMS)] was used for fabricating a superhydrophobic surface on a cellulose-based material (cotton fabric or paper) through a solution-immersion method. This method involves a hydrogen bond assembly and a polycondensation process. The silanol, which was formed by a reaction of PMS aqueous solution with CO 2, was assembled on the cellulose molecule surface via hydrogen bond interactions. The polymethylsilsesquioxane coatings were prepared by a polycondensation reaction of the hydroxyl between cellulose and silanol. The superhydrophobic cellulose materials were characterized by FTIR spectroscopy, thermogravimetry, and surface analysis (XPS, FESEM, AFM, and contact angle measurements). Analytical characterization revealed that nanoscale roughness protuberances uniformly covered the surface, thus transforming the cellulose from superhydrophilic to superhydrophobic with a water contact angle of 157 degrees . The superhydrophobic coatings were satisfactory with regard to both chemical and mechanical durability, and because of the transparency of the coatings the native cotton fabric displayed no changes with regard to either morphology or color. The easy availability of the materials and simplicity of this method render it convenient for mass production.     

Robust superhydrophobic surface fabrication by fluorine-free method on filter paper for oil/water separation

Robust superhydrophobic surface exhibiting anti-fouling and self-cleaning ability were successfully fabricated by nano TiO2 modified by γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (KH550) and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) via wire rod coating. Due to the lower surface energy of PDMS and the hierarchical structure caused by the different aggregation sizes of TiO2 nanoparticles, the contact angle of the resulting superhydrophobic coating was 154.5° and the rolling angle was 3.5°. And the coated paper still had good non-wettability under water immersion. In addition, the coated paper was tolerant to mechanical damage and various temperature conditions. Even after 40 sandpaper wear cycles, the coating can still maintain good mechanical stability and superhydrophobicity. The superhydrophobic paper was used for oil-water separation, the separation efficiency was about 98% even after used 10 times. Furthermore, the prepared superhydrophobic paper exhibited excellent self-cleaning and anti-fouling properties, as well as demonstrated superb resistance to various water solutions owing to its high hydrophobicity. Moreover, the prepared superhydrophobic paper has application prospects in the industry of special wetting materials.