Compounds of the pyran series as components of the essential oils ofTanacetum boreale andAjania fastigiata

It has been established that the essential oils ofTanacetum boreale andAjania fastigiata contain as their main components 3-hydroxy-2,2,6-trimethyl-6-vinyltetrahydropyran and its acylated and oxidized derivatives.Institute of Chemical Sciences, Academy of Sciences of the Kazakh SSR, Alma-Ata. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 332–335, May–June, 1985.     

Phospholipids of the seeds of two species of Erysimum

Summary The phospholipid complexes of the seeds ofErysimum diffusum andE. sylvestris have been investigated. It has been found that the amount of phospholipids in the seeds ofE. diffusum is lower than in those ofE. sylvestris, but their qualitative compositions are similar. The fatty-acid compositions of the triglycerides and of the total phospholipids of the two plants investigated have been studied. It has been established that the total phospholipids of the species ofErysimum under consideration and individual fractions of them differ by the degree of saturation and the qualitative and quantitative composition of the acids that they contain and, consequently, the phospholipids present in greatest amount differ in their molecular compositions.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 623–627, September–October, 1977.     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

Phospholipid and fatty acid composition of Echinodermata. I. ClassOphiuroidea

The phospholipid compositions of five species of marine ophiuroids belonging to the classOphiuroidea have been investigated. It has been shown that the phosphatidylethanolamines contain almost solely ether bonds in the first position of the glycerophospholipids. The amount of the plasmalogen form in the phosphatidylethanolamines averages 89.8% (82.3–96.2%) and the amount of the alkyl form 9.8% (3.8–17.7%). The compositions of the fatty acids, fatty aldehydes, and alkyl ethers in the two main classes of phospholipids — phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine — have been studied. The main acids found were eicosatetraenoic and eicosapentaenoic, the total amount of which was 53%. It has been shown that the ophiuroids can be used as promising objects for the investigation of the metabolism of alkoxylipids and for their preparative isolation.Volga Basin Ecological Institute of the USSR Academy of Sciences, Tol'yatti. Translated from Khimya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 547–551, September–October, 1986.     

Fusarenon X and 7-deoxynivalenol in cultures of Fusarium graminearum isolates

It has been established that the biomass of isolates ofFusarium graminearum Schw. that form nivalenol on grain contain two of its structural analogs — 7-deoxynivalenol and 4-acetylnivalenol (fusarenon X). The substances were identified by a combination of chromatographic characteristics and the chemical-ionization mass spectra of their complete trimethylsilyl ethers. 7-Deoxynivalenol is a new, not previously described, metabolite of fusariogenic nature.All-Union Scientific-Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Moscow. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 267–272, March–April, 1991.     

Polysaccharides ofPanax ginseng

Summary 1. A polysaccharide fraction consisting of about 40% by weight of the roots has been isolated from the roots ofPanax ginseng C. A. Mey and characterized.2. It has been established that the polysaccharides of ginseng contain a glucan of the starch type and a pectin.Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, Vol. 2, No. 5, pp. 299–303, 1966     

Extractive substances ofLarix dahurica

Summary The quantitative determination of quercetin and dihydroquercetin in the total flavonoids ofLatrix dahurica has been effected by the use of thin-layer chromatography on Kapron for separating the mixture with subsequent elution of the spots and colorimetry of the eluates obtained. The methanol-dimethylformamide (1:1) system was used as the eluate. It has been found that the flavonoids of the heartwood ofLatrix dahurica contain a predominating amount, 69% of dihydroquercetin, the amount of quercetin being 11%.Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, Vol. 3, No. 5, pp. 298–301, 1967     

Polyphenols of the herb Hypericum perforatum and the preparation novoimanin

Summary 1. The herbHypericum perforatum L. has been shown by paper chromatography to contain 14 substances with a polyphenolic nature, five from the flavonoid group (identified as hyperoside, isoquercitrin, quercitrin, rutin, and quercetin), four from the dianthrone group, and five from the group of low-polarity phenolic glycosides of undetermined structure.2. The composition of the polyphenols of novoimanin has been studied. This preparation has been found to contain five substances from the group of low-polarity phenolic glycosides, which are present in considerable amounts, and nine substances from the group of flavonoids and dianthrones which are present in small amounts.3. It has been established that theH. perforatum raw material after the extraction of the novoimanin still contains a considerable amount of flavonoid compounds, and the raw material can be used for the preparation of quercetin and hyperoside.4. A spectrophotometric method for the quantitative determination of hyperoside in the herbage, stems, and flowers ofH. perforatum and in the wastes from the production of novoimanin has been developed.Kiev Institute for the Further Training of Doctors. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 363–367, May–June, 1971.     

Flavonoid compounds of Scutellaria przewalskii

Conclusions The epigeal part ofScutellaria przewalskii has been shown to contain apigenin, luteolin, scutellarein, dinatin, hispidulin, pectolinarigenin; the 7-glucosides and 7-glucuronides of apigenin, luteolin, scutellarein, and dinatin; and also the 7-glucobiosides of scutellarein, dinatin, and hispidulin; and these substances have been isolated. It has been established that the glucuronides of the flavonoids are present in the salt form.Institute of Organic Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Kirgiz SSR. Khar'kov Scientific-Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry. Zaporozhe State Pharmaceutical Institute. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 534–539, September–October, 1970.     

