超微电极技术与应用

综述超微电极的特点、分类、制备；超微电极在生物体细胞分析、单分子分析、固体电化学、化学动力学参数测定及痕量物质检测等方面的应用．     

超微电极的新进展

超微电极是当前电化学前沿领域和研究热点之一。本文主要介绍了超微电极的基本原理、种类和特点 ,并结合国际上超微电极的最新研究现状 ,介绍了超微修饰电极的特点及其在电分析化学中的应用 ;超微电极在扫描探针显微学、固态电化学、生物细胞体内检测和分析化学等方面中的应用。     

超微电极技术的发展现状

本文在阐述超微电极技术相关原理的基础上,总结了超微电极的特点、类型及研究方法,综述近十年来超微电极的制备与应用进展,并介绍了超微电极的发展现状。     

纳米级超微电极的研究（Ⅰ）—超微带电极的研制,表征及应用

报道了纳米级超微带电极的制作方法,并分别用扫描隧道电镜、扫描电镜和光电子能谱对电极表面进行表征、用循环伏安法、计时电流法考察了电极的性能、将半微柱的扩散模型用于描述50nm以上的超微带电极,结果表明,超微带电极的带宽对电流变化影响不大,而非法拉第电流却正比于电极面积.用超微带电极可提高信噪比,测定亚铁氰化钾检测限可达5.0×10~(-7)mol/L.     

赖氨酸修饰壳聚糖磁性超微载体的制备和表征

本文设计并合成了良好水溶性的赖氨酸修饰壳聚糖,并对制备工艺进行了优化.产物通过红外(FTIR)和核磁(1H-NMR)进行了表征,并将其作为壳层材料制备了赖氨酸修饰壳聚糖磁性超微载体.通过光电能谱(XPS)、透射(TEM)、激光粒度仪、X射线衍射(XRD)、磁性能测试(VSM)对载体进行了表征.结果表明,制备的赖氨酸修饰壳聚糖磁性超微载体表面带有大量的氨基(-NH2),粒径分布较为均一(100nm左右),形貌较为规则,并具有良好的超顺磁性,因而该载体具有更加良好的性能.     

纳米超微电极的研究（Ⅳ）—超微金柱电极的制作与表征

纳米超微电极的研究（Ⅳ）──超微金柱电极的制作与表征张学记，万其进，张悟铭，周性尧（武汉大学化学系，武汉，４３００７２）关键词微电极，纳米超微电极，伏安法，离子束，金纤维最近，纳米超微电极［１～５］的研制成功，使超微电极的研究进入一个新阶段，给电化学...     

微纳加工技术在超微电极制备中的应用

从电极材料、绝缘材料、薄膜的图形化等方面,评述了微纳加工技术在单超微电极和超微电极阵列制备中的应用。在单超微电极的制备中,随着微纳加工技术的引入,可以实现具有规则几何形状和微小电极尖端的单超微电极的重复性制备。     

阳离子聚合物基因转染载体的研究进展

安全有效的基因载体是实现基因治疗的必要条件,由于阳离子聚合物易于合成和改性,无免疫原性,可以方便地与DNA形成紧密的超分子复合物,保护DNA免受核酸酶的降解,并促进其进入细胞,从而成为非病毒基因载体中的一个重要类型;但阳离子聚合物基因载体,对细胞具有电荷相关的毒性,转染效率低于病毒载体,这成为限制其进入临床使用的瓶颈.本文从提高阳离子聚合物作为基因载体时的转染效率及降低其毒性方面综述了阳离子聚合物基因载体的研究进展,归纳了改善阳离子聚合物基因载体转染特性的八种方法,预测了阳离子聚合物基因载体的发展前景.     

Thermodynamic and Equilibrium Composition Analysis of Using Iron Oxide as an Oxygen Carrier in Nonflame Combustion Technology

1. Introduction The utilization of fossil fuels causes serious neg- ative impacts on the environment and human life. There are many pollutants such as SOx, NOx and CO2 emission produced from the combustion of coal, oil and natural gas. It has been known for more than 100 years that CO2 is a greenhouse gas and that the release of CO2 from fossil fuel combustion may affect the climate of the earth. In the last years the concern over the aspects of an increased release of greenhouse gases has…     

Thermodynamic and Equilibrium Composition of Using Iron Oxide as an Oxygen Carrier Nonflame Combustion Technology Analysis in

本文介绍了一种新的燃烧体系--熔融盐循环热载体无烟燃烧技术。这种燃烧体系杜绝环境污染气体NOx和CO2的排放，可以实现真正零排放的目标。计算了以Fe2O3作为氧载体的无烟燃烧体系的热力学参数。用最小吉布斯自由能原则，分析了Fe2O3与CH4的平衡组成。分析表明，如果要想在产物中产生高纯度的CH4完全氧化产物CO2和H2O，Fe2O3与CH4必须达到高摩尔比，如果Fe2O3的量不足，就会产生较多的部分氧化产物如CO，H2甚至C     

