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1.
钙钛矿型La0.8Sr0.2FeO3中的晶格氧用于甲烷选择氧化制取合成气 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
用自燃烧法制备了钙钛矿型La0.8Sr0.2FeO3催化剂.用H2-TPR考察了催化剂表面的氧消耗过程,用程序升温表面反应(TPSR)研究了甲烷与催化剂表面氧物种的反应,用在线质谱脉冲反应和甲烷/氧切换反应研究了催化剂的晶格氧选择氧化甲烷制合成气.结果表明,催化剂上存在两种氧物种,无气相氧存在时,强氧化性氧物种首先将甲烷氧化为CO2和H2O;而后提供的氧化性较弱的晶格氧具有良好的甲烷部分氧化选择性,可将甲烷氧化为合成气CO和H2(选择性可达95%以上).在900℃下的CH4/O2切换反应结果表明,甲烷能与La0.8Sr0.2FeO3中的晶格氧反应选择性地生成CO和H2,失去晶格氧的La0.8-Sr0.2FeO3能与气相氧反应恢复其晶格氧.在合适的反应条件下,用La0.8Sr0.2FeO3催化剂的晶格氧代替分子氧按Redox模式实现甲烷选择氧化制合成气是可能的. 相似文献
2.
La0.6Sr0.4Co0.8Fe0.2O3钙钛矿复合氧化物的柠檬酸盐法合成与导电性能 总被引:6,自引:6,他引:6
采用柠檬酸盐法合成出La0.6Sr0.4Co0.8Fe0.2O3钙钛矿复合氧化物超细粉料,考查了各种影响溶胶与凝胶的形成以及合成粉料晶体结构与颗粒形态的因素,并确定了最佳的合成条件。研究了烧成温度对La0.6Sr0.4Co0.8Fe0.2O3电导率的影响,发现1200℃是最合适的烧成温度。研究结果表明,在室温~900℃范围内,样品的电导率在600℃附近出现峰值(~103S·cm-1),在低温段样品的导电行为符合小极化子导电机制,不同烧成温度的样品的导电活化能基本一致(5.31~5.79kJ·mol-1)。与常规固相合成法相比,柠檬酸盐法合成的La0.6Sr0.4Co0.8Fe0.2O3具有更高的烧结活性和电导率。 相似文献
3.
Combustion catalysts La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 supported on γ-Al2O3, α-Al2O3, cordierite (2MgO•2Al2O3•5SiO2) and ZrO2 were compared. Further investigation was focused on LSM/ γ-Al2O3 catalyst. It was observed that LSM/γ-Al2O3 catalyst loaded with 20% (mass fraction) LSM (La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 or corresponding oxides), heated at 750℃ or above, perovskite-type oxides were found by XRD examination, whereas, the same catalyst loaded with 10% or less LSM, perovskite oxides were absent, calcination temperature about 750℃ is necessary for the formation of perovskite structure in LSM/γ-Al2O3 catalysts. High activity of complete oxidation of xylen will be obtained when perovskite-type oxides.
Investigation of TPR showed that neat LSM or LSM/γ-Al2O3(20%) was reduced by H2-N2 mixed gas. Two degradation processes took place. In the first, reduced temperature peak was about 350 - 450℃. If reduction ended at 400℃, perovskite structure was retained, which may be due to the reduction of Mn3+to Mn2+ on the surface of LSM only. In the second process, perovskite structure was destroied, and La2O3, Mn2O3, Mn - Sr - O oxides could be obtained, which took place in the temperature range 685 - 750℃ and ended at 800℃. This was proved by TPR experiments (Fig. 3, 5) and XRD patterns (Fig. 4)
Catalysts LSM/γ-Al2O3(10% or 20%) heated at 500℃ have only one TPR peak, i. e. lower temperature peak. This is due to the absence of perovskite-type oxides in the catalysts. However, neat LSM or LSM/γ-Al2O3(20%) heated 750℃ or above, not only the first low temperature TPR peak but also the second peak, which is contributed by the perovskite-type oxides in these catalysts appeared. Therefore, the second TPR peak, i. e. the higher temperatue peak is a characteristic peak for perovskite-type oxides in the reduced process. When LSM/ γ-Al2O3 (10%) catalys is heated at 750℃, no perovskite-type oxides were detected by XRD, and the second reduction peak was absent also in TPR process. \
The order of the second reduction peak temperature(characteristic peak of perovskite - type ox- ides) is: neat LSM(750℃)> LSM/γ-Al2O3 20% (685-698℃) -deposited LSM/γ-Al2O3 (698℃) > LSM/γ-Al2O3 15% (677 - 680℃) >(LSM/γ-AL2O3 10% 620 - 630℃, for Mn - Al - O medium oxides on surface). It is correleted with the increasing of the effect of support sequentially.
