The Role of Vanadia for the Selective Oxidation of Benzyl Alcohol over Heteropolymolybdate Supported on Alumina

A series of 12-molybdophosphoric acid (MPA) supported on V2O5 dispersed γ-Al2O3 catalysts with different vanadia loadings were prepared by impregnation and characterized by N2 adsorption-desorption,X-ray diffraction,temperature-programmed reduction,in situ laser Raman spectroscopy,UV-Vis diffused reflectance spectroscopy,scanning electron microscopy,and temperature-programmed desorption of NH3 techniques.Their catalytic activities were evaluated for the vapor phase aerobic oxidation of benzyl alcohol.The catalysts exhibited high catalytic activity and the conversion of benzyl alcohol depended on the vanadia content while the catalyst with 15 wt％ V2O5 content showed optimum activity.The characterization results suggest the presence of well-dispersed V2O5 and partially disintegrated Keggin ions of MPA on the support.In situ Raman studies showed a reduced Mo(IV) species when the catalysts were calcined at high temperatures.The high oxidation activity of the catalysts is related to the synergistic effect between MPA and V2O5.     

TiO2-ZrO2复合氧化物负载的氧化钒催化剂用于丙烷氧化脱氢反应

 丙烷氧化脱氢反应制备丙稀酸，丙烯醛，由于其巨大的工业价值而成为催化领域研究的热点。该反应也可分为两步实现。即先由丙烷到丙烯，再由丙烯到丙稀酸，丙烯醛。后一步已成功的实现工业化，在低温下( £350℃)，使用钒基催化剂，丙稀酸，丙烯醛的产率可高达80%以上。但是，对于前一步，使用迄今为止最有效的V-Mg-O催化剂，在550℃的高温下，丙烯的产率仅为20%。而在如此高的温度下，在紧接着的第二步反应中，大部分的丙烯会直接转化为深度氧化产物（CO2, H2O）。所以，制备一种能在低温下有效实现丙烷氧化脱氢反应制丙烯的催化剂是由丙烷制备高产率的丙稀酸，丙烯醛的另一种途径。\r\n 催化剂V2O5/TiO2最显著的特点是它具有较高的低温催化活性。但是，作为载体材料，TiO2有一些缺点，如比表面较小，热稳定性较差，机械性能较低，抗磨损性较差等。相比之下，载体ZrO2就具有许多TiO2所不具备的优点。第一，ZrO2具有很大的比表面积（＞300m2/g），并且在高温下它也能保持较高的比表面积。第二，ZrO2的热稳定性，机械性能和抗磨损性都较好。第三，金属氧化物在ZrO2表面能够得到很好的分散。第四，ZrO2非常稳定，在烷烃氧化脱氢反应的条件下是惰性的，不参加反应。所以，如果向TiO2中掺杂ZrO2进行改性，能极大的提高其载体的表面积，热稳定性，机械性能和抗磨损性。那么复合载体TiO2-ZrO2很可能成为在低温下丙烷氧化脱氢制丙烯的极有潜力的催化剂载体材料。在本文中，我们采用溶胶-凝胶法，用廉价的无机盐作为初始材料制备了一系列不同TiO2/ZrO2质量比的TiO2-ZrO2复合氧化物作为催化剂载体并研究了这些催化剂用于丙烷氧化脱氢反应的催化活性。     

负载型金催化剂催化乙醇选择氧化反应

选择不同氧化物(Al2O3,SiO2,TiO2,MgO)和H-ZSM-5分子筛作为载体,以尿素为沉淀剂,采用沉积-沉淀法制备了一系列负载型金催化剂.采用X射线衍射、电感耦合等离子体发射光谱、程序升温还原、NH3程序升温脱附和透射电镜等技术对催化剂样品进行了表征,并测定了催化剂对乙醇选择氧化反应的催化性能.选择Au/Al2O3催化剂,考察了金负载量、反应条件(温度、压力、时间)和添加剂对乙醇选择氧化反应的影响.结果表明,所制备的Au/Al2O3催化剂的金负载率较高,金粒子较小(3～4 nm)且分布均匀.载体对金催化剂催化乙醇氧化反应有显著影响,主要产物为乙醛、乙酸乙酯和缩醛.以TiO2为载体时,乙醇转化率较高.以Al2O3为载体时,乙酸乙酯选择性较高;少量碱性添加剂可抑制缩醛的生成,并可提高乙醇转化率和乙酸乙酯选择性.在优化的条件下,乙醇转化率可达4.7%,乙酸乙酯选择性可达93.5%.     