药物缓释载体用温敏性水凝胶

近年来温敏性水凝胶作为药物缓释载体的研究十分广泛。本文在简要介绍了温敏性水凝胶的结构与性质、蛋白质的包埋技术和释药机理后,较为详细地综述了温敏性水凝胶在药物控制释放领域中的应用情况。     

Charge Carrier Dynamics in PDPP-F/PCBM Heterojunction Solar Cells

The morphology dependent of migration and recombination kinetics of charge carriers in the polymer solar cell based on poly {2,7'-9,9-dioctylfluorene-alt-5-diethylhexyl-3,6-bis(5-bromothiophen-2-yl)pyrrolo[3,4-c]-pyrrole-1,4-dione}(PDPP-F) was investigated with photo-induced charge carrier extraction by linearly increasing voltage technique. The recombination coefficient of charge carriers decreased and the mobility of charge carriers increased, after the mass ratio of[6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester(PCBM) increased from 3:2 to 2:1. Meanwhile, both of them were sensitive to the applied electric field and could be together responsible for the improvement of voltage performance of polymer solar cell.     

Nitrous Oxide as Carrier Gas in Capillary Gas-Liquid Chromatography

On use of nitrous oxide as carrier gas the retention factors of the chromatographed compounds decrease linearly with increasing average column pressure. Other retention characteristics (relative retention, retention index) change linearly. This effect was demonstrated by using a capillary column coated with nonpolar polydimethylsiloxane phase SE-30. As shown for capillary GLC the linear correlation is valid for the same column:k_i(G₁,P₁) = A k_i(G₂, P₂) + B, where k_i(G₁, P₁) and k_i(G₂,P₂) are the retention factors of compound i at average column pressures P₁ and P₂ when using carrier gases G₁ and G₂, respectively; A and B are coefficients.     

纳米抗癌药物载体的研究进展

与传统抗癌药物相比,纳米抗癌药物载体具有可在体内实现长循环,于癌症组织处富集,在体内缓慢可控释放,药物利用率高,药效高,并且生物相容性与可降解性良好的优点。目前已经实现包括纳米微粒、纳米胶束、树枝状大分子等多种结构的纳米抗癌药物载体的设计,选用的药物载体材料也涵盖多种聚酯以及蛋白质多肽等生物相容性良好的材料。     

具有磁效应的温敏性药物载体的制备及表征

在合成具备一定分子结构的聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺)-聚乳酸(PNIPAAm-PLA)嵌段共聚物的基础上,采用透析法制备了PNIPAAm-PLA共聚物磁性复合胶束和囊泡。本文发现不同的制备工艺条件会分别形成胶束和囊泡两种载体形态,并对两种载体的形貌进行了细致对比,发现两种结构特点的载体分别适合疏水性和亲水性药物的装载。对复合胶束的最低临界溶解温度(LCST)进行了表征研究,得到其LCST在38℃左右,略高于人体体温。对不同Fe4O3磁性粒子投料比对应制备的复合胶束的磁性能进行了较详细的测试,发现磁性粒子的加入量对其磁响应性影响不大。     

有机半导体中载流子迁移率的测量方法*

本文简要地介绍了有机半导体中载流子迁移率的几种模型,着重阐述了测量有机半导体中载流子迁移率的各种方法的测试原理。主要有如下几种：稳态（CW）直流电流-电压特性法（steady-state DC J-V）,飞行时间法（time of flight, TOF）,瞬态电致发光法（transient electroluminescence,transient EL）,瞬态电致发光法的修正方法即双脉冲方波法和线性增压载流子瞬态法（carrier extraction by linearly increasing voltage,CELIV）,暗注入空间电荷限制电流（dark injection space charge limited current, DI SCLC）,场效应晶体管方法（field-effect transistor,FET）,时间分辨微波传导技术（time-resolved microwave conductivity technique,TRMC）,电压调制毫米波谱（voltage-modulated millimeter-wave spectroscopy,VMS）光诱导瞬态斯塔克谱方法（photoinduced transient Stark spectroscopy）,阻抗（导纳）谱法（impedance（admittance）spectroscopy）。说明了各种实验方法的应用范围、使用条件和优缺点。     

Moco Carrier and Binding Proteins

The molybdenum cofactor (Moco) is the active site prosthetic group found in numerous vitally important enzymes (Mo-enzymes), which predominantly catalyze 2 electron transfer reactions. Moco is synthesized by an evolutionary old and highly conserved multi-step pathway, whereby the metal insertion reaction is the ultimate reaction step here. Moco and its intermediates are highly sensitive towards oxidative damage and considering this, they are believed to be permanently protein bound during synthesis and also after Moco maturation. In plants, a cellular Moco transfer and storage system was identified, which comprises proteins that are capable of Moco binding and release but do not possess a Moco-dependent enzymatic activity. The first protein described that exhibited these properties was the Moco carrier protein (MCP) from the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. However, MCPs and similar proteins have meanwhile been described in various plant species. This review will summarize the current knowledge of the cellular Moco distribution system.