When LSM/γ-Al2O3 catalysts were heated at 900℃, more stable phase, spinel MnAl2O4 appeared, which could be proved by TPR of model catalyst MnAl2O4/γ-Al2O3. 相似文献
Investigation of TPR showed that neat LSM or LSM/γ-Al2O3(20%) was reduced by H2-N2 mixed gas. Two degradation processes took place. In the first, reduced temperature peak was about 350 - 450℃. If reduction ended at 400℃, perovskite structure was retained, which may be due to the reduction of Mn3+to Mn2+ on the surface of LSM only. In the second process, perovskite structure was destroied, and La2O3, Mn2O3, Mn - Sr - O oxides could be obtained, which took place in the temperature range 685 - 750℃ and ended at 800℃. This was proved by TPR experiments (Fig. 3, 5) and XRD patterns (Fig. 4)
Catalysts LSM/γ-Al2O3(10% or 20%) heated at 500℃ have only one TPR peak, i. e. lower temperature peak. This is due to the absence of perovskite-type oxides in the catalysts. However, neat LSM or LSM/γ-Al2O3(20%) heated 750℃ or above, not only the first low temperature TPR peak but also the second peak, which is contributed by the perovskite-type oxides in these catalysts appeared. Therefore, the second TPR peak, i. e. the higher temperatue peak is a characteristic peak for perovskite-type oxides in the reduced process. When LSM/ γ-Al2O3 (10%) catalys is heated at 750℃, no perovskite-type oxides were detected by XRD, and the second reduction peak was absent also in TPR process. \
The order of the second reduction peak temperature(characteristic peak of perovskite - type ox- ides) is: neat LSM(750℃)> LSM/γ-Al2O3 20% (685-698℃) -deposited LSM/γ-Al2O3 (698℃) > LSM/γ-Al2O3 15% (677 - 680℃) >(LSM/γ-AL2O3 10% 620 - 630℃, for Mn - Al - O medium oxides on surface). It is correleted with the increasing of the effect of support sequentially.
When LSM/γ-Al2O3 catalysts were heated at 900℃, more stable phase, spinel MnAl2O4 appeared, which could be proved by TPR of model catalyst MnAl2O4/γ-Al2O3. 相似文献
4.
采用燃烧法制备了Sr掺杂钙钛矿型氧化物La1-xSrxFeO3(x=0,0.3,0.5,0.9)载氧体,对载氧体分别进行X射线衍射、扫描电镜和H2程序升温还原反应表征,在热重循环装置和固定床反应装置上考察甲烷与载氧体晶格氧的部分氧化反应.结果表明,La1-xSrxFeO3氧化物中的晶格氧适用于甲烷部分氧化制合成气,晶格氧的得失是一个可逆过程,Sr的掺杂提高了载氧体的供氧能力,5次循环后载氧体得失晶格氧的能力没有明显的衰减.从甲烷转化率、n(H2)/n(CO)比以及H2和CO的选择性等方面来考虑,x=0.3-0.5比较理想,甲烷转化率维持在70%左右,气体产物中n(H2)/n(CO)约为2,CH4没有发生明显的裂解. 相似文献
5.