负载型MoOx和VOx催化剂上二甲醚选择氧化制甲醛反应

 考察了负载型MoOx和VOx催化剂上二甲醚选择氧化制甲醛反应的性能. 结果表明,两类催化剂在低温(240~320 ℃)下都具有良好的催化性能,VOx催化剂比MoOx催化剂所需的反应温度低,300 ℃下在VOx/γ-Al2O3催化剂上二甲醚转化率可达20%,甲醛选择性可达70%. 载体对催化剂性能有较大的影响,对于VOx催化剂,使用酸性载体时二甲醚转化率和甲醛选择性更高. 催化剂的稳定性较好, 反应17 h后,VOx/γ-Al2O3催化剂上未检测到有积碳生成.     

Selective Oxidation of Isobutane to Methacrylic Acid over Supported V-Mo-P Based Composite Oxide Catalysts

Heteropolyacid, the most popular catalyst for the direct oxidation of isobutane, exhibits high catalytic activity, poor thermal stability and a short lifetime. Therefore, the catalyst requires further research to improve its performance. Catalysts composed of mixed oxides (V2O5, P2O5, or MoO3) supported on silica were prepared by the sol-gel method to catalyze the reaction. Results of XRD, IR, and BET corroborated that the mixed oxides were dispersed homogeneously on the surface of support. The activity of lattice oxygen in the catalysts was studied by TPR, and the chemisorption property of isobutane on the surface of the catalysts was investigated by the TPD method. H2-TPR of the catalysts revealed that the lattice oxygen of the vanadium-based catalysts is more active than that of the molybdenum-based catalysts. The redox property of V or Mo species is slightly affected by other compositions of the series catalysts. The TPD curves illustrate that there are two kinds of adsorptive species of isobutane on     

Partial Oxidation of Butane to Syngas over Nickel Supported Catalysts Modified by Alkali Metal Oxide and Rare-Earth Metal Oxide

There are abundant supplies of mixture gases containing CH4, C2H6, C3H8 and C4H10, etc. from FCC (Fluidized Catalytic Cracking) tail gas, refinery gas, etc. Commonly, the mixture gases are primarily combusted to carbon dioxide because the complete separation of CH4, C2H6, C3H8 and C4H10, respectively, from the mixture gases may not be economical. Provided that syngas (CO+H2) could be produced from the mixture gases over nickel supported catalysts with high selectivity and conversion,…     

Ni系列催化剂上甲烷直接氧化制合成气

采用固定床流动反应装置，考察负载型Ｎｉ系列催化剂在甲烷直接氧化制合成气反应上的催化活性．空速为５．０×１０５ｈ－１，ＣＨ４／Ｏ２＝２条件下，不同Ｎｉ含量的催化剂中，１５％Ｎｉ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３活性较好．利用ＴＰＤ和ＸＲＤ技术将催化剂引发温度与催化剂组成进行关联，并在７００℃下考察空速对催化性能的影响．随着空速的增加，ＣＨ４的转化率增加，７．０×１０５ｈ－１时达到最大，与此同时，ＣＯ的选择性一直增加．实验结果说明在非平衡体系中，ＣＯ和Ｈ２是由ＣＨ４直接转化而来，ＣＯ２是ＣＯ深度氧化的产物，在此基础上对催化剂过程的机理作了初步的探讨．     

Catalysis of Ethanol Decomposition over Rare Earth Oxide Supported Vanadia

Supported vanadia systems synthesized by the excess solvent technique were characterized by different analytical methods. The selective oxidation activity of the system was examined towards the decomposition of ethanol.     

Ammonia Oxidation over Conventional Combustion Catalysts

The combustion of ammonia in air over different conventional oxidation catalysts has been studied in the present work. The final oxidation product is NO, although N₂O is also formed at intermediate temperatures. The environmentally desirable product, N₂, is only appreciably yielded over iron oxides catalysts.     

