复合酶法提取洋葱多糖的研究

本文以洋葱为原料,以多糖提取率为考察指标,用苯酚-硫酸法测定多糖的总糖含量。采用正交试验确定了纤维素酶、木瓜蛋白酶和果胶酶的最佳配比为18∶5∶10,进而采用中心组合设计对洋葱多糖的复合酶法提取工艺进行了优化。结果表明:在提取温度55℃、时间120min、pH为5.0、酶用量为0.4%、料液比为1∶40(m/V)时,洋葱多糖提取率为3.27%,多糖含量高达50.5%,实验重现性好。     

梁王茶茎皮多糖提取工艺的优化及其抗氧化活性研究

本文为优化梁王茶茎皮多糖(PND)的提取工艺,并评价其抗氧化活性,以多糖提取率为评价指标,在单因素实验的基础上采用响应面法对超声时间、超声温度和超声功率三个影响梁王茶多糖提取工艺的主要因素进行优化;再通过DPPH、ABTS自由基清除实验和FRAP法评估其抗氧化能力.结果表明,超声提取梁王茶茎皮多糖的最佳工艺条件为超声时...     

绳江蓠多糖的提取及抗氧化活性研究

本文采用NaOH水溶液对海南绳江蓠进行超声浸提制备绳江蓠粗多糖(GCP),通过单因素实验和正交试验,考察得出GCP最佳提取工艺条件为NaOH溶液质量浓度1.5%,提取温度70℃,液料比1∶40,提取时间水浴4h,超声1h,提取率为20.01%,总糖含量为26.00%。对绳江蓠粗多糖进行乙醇沉降分级纯化,得到3种多糖组分GCP20、GCP40、GCP50,凝胶渗透色谱结果表明三种组分数均分子量分别为117kDa、116kDa和113kDa。电子自旋共振法测试GCP20、GCP40、GCP50对·OH的清除活性,三种组分均有很好的自由基清除能力,20mg·mL-1GCP20的羟基清除率达81.4%。紫外可见分光光度计在734nm波长下测试GCP20、GCP40、GCP50对ABTS+·的清除活性,浓度为20mg·mL-1时,三种组分对ABTS+·清除率均接近100%,表明这三种组分均有很好的抗氧化活性。     

蒙药漏芦花多糖提取工艺及其抗氧化抗菌活性研究

本文优化了蒙药漏芦花多糖的提取工艺,并评价其抗氧化和抗菌活性。以超声功率、超声温度、超声时间和浸泡时间为影响因素,多糖提取率为评价指标,在单因素实验的基础上利用正交试验优化提取工艺,测定漏芦花多糖对DPPH自由基、羟基自由基清除效果,检测其抗氧化活性,涂布平板法测定多糖抗菌活性。超声波辅助法提取蒙药漏芦花多糖的最佳工艺条件为超声功率180W,超声温度70℃,超声时间30min,浸泡时间40min,在此条件下多糖得率为1.125%。抗氧化实验表明,漏芦花多糖浓度在0.5～2.5mg·mL~(-1)范围内,随着漏芦花多糖浓度增加,总还原能力不断增强;其体外清除DPPH自由基能力也随浓度增大而增强,清除率最高达72.98%;当多糖浓度为1.5mg·mL~(-1)时,漏芦花多糖体外清除羟基自由基能力最强,为7.24%。漏芦花多糖浓度为12.8mg·mL~(-1)时,对沙门氏菌的抑菌圈直径为9.72mm。超声法提取蒙药漏芦花多糖操作简便、准确、灵敏、重现性好,漏芦花多糖抗氧化能力良好,且对沙门氏菌有一定的抑菌效果。     

响应面法优化微波提取夏枯草多糖及其抗氧化活性

以夏枯草多糖为研究对象,在单因素实验的基础上,采用响应面法对夏枯草多糖的微波提取工艺进行优化,测定其抗氧化活性。结果表明,夏枯草多糖的最佳提取条件为:液料比29∶1(mL·g^-1),乙醇体积分数68%,微波功率295W,微波时间8min,在该条件下夏枯草多糖得率为5.28%,与理论值(5.19%)的相对误差为1.73%。在此条件下得到的多糖提取物具有较好体外抗氧化活性,对DPPH自由基、羟基自由基、超氧阴离子具有不同的清除能力,半数抑制浓度IC₅₀分别为0.58、0.49和1.19mg·mL^-1 。     