以La0.8Sr0.2Fe0.9CO0.1O3钙钛矿氧化物作氧载体,采用连续流动反应和连续顺序Redox反应考察了氧物种氧化甲烷的反应性能.结果表明,连续流动反应中La0.8Sr0.2Fe0.9CO0.1O3氧化物的氧物种能选择氧化甲烷生成合成气.在适宜的再氧化条件下,通过连续顺序Redox反应实现了La0.8Sr0.2Fe0.9CO0.1O3氧化物的氧物种氧化甲烷连续生成合成气,消耗的氧物种可通过与气相氧反应而得到补充.但随着Redox反应的进行,氧化物的持续供氧性能下降,钙钛矿结构被破坏. 相似文献
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以La(NO3)3·6H2O, Sr(NO3)2, Co(NO3)2·6H2O为原料, 用EDTA作为胶溶剂, 采用溶胶-凝胶法制备La0.8Sr0.2CoO3纳米粉体. 利用TG-DTA, FT-IR, XRD, TEM等技术手段对凝胶制备过程、热分解机制、粉体形貌进行了研究, 并探讨了最佳的煅烧温度. 研究结果表明, 溶胶-凝胶法可以制得均一钙钛矿结构的La0.8Sr0.2CoO3氧化物, 最佳热处理温度为700 ℃, 粒径约为20 nm. 相似文献
8.
La0.8Sr0.2Fe1-xScxO3-δ催化剂的制备、表征及甲烷催化燃烧性能 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用甘氨酸-硝酸盐溶液燃烧法制备了钙钛矿型氧化物催化剂La0.8Sr0.2Fe1-xScxO3-δ (LSFS, x=0, 0.3,0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.8, 1), 利用X射线衍射(XRD)、H2程序升温还原(H2-TPR)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和比表面积测试等手段对催化剂进行了系统表征, 并在常压微型固定床反应器上考察了催化剂对甲烷燃烧的催化性能. 结果表明, 经空气气氛下900 °C煅烧5 h制备的LSFS均具有单一的钙钛矿结构, 在La0.8Sr0.2FeO3-δ (LSF)中掺杂Sc有助于改善催化剂的抗烧结性能, 提高催化剂的比表面积. 当LSF 中的Sc 掺杂量为0.4-0.6 时, 所形成的LSFS表现出良好的甲烷催化燃烧活性, 其中Sc 掺杂量为0.5 时, 其起燃温度(T10)和完全转化温度(T90)分别为406和563 °C, 与La0.8Sr0.2FeO3-δ和La0.8Sr0.2ScO3-δ相比, T10分别降低了14和87 °C; T90分别降低了59和95 °C. 相似文献
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铈基复合氧化物中晶格氧用于甲烷部分氧化制合成气 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
采用共沉淀法制备了Ce-M-O氧载体(M=Fe、Mn、Cu),并进行了XRD表征。研究了Ce-M-O中晶格氧部分氧化甲烷制合成气的反应。考察了再生时间、再生温度对氧载体部分氧化甲烷性能的影响。研究结果表明, Ce-Fe-O固溶体中的晶格氧适于部分氧化甲烷制合成气。在新鲜的Ce Fe O氧载体上存在少量的强氧化物种,导致开始阶段大部分甲烷被完全氧化,然后该氧载体能均匀地释放出具有高选择性的体相晶格氧将甲烷氧化为CO和H2。通过对氧载体再生条件的控制,可以有效提高目标产物的选择性,当再生温度为850℃,再生时间为7min时, 获得了最大的CO(96.68%)和H2(97.56%)选择性,同时H2与CO摩尔比达到2.02。在无气相氧存在下,用Ce-Fe-O中晶格氧实现甲烷部分氧化制合成气的方法是可行的。 相似文献
11.