Methane Dry Reforming over Alumina Supported Co Catalysts

A series of Co/γ-Al2O3 catalysts were prepared with the impregnation .method and characterized by means of the BET specific surface area, X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Laser Raman spectroscopy. The Co/γ-Al2O3 catalysts were activated by using H2, 20%CH4/H2 or CH4, re-spectively. There was no obvious difference between the activities of the Co/γ-Al2O3 catalyst activated by us-ing the different activation methods for methane dry reforming. The catalytic properties of the Co/γ-Al2O3 catalysts with different Co loadings were also investigated. The optimized Co loading for the Co/γ-Al2O3 cata-lyst pretreated with 20% CH4/H2 is around 12% (mass fraction).     

酸化膨润土负载金催化剂用于CO氧化

用盐酸和硫酸对膨润土（Ben）进行改性处理,采用浸渍法（IMP）、沉积-沉淀法（DP）和阳离子吸附法(CA)制备改性膨润土负载的金催化剂,以CO氧化作为探针反应对催化剂的催化性能进行了研究,采用BET、XRD、TEM和TPD等对催化剂进行表征。 结果表明,经过简单的酸处理后的膨润土比表面积和孔体积有了大幅度的提高,硫酸酸化的膨润土作为载体较之盐酸酸化土更容易得到活性较高的金催化剂,XRD粒径计算结果和TEM观察结果证明,硫酸酸化的膨润土作为载体相比盐酸酸化土可以得到Au颗粒度更小的催化剂。 不同制备方法中,阳离子吸附法能较好的将Au负载于膨润土载体上,得到小颗粒的金催化剂,且在吸附48 h、450 ℃焙烧、150 ℃下H2还原的预处理条件下得到的催化剂活性最好。     

活性炭负载杂多酸催化剂的研究进展

介绍了以活性炭为载体的负载型杂多酸催化剂的研究进展,包括制备方法、影响负载量的因素、负载催化剂的性质、吸附模型和脱附作用。总结了杂多酸在活性炭上的吸附形态研究以及杂多酸与活性炭表面含氧基团的化学键合作用的研究成果,展望了该催化剂未来的研究方向。     

担载钒氧化物催化剂对丙烷选择氧化性能

用等体积浸渍法制备了SBA-15担载的钒基氧化物催化剂,使用X射线衍射（XRD）分析、氮气吸附、紫外激光拉曼、傅里叶变换红外（FTIR）光谱和紫外-可见漫反射（UV-Vis DRS）光谱对催化剂的结构进行了表征,并评价了催化剂对丙烷选择氧化的活性与选择性.实验结果表明SBA-15载体对丙烷选择氧化的活性优于常规的SiO₂载体.SBA-15担载的低载量催化剂是高分散的催化剂体系,在低钒载量（n（V）/n（Si）<2.5%）时,催化剂具有规则的六方介孔结构.低钒载量（n（V）/n（Si）<0.1%）时,隔离四配位的钒氧化物是丙烷选择氧化生成醛类化合物的活性物种;高钒载量（n（V）/n（Si）>2.5%）时,聚合六配位的钒氧化物和微晶钒氧化物是丙烷脱氢或深度氧化的活性物种.     

Selective Oxidation of Isobutane to Methacrylic Acid over Supported V-Mo-P Based

Heteropolyacid, the most popular catalyst for the direct oxidation of isobutane, exhibits high catalytic activity, poor thermal stability and a short lifetime. Therefore, the catalyst requires further research to improve its performance. Catalysts composed of mixed oxides (V2O5, P2O5, or MoO3) supported on silica were prepared by the sol-gel method to catalyze the reaction. Results of XRD, IR, and BET corroborated that the mixed oxides were dispersed homogeneously on the surface of support. The activity of lattice oxygen in the catalysts was studied by TPR, and the chemisorption property of isobutane on the surface of the catalysts was investigated by the TPD method. H2-TPR of the catalysts revealed that the lattice oxygen of the vanadium-based catalysts is more active than that of the molybdenum-based catalysts. The rcdox property of V or Mo species is slightly affected by other compositions of the series catalysts. The TPD curves illustrate that there are two kinds of adsorptive species of isobutane on the surface of the V and Mo based catalysts. The adsorbing species on the VMoP/SiO2 catalyst are identical to the main adsorbing species on VP/SiO2 and MoP/SiO2. The catalyst VMoP/SiO2 is more active than others in the selective oxidation of isobutane.     