超高压提取红心火龙果果皮多糖理化特征及抗氧化活性研究

采用单因素、Box-Behnken design （BBD）试验响应面（RSM）法优化超高压提取（UPE）红龙果果皮多糖（RDFPs）工艺,以提高多糖得率.最佳工艺条件为：提取时间42.75 s,温度51.61℃,压力316.44 MPa;在修订最优条件下RDFPs的实验得率为34.31%,与预测得率（34.5%）一致.用超滤法和Sephadex G-100分子筛凝胶分离得到多糖组分RDFP-1,RDFP-2,RDFP-3,RDFP-4和RDFP-5,相对分子质量分别为7 950,16 460,49 980,145 350和193 710,并对它们的理化性质和体外抗氧化活性进行了比较研究.结果表明,RDFPs含有76.84%～84.22%的中性糖,9.64%～18.55%的糖醛酸,0.06%～0.88%的蛋白质.傅里叶红外光谱（FT-IR）和紫外（UV）光谱显示这些组分都具有多糖的特征吸收峰.RDFP-1和RDFP-4对1,1-二苯基-2-苦基肼自由基（·DPPH）、羟基自由基（·OH）和超氧阴离子自由基（·O₂^-）的清除活性显著高于其他多糖...     

垂丝海棠叶多糖的超声提取及其抗氧化性质研究

在单因素实验的基础上,采用Box-Behnken中心组合实验和响应面分析法,研究提取时间、超声波功率、液料比对垂丝海棠叶多糖含量的影响,建立影响因素与响应值之间的数学模型,确立最佳提取工艺为:提取时间20 min,液料比45∶1,超声波功率135W。抗氧化实验结果表明,在达到最大浓度0.74mg·m L-1时,垂丝海棠叶多糖(超声)、垂丝海棠叶多糖(煮沸)和Vc的对DPPH的清除率依次为79.9%,69.7%,64.8%,垂丝海棠叶多糖(超声)和垂丝海棠叶多糖(煮沸)对·OH自由基的清除率分别为60.1%、51.2%,垂丝海棠叶多糖(超声)还原Fe3+能力较强。     

山药多糖的制备及其体外抗氧化活性

提取山药粗多糖并进行精制,分析了山药多糖的单糖组成,并研究了山药多糖的体外抗氧化活性.结果表明,山药精制多糖纯度较高,由鼠李糖、阿拉伯糖、甘露糖、葡萄糖和半乳糖组成.体外抗氧化活性测试结果表明,山药多糖具有一定的还原能力,对羟自由基具有较强的清除能力,并对小鼠肝匀浆自氧化有明显的抑制作用.因此,山药多糖具有较好的抗氧化活性,可作为潜在的抗氧化剂或抗衰老药物进行深入研究和开发.     

栝楼瓤黄色素提取及其稳定性与抗氧化活性研究

以“皖蒌9号”栝楼瓤为试验材料,采用超声波辅助法及Box-Behnken中心组合设计,以栝楼瓤黄色素吸光度为指标,利用响应面法优化,探索了栝楼瓤黄色素的最佳超声提取工艺。此外,为研究其稳定性,利用DPPH^·和FRAP法测定栝楼瓤黄色素体外抗氧化活性。结果表明,栝楼瓤黄色素最佳超声提取条件为：乙醇体积分数95%,料液比1∶40 g·mL^-1,提取温度60℃。Fe³⁺金属离子与光照能显著降低栝楼瓤黄色素的稳定性;栝楼瓤黄色素具有抗氧化能力,对DPPH^·有清除作用,其IC₅₀ 为9.998 mg·mL^-1,并对Fe³⁺具有还原能力。上述研究成果可为栝楼瓤黄色素资源开发和利用提供科学依据。     

Structural properties and antioxidant activities of polysaccharide from fruit bodies of Pholiota nameko