Structure of triterpene saponins from the roots ofGlycyrrhiza echinata

Conclusions On the basis of a physicochemical study of the saponins ofGlycyrrhiza echinata L., their molecular weights have been determined. It has been found that the two saponins are biosides of macedonic acid (saponin A) and echinatic acid (saponin B), the carbohydrate moieties of which contain L-rhamnose and D-glucuronic acid.In both saponins, the L-rhamnose is bound directly to the aglycones.Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, Vol. 5, No. 1, pp. 17–19, 1969     

Esters of Ferula karakalensis. Structure and stereochemistry of karaferin and karaferinin

Two new guaiane esters — karaferin and karaferinin — have been isolated fromFerula karakalensis, and their structures and stereochemistry have been established. It has been shown that theFerula sesquiterpene alcohols angrendiol, ugamdiol, and karaferol are biogenetically interconnected and are products of a single chain of the biogenesis of terpenoids in plants.Institute of Chemistry of Plant Substances, Uzbekistan Republic Academy of Sciences, Tashkent; Botanical Garden of Moscow State University. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 227–231, March–April, 1993.     

Seed oils of four species of the family Caprifoliaceae

Summary The fatty-acid and triglyceride compositions of the oils of the seeds of four species of Central Asian representatives of the family Caprifoliaceae have been studied. A great diversity of the fatty acids in the oil ofSambucus nigra has been established; this differs from the other oils studied by a high content of linolenic acid (more than 30%). It has been shown that the distribution of the acyl radicals in the triglycerides corresponds to the law of random distribution. All the oils contain about 1–2% of hydroxy keto acids occupying the -position in the triglycerides.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 435–439, July–August, 1974.     

Investigation of the lignin isolated fromPhragmites communis by the method of mechanical milling

Summary Two isomeric dihydrofurocoumarins — zosimin and deltoin — have been isolated from the roots ofZosimia absinthifolia, which contain 3.2% of lactones.Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, Vol. 1, No. 3, pp. 220–223, 1965     

The structure of teucrin A

Summary The structure of a new 18-norditerpenoid — teucrin A, isolated from the plantTeucrium chamaedrys L. — has been demonstrated. It has been shown that it belongs to the furolactones with a rearranged labdane skeleton.Institute of Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Moldavian SSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 31–35, January–February, 1973.     

Structure of stachysolone

Summary It has been shown that stachysolone — a bitter substance fromStachys annua L. — is a diterpenoid with a rearranged labdane hydrocarbon skeleton of the kolavane type. Structural formula (I) has been established for stachysoloneInstitute of Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Moldavian SSR. Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czechoslovakian SSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 295–299, May–June, 1972.     

Neutral lipids of the seeds of Eremostachys moluccelloides

Summary From the sum of the neutral lipids of the seeds ofE. moluccelloides we have isolated the natural di-and monoglycerides, have determined their structure, and have established that these classes of lipids contain a higher amount of saturated acids in the position than the triglycerides of the seeds.It has also been established that in the hydrolysis of natural diglycerides with the nonspecific lipase of the fungusO. lactis synthetic triglycerides are formed that differ from natural triglycerides by an increased amount of saturated acids.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Microbiology Division of the Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 44–48, January–February, 1978.     

O-acylated lignans from the wood of Abies species

Summary From the wood of the Siberian firAbies sibirica Ledeb. and the Khingan firA. nephrolepis Maxim., five new compounds have been isolated which are ester derivatives of the lignans lariciresinol, olivil, and hydroxymatairesinol.It has been established that olivil is esterified at the primary alcoholic hydroxyl by hydroxycinnamic acids — p-coumaric or ferulic — and lariciresinol is esterified by vanillic acid. A representative of the guaialignanolides — hydroxymatairesinol — is esterified at the secondary aliphatic hydroxy group with p-hydroxybenzoic or vanillic acid.Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 337–341, May–June, 1977.     

Phenolic lipid from Azotobacter chroococcum

Summary From the total cell lipids of the nitrogen-fixing bacteriumAzotobacter chroococcum 92 a previously unknown lipid has been isolated which has been identified as a 1-alkyl-3,5-dihydroxybenzene. The alkyl chains of the main components of the lipid fraction have a normal structure and contain 19 and 21 carbon atoms.M. M. Shemyakin Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, USSR, Moscow, All-Union Scientific-Research Institute of Microbiological Agents for Plant Protection and Bacterial Preparations, Moscow. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 494–499, July–August, 1977.     

Synthesis of regecoline

An improved synthesis of the quaternary homoproaporphine alkaloid regecoline from the main alkaloid ofColchicum kesselringii Rgl. — kesselringine — has been carried out by two methods: by photochemical conversion (yield 77%) and by iodine oxidation (yield 86%). It has been shown that the iodine oxidation of homoproaporphines of the kesselringine type leads to C_6a-dehydro derivatives.V. I. Lenin Tashkent State University. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 464–465, July–August, 1986.