Mesoporous SBA-15 with mesopore diameter up to 10.1 nm was prepared by a hydrothermal method, and was further functionalized to obtain different surface properties. Thus-prepared SBA-15 was employed as a template to synthesize rhombohedrally crystallized mesoporous La0.8Sr0.2CoO3 perovskite via a nanocasting method. The surface properties of the SBA-15 were adjusted by treatment with concentrated hydrochloric acid, trimethylchlorosilane (TMCS), and 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES). A series of characterization techniques verified that all the synthesized templates possessed ordered two-dimensional hexagonal mesoporous structure, and the surface was successfully modified with methyl and amino groups. The mesoporous perovskite structure was formed in the samples and the surface properties of SBA-15 significantly influenced the structure and properties of La0.8Sr0.2CoO3 perovskite oxides. Wide-angle X-ray diffraction patterns suggested that the modified silica templates were conducive to the formation of pure perovskite frameworks with good crystallinity. The catalysts also possessed mesoporous structure, as confirmed by small-angle XRD patterns, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy images, and nitrogen adsorption analysis. Moreover, the La0.8Sr0.2CoO3 materials synthesized using surface-functionalized templates exhibited relatively higher catalytic activity and stability in CO oxidation. Complete CO conversion could be achieved at 140℃ using the thus-prepared La0.8Sr0.2CoO3 materials, and no significant loss in catalytic activity was observed after 100 h of on-stream reaction experiments. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, H2 temperature-programmed reduction, and O2 temperature-programmed desorption experiments revealed that the existence of Co4+, Sr enrichment in the perovskite structure, and high content of adsorbed oxygen species play a critical role in the enhanced catalytic activity of the catalysts. We also proposed the possible reasons for the effect of surface properties of the silica templates on the structure and properties of the La0.8Sr0.2CoO3 nanomaterials. 相似文献
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晶格氧用于甲烷氧化制合成气的研究:—氧化铁的氧化还原性能 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
制备了氧化铁剂,对其进行了程序升温实验(O2-TPD、空气-TPO和CH4-TPR)和不同温度下的多次CH4-空气脉冲循环反应,并对催化剂进行了XRD表征,研究结果表明,Fe2O3不仅具有较高的稳定性,还具有良好的氧化还原性能,可使CH4氧化为CO2和H2O。在750-850℃范围内,Fe2O3具有良好的提供晶格氧的能力;在900℃以上,供氧速度减慢,供氧和补氧能力明显降低,XRD测试结果表明,高于900℃时,脉冲空气不能将与脉冲CH4反应后的氧化铁氧化为Fe2O3晶格,导致了氧化铁供氧量下降。 相似文献
14.
化石燃料的使用排放了大量CO2,对气候和环境造成了日益严重的危害.固体氧化物电解池(SOEC)能够利用可再生能源产生的电能将CO2高效转化成CO,降低CO2排放的同时,又能减少化石燃料的使用,近年来受到研究者的广泛关注.相比于低温液相CO2电还原,SOEC高的运行温度保证了其较高的反应速率,即较高的电流密度.典型的SOEC单电池由多孔阴极、致密电解质和多孔阳极以三明治的方式组装而成.CO2分子在阴极得到两个电子解离成CO和一个O2–;生成的O2–通过致密电解质传导至阳极,在阳极失去四个电子发生析氧反应(OER)生成一个O2.相比于两电子的阴极反应,阳极四电子的析氧反应更难进行,可能是整个电极过程的速控步,因此开发高性能的阳极材料有望显著提高SOEC的CO2电还原性能.La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3-δ(LSCF)因具有较高的混合离子-电子导电性而被用作SOEC阳极材料,但受LSCF-气体两相界面的限制,其OER性能较低.研究表明,LSCF-掺杂的CeO2-气体所构成的三相界面相比于LSCF-气体两相界面具有更高的电化学反应活性,即OER反应更易在三相界面进行.因此,本文将Gd0.2Ce0.8O1.9(GDC)纳米颗粒浸渍到SOEC LSCF阳极来提高其OER活性,考察了纳米颗粒浸渍量(3,5,10和20 wt%)对SOEC电化学性能的影响.结果表明,SOEC的电化学性能随浸渍量的增加而逐渐升高,当GDC纳米颗粒浸渍量为10 wt%时(10GDC/LSCF),SOEC的电化学性能达到最高,在800 oC和1.6 V的电流密度为0.555 A cm–2,是LSCF阳极SOEC性能的1.32倍.继续增加浸渍量到20 wt%,电化学性能反而开始下降.电化学阻抗谱测试结果表明,GDC纳米颗粒的加入减小了SOEC的极化电阻.对应的弛豫时间分布函数解析结果表明10GDC/LSCF阳极上的OER由四个基元反应构成.电镜和O2-程序升温脱附结果表明,GDC纳米颗粒的加入显著增加了10GDC/LSCF阳极三相界面和表面氧空位的数量以及体相氧的流动性,从而促进了OER四个基元反应的反应速率,降低了这几个过程的极化电阻,因而降低了OER反应的极化电阻,提高了SOEC电还原CO2的电化学性能. 相似文献
15.