A polysaccharide named PNP was extracted and purified from Pholiota nameko. The total sugar content of PNP was 95.29% and the molecular weight was 1.89 × 10³ kDa. The structural features of PNP were investigated by the combination of chemical and instrumental analysis such as UV spectrophotometer, specific rotation determination, FT-IR, methylisation analysis and Congo red. The results showed that the optical rotation of PNP was +120° and that it had a triple-helical structure. Besides, PNP was mainly composed of glucose and mannose at the molar ratio of 4.24:1.00. The backbone of PNP was composed of (1→3)-linked-Glc and (1→3)-linked-Man whereas the branches of (1→3,6)-linked- Glc, (1→3,6)-linked-Man and T- Glc. Consistenting with the results of UV–Vis spectra, FT-IR spectroscopy and ¹H NMR, indicated that PNP was a complex of polysaccharides and polyphenols. In vitro antioxidant results suggested that PNP was processed with certain scavenging capacity.     

Structural characterisation and ACE-inhibitory activities of polysaccharide from Gastrodia elata Blume

The structural properties and Angiotensin-I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition activities of a polysaccharide (PGE) extracted from Gastrodia elata Blume were investigated. PGE was extracted using hot water and purified by Sephadex G-200 followed by ultra-filtration. The structural characterisation of PGE was analysed by FT–IR, NMR spectroscopy, specific rotation determination, periodate oxidation-smith degradation, methylation analysis, GC–MS and Congo red test. The results revealed that PGE was composed by glucose, with an average molecular weight of 1.54 × 10³ kDa. The structure of PGE was 1→3 and 1→4,6-branched-glucopyranose that had a linear backbone of (1 → 4)-linked-d-glucopyranose (Glcp). ACE-inhibitory activity results showed that PGE was efficient to inhibit ACE and the IC₅₀ value was 0.66 mg/mL.     

Comparative Characterization and Immunomodulatory Activities of Polysaccharides Extracted from the Radix of Platycodon grandiflorum with Different Extraction Methods

Platycodon grandiflorum is an edible and medicinal plant, and polysaccharides are one of its important components. To further improve the utilization rate of P. grandiflorum, we investigated the effects of four different extraction methods, including hot water, ultrasonic-assisted, acid-assisted, and alkali-assisted extractions, on the polysaccharides, which were named PG-H, PG-U, PG-C, and PG-A. The findings indicated that the extraction method had a significant impact on the yield, characteristics, and immunoregulatory activity. We observed that the yields decreased in the following order: PG-H, PG-U, PG-C, and PG-A. Galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose, and arabinose were the most prevalent monosaccharides in the four PGs. However, their proportions varied. In addition, the difference between the content of glucose and galacturonic acid was more significant. PG-U had the highest glucose content, whereas PG-C had the lowest. Galacturonic acid content was highest in PG-A, while the lowest in PG-U. The molecular weight decreased in the order of PG-U, PG-H, PG-C, and PG-A; the particle size was in the order of PG-U, PG-A, PG-H, and PG-C. Moreover, the extraction method had a great impact on immunoregulatory activity. The ability to stimulate the immune function of macrophages was as follows: PG-A > PG-C > PG-U > PG-H. The results indicated that PGs, with lower molecular weights and higher GalA content, exhibited better immune-stimulating activity. And more important the AAE method was a good way to extract polysaccharides from Platycodon grandiflorum for use as a functional product and immunological adjuvant.     

研究报告(191~196)基于微波技术的翻白草多糖提取工艺研究

采用醇沉水提工艺,使用微波技术提取翻白草中多糖.先通过单因素分析法对提取工艺进行优选,并选取4个因素进行正交实验.得到翻白草中多糖的最优提取工艺为:先使用料液比为1∶30的乙醇进行醇沉20 min,再以液固比为70∶1的水(p H为7.0)作为提取剂,在60℃下微波提取10 min.在最优提取工艺下对翻白草不同部位(根、茎、叶)的多糖含量进行分析,发现翻白草的茎部多糖的含量最高,其次为根部和叶部.     