负载型La-Sr-Cu系复合氧化物催化剂用于CO氧化

 采用柠檬酸盐法经650 ℃焙烧制备了莫来石负载的具有K2NiF4型结构的A2BO4型复合氧化物La2-xSrxCuO4 (0.4≤x≤1.0), 用XRD和SEM考察了该系列氧化物的晶体结构和形貌特征. 在固定床微型反应器中于含氧的CO气氛中测试了催化剂对CO氧化的催化活性; 结果表明反应的起燃温度低,当x=0.8～1.0时催化剂具有良好的CO氧化活性,在300 ℃时CO的转化率可达100%. 在流化床反应器中以此催化剂作为CO助燃剂对积炭的催化裂化待生剂CRC-1进行的再生实验结果表明,当x=0.8时催化剂的助燃活性最高,CO2/CO比值R可达488, CO的相对转化率 可达99.5%.     

Modeling of Reaction Mechanism for the Selective Oxidation of Propylene to Acetone over V2O5/TiO2 Catalysts

Titania supported vanadia catalyst exhibits the high activity for the selective oxidation of propylene to acetone. The rate for the formation of acetone at 463 K was determined to be 98 μmol g^-1 min^-1, corresponding to the TOF of 2×l0^-3 s^-1. Kinetic results show that the reaction exhibits the first order to propylene, zeroth order to oxygen and 0.5th order to water at 383-433 K. XRD, UV-visible spectra and oxygen chemisorption reveal that the highly dispersed polyvanadates are the main vanadium species on titania. FT-IR and microcalorimetric studies for NH₃ adsorption indicate that the polyvanadates on the surface of V₂O₅/TiO₂ catalyst produced the Brönsted acid sites with the initial heat of 104 kJ/mol. The initial heats for adsorption of propylene, water, isopropanol, acetone and oxygen on V₂O₅/TiO₂ catalyst are 104,88,53,106,and 416 kJ/mol,respectively.     

Revealing the Active Species for Aerobic Alcohol Oxidation by Using Uniform Supported Palladium Catalysts

The active species in supported metal catalysts are elusive to identify, and large quantities of inert species can cause significant waste. Herein, using a stoichiometrically precise synthetic method, we prepare atomically dispersed palladium–cerium oxide (Pd₁/CeO₂) and hexapalladium cluster–cerium oxide (Pd₆/CeO₂), as confirmed by spherical‐aberration‐corrected transmission electron microscopy and X‐ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy. For aerobic alcohol oxidation, Pd₁/CeO₂ shows extremely high catalytic activity with a TOF of 6739 h^?1 and satisfactory selectivity (almost 100 % for benzaldehyde), while Pd₆/CeO₂ is inactive, indicating that the true active species are single Pd atoms. Theoretical simulations reveal that the bulkier Pd₆ clusters hinder the interactions between hydroxy groups and the CeO₂ surface, thus suppressing synergy of Pd‐Ce perimeter.     

Nanostructured Vanadium Oxide Model Catalysts for Selective Oxidation Reactions

Controlled synthesis based on spectroscopic characterization, structure, and catalytic performance of mesoporous silica SBA‐15‐supported vanadium oxide model catalysts (see TEM image) are reviewed. The effect of water on the structure and dispersion of highly dispersed vanadium oxide is discussed in the light of recent results in multiple in situ spectroscopy.

     

载体对负载型金催化剂上甲醛催化氧化的影响

采用沉积.沉淀法和氨水络合法制备了Al2O3,TiO2,CeO2和SiO2负载的纳米金催化剂,利用元素分析、x射线衍射、氮气物理吸附、程序升温还原、透射电镜和拉曼光谱等技术对催化剂进行了表征,并考察了其低温催化甲醛氧化活性.结果表明,Au/CeO2的催化性能最佳,在40℃时甲醛转化率仍能保持在80%以上.催化剂的活性同时受Au的化学状态和载体性质的影响.Au/CeO2催化剂较高的低温活性可能与离子态的Au物种有关,同时AuxCe1-xO2-δ固溶体的形成产生了大量的氧缺位,提高了氧的活化能力,也有助于提高催化剂的低温活性.