制备方法对 LaMn0.8Mg0.2O3 钙钛矿型氧化物催化甲烷燃烧反应性能的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
分别采用甘氨酸硝酸盐法、溶胶凝胶法、共沉淀法、燃烧法以及水热法制备了钙钛矿型 LaMn0.8Mg0.2O3 复合氧化物, 用 X 射线衍射、红外光谱、H2 程序升温还原和低温 N2 吸附对其进行了表征, 并考察了其对甲烷燃烧的催化活性. 结果表明, 制备方法和焙烧温度对 LaMn0.8Mg0.2O3 钙钛矿型催化剂的结构、晶粒大小和不同类型的氧物种影响很大. 以甘氨酸硝酸盐法制备的钙钛矿型催化剂经 700 °C 焙烧后表现出最高的催化活性, T50 (甲烷转化率达到 50% 时的温度) 仅为 440 °C. 这归结于它较小的晶粒尺寸 (12.4 nm) 和较大的比表面积 (18.6 m2/g), 以及催化剂表面富集的 Mn4+, 从而使表面氧物种更容易移动和/或更具有反应活性. 相似文献
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采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了不同B位可变价离子的La-B-O复合氧载体(B=Cr、Ni),采用XRD、BET、FT-IR、H2-TPR及CH4-TPSR等进行了表征,并用于化学循环重整(CLR)CH4反应中.结果表明,LaNiO3氧化物更易于与CH4发生深度氧化和选择氧化,LaCrO3氧化物则利于CH4裂解,其氧物种氧化CH4的能力较弱.在连续流动CLR反应中,LaNiO3具有较高的供氧量和持续供氧能力,能将CH4选择氧化为H2/CO=1.45的合成气,其CH4转化率和CO选择性分别达到23.4%和86.9%,且其结构保持了较高的稳定性. 相似文献
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用晶格氧为氧源的甲烷部分氧化制合成气 总被引:16,自引:0,他引:16
采用热重分析技术在甲烷气氛下考察了储氧材料Fe2O3提供晶格氧的过程,用甲烷/氧切换反应和在线质谱检测方法研究了以Fe2O3晶格氧代替气相氧用于甲烷部分氧化制合成气的可能性.结果表明,Fe2O3在甲烷气氛下的还原过程包括Fe2O3→Fe3O4和Fe3O4→FeO→Fe,甲烷被氧化为CO2和H2O.在750℃下进行的CH4/O2切换反应结果表明,首先,约25%的CH4与Fe2O3中的晶格氧反应,生成CO2和H2O,然后,生成的CO2和H2O与剩余的约75%的CH4在Ni/Al2O3催化剂上进行蒸汽重整和C\r\nO2重整,从而按燃烧-重整机理实现甲烷部分氧化制合成气.选择合适的CH4/O2切换条件,可使甲烷高转化率、高选择性地生成合成气. 相似文献
20.
一般认为稀土钙钛矿型La0.8Sr0.2CoO3是CO氧化、碳氢(HC)化合物完全氧化和NOx还原的良好氧化物催化剂.用复合硝酸盐溶液浸渍γ-Al2O3制取负载型催化剂La0.8Sr0.2CoO3/γ-Al2O3(LSC/γ-Al2O3),负载量15%(质量分数).采用XRD, TPR, BET和二甲苯完全氧化催化剂活性测试等手段,研究了CoAl2O4的形成过程,催化剂经750 ℃焙烧, Co(Ⅱ)已进入γ-Al2O3体相,并有大量的CoAl2O4尖晶石形成. 若在γ-Al2O3表面涂敷一层以MgAl2O4为主相的覆盖层,在一定程度上能够阻挡Co2+离子进入γ-Al2O3的晶格,并有效地生成出LSC活性相,提高了其完全氧化的催化活性. 相似文献