玉米芯碱提水溶性多糖及其硫酸酯抗病毒活性的研究

从玉米芯中,用2%NaOH提取,HCl中和,经乙醇醇析,制备碱提水溶性多糖.用氯磺酸吡啶法修饰制备多糖硫酸酯.离子色谱法测其硫酸根含量为11.23%.玉米芯多糖经硫酸化修饰后对柯萨奇病毒(Coxsackie B3Virus)有一定的抑制作用,但对人全血凝血时间无显著影响.     

固相萃取-柱后衍生-反相高效液相色谱法测定脱水蒜粉中的亚硫酸盐

建立了测定脱水蒜粉中亚硫酸盐含量的柱后衍生-反相高效液相色谱分析方法.样品用HCl/甘露醇缓冲溶液提取,经固相萃取(SPE)小柱净化本底并富集待测物后,与甲醛缓冲液反应生成稳定的化合物羟甲基磺酸盐,采用高效液相色谱柱及柱后衍生分离,紫外检测器检测,外标法定量.色谱柱为:Agila Venusil MP-C18(4.6 mm×250 mm),流动相为0.005 mol/L四丁基氢氧化铵离子溶液(pH 4),检测波长为450 nm,结果表明,检出限为2.0 mg/kg,在0.1～10.0 μg/mL范围内线性关系良好,相关系数R2=0.9998,样品添加回收率为86.5%～97.6%,RSD为2.2%～4.0%(n=5).     

Isolation of Garlic Bioactives by Pressurized Liquid and Subcritical Water Extraction

Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is widely used in various food products and traditional medicine. Besides unique taste and flavour, it is well known for its chemical profile and bioactive potential. The aim of this study was to apply subcritical water extraction (SWE) and pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) for the extraction of bioactive compounds from the Ranco genotype of garlic. Moreover, PLE process was optimized using response surface methodology (RSM) in order to determine effects and optimize ethanol concentration (45–75%), number of cycles (1–3), extraction time (1–3 min) and temperature (70–110 °C) for maximized total phenols content (TP) and antioxidant activity evaluated by various in vitro assays. Furthermore, temperature effect in SWE process on all responses was evaluated, while allicin content (AC), as a major organosulphur compound, was determined in all samples. Results indicated that PLE provided tremendous advantage over SWE in terms of improved yield and antioxidant activity of garlic extracts. Therefore, high-pressure processes could be used as clean and green procedures for the isolation of garlic bioactives.     

芦荟多糖的光度测定新方法

研究了以茜素红分光光度法测定芦荟多糖的含量,探讨了最佳实验条件及干扰因素的影响.在水中,茜素红和芦荟多糖形成有色物质,检测波长为516 nm和325 nm,对应的线性方程分别为:A=0.0121ρ 0.0288,R2=0.9990和A=0.0109ρ 0.0441,R2=0.9992.在0～60.00 μg/mL范围内呈现良好的线性关系,采用该方法对芦荟鲜叶和芦荟制品中的多糖进行分析,平均加标回收率为96.85%,相对标准偏差≤5.0%.     

Optimization of extraction process and characterization of water-soluble polysaccharide (Galactomannan) from Algerian biomass; Citrullus colocynthis seeds

In this work, the optimization of extraction of polysaccharides from Citrullus colocynthis curd polysaccharides (CCPs) is investigated by using the analysis of variance. For this aim, a chemical extraction method has been developed in order to be able to isolate CCPs at high level of purity. The extraction was performed by using boiling water at different extraction times (30, 60 and 120?min), extraction temperatures (50, 75 and 100°C), and a material ratio (30, 60 and 100?g/ml), for maximum polysaccharide extraction. The 3-D response surface plot and the contour plot derived from the mathematical models are used to determine the optimal conditions. The optimum extraction conditions are as follows: extraction temperature 100°C, extraction time 120?min and the ratio of water 30?ml/g. Under these conditions, the experimental final mass is 210.6?mg which is very close to the predicted value (209.46?mg) with a regression coefficient of 94.01%. In addition, the existence of the polysaccharide has been confirmed by the characterization of the galactomannan obtained from C. colocynthisis obtained by Fourier transform infrared-attenuated total reflection, IR-Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction.