杜仲叶中绿原酸的协同增敏荧光光谱法测定

研究了四硼酸钠-阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTMAB)微乳液混合体系对绿原酸的协同荧光增敏作用.结果表明,单独存在的四硼酸钠和CTMAB对绿原酸的荧光强度无显著增敏作用,但四硼酸钠-CTMAB混合体系对绿原酸具有较好的协同荧光强度增敏作用.在优化条件下,绿原酸浓度在0.13～1.32μg·mL<-1>范围内...     

表面活性剂增敏3'-甲氧基-4'-羟基苯基荧光酮光度法测锗的研究

研究了阳离子表面活性剂溴化十六烷基三甲铵(CTMAB)存在下3'-甲氧基-4'羟基苯基荧光酮(MHPF)与Ge(Ⅳ)的显色反应.在HCl介质中,CTMAB的存在对MHPF与Ge(Ⅳ)的显色反应有显著的增敏作用,Ge(Ⅳ)与MHPF形成稳定的1:2红色配合物.配合物最大吸收波长位于505 nm,表观摩尔吸光系数为1.72×105L·mol-1·cm-1.锗量在0～0.48 mg/L范围符合比耳定律.方法已用于铅锌矿渣中微量锗的测定.     

胶束增敏荧光光度法测血液中锌

应用表面活性剂对荧光配合物的增敏作用测定微量金属元素,是近代分析化学的一个新领域。但关于表面活性剂应用于血液中锌的测定尚未见有文献报道。本文选用表面活性剂CTMAB对Zn-H_2QS体系的荧光增敏作用进行血液中锌的测定。     

表面活性剂增敏荧光光度法测定牛奶中的三聚氰胺

建立了表面活性剂增敏荧光光度法测定牛奶中三聚氰胺的方法。利用弱碱性介质中阳离子表面活性剂(CTMAB)对三聚氰胺荧光强度的增敏作用,在pH=8.0的Tris-HCl缓冲溶液中,以CTMAB为增敏剂,测定三聚氰胺,线性范围为25～1000μg/L,检出限为19μg/L,相对标准偏差为1.6%。按国标方法处理样品,采用本法测定,回收率偏高;利用自制固相萃取整体柱对牛奶样品进行预处理后,实际样品检测获得满意结果。此方法简便、快捷、准确,可用于大量牛奶样品中三聚氰胺的快速初筛及检测。     

Ni(Ⅱ)-BTAMB-表面活性剂体系中的盐效应及其应用

考查了Ni(Ⅱ)~-BTAMB-表面活性剂体系中的盐效应,发现在体系中加入一定量无机盐后,能使本来无增敏作用的阳离子表面活性剂对体系产生较大增敏作用,各种盐对CTMAB中体系增敏作用的大小按无盐相似文献   

表面活性剂增敏3′-甲氧基-4′-羟基苯基荧光酮光度法测锗的研究

研究了阳离子表面活性剂溴化十六烷基三甲铵(CTMAB)存在下3′-甲氧基-4′羟基苯基荧光酮(MHPF)与Ge(Ⅳ)的显色反应。在HCl介质中,CTMAB的存在对MHPF与Ge(Ⅳ)的显色反应有显著的增敏作用,Ge(Ⅳ)与MHPF形成稳定的1∶2红色配合物。配合物最大吸收波长位于505 nm,表观摩尔吸光系数为1.72×105L.mol-1.cm-1。锗量在0~0.48 mg/L范围符合比耳定律。方法已用于铅锌矿渣中微量锗的测定。     

表面活性剂OP增敏-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定植物中微量铜和锌

研究了以非离子表面活性剂聚乙二醇辛基苯基醚(OP)作增敏剂,火焰原子吸收光谱法测定微量铜和锌的方法.结果表明:表面活性剂OP的加入可使铜吸光度增加70%,锌吸光度增加25%.测定铜和锌的线性范围分别在1.2 mg·L-1及0.6 mg·L-1以内;应用此方法分析了5种植物样品,测定结果的相对标准偏差均小于6%,加标回收率在96.8%～103.0%之间.     

新试剂4,4'-二[3-(4-苯基-2-噻唑基)三氮烯基]联苯与阳离子表面活性剂显色反应的研究

本文研究了新试剂4,4'-二[3-(4-苯基-2-噻唑基)三氮烯基]联苯(BPTTBP)与阳离子表面活性剂溴化十六烷基吡啶(CPB)和溴化十六烷基三甲基铵(CTMAB)的显色反应.结果表明,在NaOH碱性介质中,试剂BPTTBP分别与CPB和CTMAB形成紫色离子缔合物,最大吸收波长为607 nm.试剂BPTTBP与CPB和CTMAB的缔合比均为1:1,其表观摩尔吸光系数分别为2.46×10 4 L·mol-1·cm-1和1.82×10 4 L·mol-1·cm-1,CPB和CTMAB含量在0～1.0×10-5 mol·L-1范围内符合比耳定律.方法直接用于废水中微量CPB和CTMAB的测定,结果满意.     

8-羟基喹啉-5-磺酸-溴化十六烷基三甲铵荧光法测定微量钪的研究

荧光分析中应用表面活性剂的报导不多,但已可看出,加入适宜的表面活性剂可提高方法的灵敏度和选择性。为研究阳离子表面活性剂的增敏作用,我们选择了钪-8-羟基喹啉-5-磺酸-溴化十六烷基三甲铵(CTMAB)体系进行了试验,确定了三元络合物的组成,拟定了混合稀土中微量钪的测定方法。灵敏度达5×10~(-8)M,这在测定钪的荧光方法中是比较高的。     

用NP-7作增敏剂间接光度法测定微量锰

研究了七种表面活性剂对微量Mn(Ⅱ )测定的增敏效果 ,确定了用NP 7作增敏剂 ,用铋酸钠作氧化剂间接光度法测定微量Mn(Ⅱ )的方法。Mn(Ⅱ )在 0 .0 2 5～ 0 .0 82mmol·L-1遵循比耳定律 ,表观摩尔吸收系数为 1 .68×1 0 4L·mol-1·cm-1(3 63nm) ,用该法测定了邻苯二甲酸原料中锰 ,结果与原子吸收光谱法一致。RSD为 0 .5 0 % ,回收率在 98.0 4%～ 98.5 7%之间     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

物质分配系数的测定实验改进

实验教学目的是从解决实际问题出发,以实验技术训练和实验设计思想培养为目标。介绍了将单一的物质分配系数测定实验改进为综合实验,提高了实验效果及实验资源利用率。     

Calculation of enthalpies of hydrogenation of hydrocarbons

Sets of hydrogen molecule equivalents have been developed which permit the calculation of hydrogenation of different types of carbon-carbon bonds from ab initio total energies (3-21G and 6-31G* basis sets, and, to a more limited extent, for MP2/6-31G* data) of reactants and products. The calculated enthalpies of hydrogenation are in good agreement with experiment for unstrained molecules, with average errors on the order of 2 kcal/mol. The 6-31G* equivalents allow the enthalpies for strained molecules to be calculated accurately, but the 3-21G equivalents do not. The equivalents for both basis sets have been tested by calculating the enthalpies of hydrogenation of carbon-carbon bonds in nitrogen- and oxygen-containing organic molecules, free radicals, and classical carbocations. The results are in good agreement with experiment in most cases.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。