无约束自由杆纵向冲击响应分析

用Fourier级数方法推导了无约束自由杆承受运动刚体纵向冲击作用下的响应,将刚性位移直接由总位移中分离出来,并分析了无约束自由杆的刚性位移与弹性位移的关系及其影响因素。数值算例表明只要选取足够多级数项进行叠加,可以得到精确的结果。     

On the Dynamic Response of Laminated Glass Exposed to Impact Before Blast Loading

Experimental Mechanics - In this study, the effect of fragment or bullet impact before blast loading on laminated glass is studied experimentally. First, laminated windows consisting of two 3.8 mm...     

弹性撞击作用下弯扭耦合梁的动力响应

对于质量块以一定初速度撞击悬臂梁端部问题,基于弯扭耦合Timoshenko梁模型,把质量块与悬臂梁作为一个整体振动,动力响应以Duhamel积分表示,使用模态叠加法给出动力响应与撞击力的结果.对于悬臂梁受质量块撞击的算例,分别分析了弯扭耦合梁、弯扭耦合系数很小的梁和各向同性Timoshenko梁,对比讨论了撞击力结果.     

含脱层损伤复合材料层合梁冲击动力响应实验研究

对纤维增强复合材料层合梁在受轴向冲击时的动力响应问题进行了实验研究。实验以单向玻璃纤维布和环氧树脂材料制作试件,在层间预埋薄铜箔模拟脱层损伤。采用激光测速仪测量子弹速度,动态应变仪和TDS420A数字示波器记录应变时程曲线进行动力响应分析。实验结果表明铺层角度是决定材料性能的主要原因,脱层损伤的存在及大小对动力响应和发生动力屈曲有重要影响。此外,初始缺陷的影响也是不可忽视的重要因素。     

低速冲击下复合材料合板的响应过程模拟

运用一种精度较高的高阶位移模型分析了复合材料层合板在低速击下的响应过程,该位移模型能够同时考虑层间正应力和横向剪应力,另外,采用修正的Hertz接触定律与Newmark积分方法相结合,建立了冲击接触的有限元模型,本文的数值模拟计算结果与解析结果相比较证明了该方法的有效和精确性。     

复合材料层合板低速冲击响应和损伤分析

通过在有限元软件Abaqus/Explicit中编写用户材料子程序VUMAT,建立了一种基于能量演化的复合材料低速冲击渐进损伤模型．该模型以三维Hashin准则来预测层内损伤的起始,以一种简化的损伤变量来模拟层内损伤的演化,将具有双线性牵引-分离本构的零厚度界面单元插入层间来模拟分层损伤．采用该模型对14.7 J冲击能量下的纤维增强复合材料低速冲击过程进行了仿真分析,计算得到的冲击力-时间曲线、能量-时间曲线和损伤分布与试验结果吻合较好．根据数值模拟结果,分析了纤维、基体和分层损伤的扩展规律,为低速冲击下的复合材料结构设计提供了理论依据．     

铁路车辆/轨道耦合系统在竖向冲击载荷作用下动态响应的计算机模拟研究

车辆与轨道的动态相互作用,是铁路轮轨接触式运输系统中最基本的问题之一,它直接制约着铁路运营速度的提高和运载重量的增加,也影响着铁路安全运行。本文采用有限元方法,对我国C61型运煤货车,按照车辆/轨道系统的实际几何形状、材料性质和边界条件建立了包括车辆和轨道系统的有限元模型,应用大型非线性动力分析程序LS-DYNA3D来模拟车辆通过轨道错牙接头时的轮/轨动态响应过程。计算结果表明车轮和轨道之间的竖向动态接触力大约是静轮载的2倍,与已有的现场试验结果基本吻合。因此应用有限元方法研究车辆/轨道耦合系统是可行和可靠的。     

Normal and Transverse Displacement Interferometers Applied to Small Diameter Kolsky Bars

For Kolsky bar testing beyond strain-rates of 10,000/s, it is useful to employ bars with diameters of only a few millimeters or less. Furthermore, very small (sub-millimeter) systems are compatible with micron-sized specimens, to be used, for example, for the determination of mesoscale properties. However, at these sizes, traditional strain-gage measurements of the longitudinal waves within the bars become impractical. In this paper we describe the application of optical measurement techniques to two Kolsky bars, with 3.2 and 1.6 mm diameters. A transverse displacement interferometer is used to measure the displacement of the mid-point of the incident bar and provide measurements of the incident and reflected pulses. Similarly, a normal displacement interferometer is used to measure the displacement of the free-end of the transmitter bar and provide a measurement of the transmitted pulse. The new methods are used to characterize the behavior of 6061-T6 aluminum at rates greater than 100,000/s. The feasibility of application to smaller bars is also discussed.     

Investigation of Impact Response of Composites with Projection Moiré Enhancement

As a method for measuring full-field out-of-plane displacement, projection moiré provides high measuring quality with simple experimental setup. Based on an image processing program developed by Heredia and Patterson, this article presents the implementation of projection moiré in low-velocity impact testing. Results from projection moiré agree reasonably well with those obtained from the commonly used load cell method. In an attempt to better document composite response to impact loading, the possibility of correlating the external out-of-plane displacement measurement with the internal delamination is discussed. The technique is further applied to composites with various microstructures, including laminated, two-dimensional woven and quasi-three-dimensional (Q3D) woven composites. Projection moiré is able to provide some insights of the delamination propagation of the composites under impact loading.     

Effect of Confinement on the Impact Response of a Granular Array

Experimental Mechanics - Plastic dissipation at inter-granular contacts during elasto-plastic wave propagation plays a significant role in wave attenuation. However, it is unknown if plastic...     

具有封闭杆件的刚架在任意荷载作用下的精确解

对任意荷载作用下具有封闭杆件的刚架给出用分配系数和传递系数表示的精确解。刚架用变矩分配法求解时,将各结点用假设的刚臂固定,求得任意荷载引起的固端弯矩,然后求得结点不平衡力矩,从而将求任意荷载作用的问题转化为求任意的结点不平衡力矩作用的问题。用弯矩分配法求解时,将杆端弯矩,表示为无穷多次分配弯矩和传递弯矩之和,其表达式为公比小于1的无穷等比级数的和,为方便地求得该和的表达式,从而求得任意荷载作用下刚架结构的精确解。文中给出了算例。     

低速冲击载荷下加筋板弹塑动力响应分析

给出了一种半解析方法求解加筋板在横向低速冲击载荷下的非线性弹塑动力响应分析。考虑大变形的影响，采用增量型本构关系，得到膜力、弯矩增量与应变增量的关系，忽略面内惯性力的影响，运用Hamilton变分原理，得到加筋板增量形式动响应控制方程，最后采用增量形式的迦辽金法来求解。     

加筋板弹性大挠度的冲击响应分析

用半解析的方法分析了横向冲击载荷下加筋板的非线性瞬态响应。考虑膜力的存在 ,忽略筋截面上的剪切应力 ,引入板的应力函数 ,采用离散加筋板模型 ,运用能量原理建立加筋板的动响应控制方程。假设挠度为双级数形式 ,运用迦辽金法 ,将加筋板的动响应方程转化为一个多自由度的动力系统 ,采用数值方法来求解。最后给出了几个模型的计算结果。     

Bending of Bars under a Follower Load

Exact solutions of the problem of nonlinear bending of a thin bar under a point follower load are given. The problem is studied for an arbitrary follower angle and the particular cases of axial and transverse follower forces are considered. The solutions are written in unified parametric form and expressed in terms of Jacobi elliptic functions.     

From 3-D Nonlinear Elasticity Theory to 1-D Bars with Nonconvex Energy

This paper represents a first attempt to derive one-dimensional models with non-convex strain energy starting from “genuine” three-dimensional, nonlinear, compressible, elasticity theory. Following the usual method of obtaining beam theories, we show here for a constrained kinematics appropriate for long cylinders governed by a polyconvex, objective, stored energy function, that the bar model originally proposed by Ericksen [3] is obtainable but enriched by an additional term in the strain gradient. This term, characteristic of nonsimple grade-2 materials, penalizes interfacial energies and makes single-interface two-phase solutions preferred. The resulting model has been proposed by a number of authors to describe the phenomenon of necking and cold drawing in polymeric fibers and, here, we discuss its suitability to interpret also the elastic-plastic behavior of metallic tensile bars under monotone loading.     

Response and Damage Tolerance of Composite Sandwich Structures under Low Velocity Impact

The deformation and failure response of composite sandwich beams and panels under low velocity impact was reviewed and discussed. Sandwich facesheet materials discussed are unidirectional and woven carbon/epoxy, and woven glass/vinylester composite laminates; sandwich core materials investigated include four types of closed cell PVC foams of various densities, and balsa wood. Sandwich beams were tested in an instrumented drop tower system under various energy levels, where load and strain histories and failure modes were recorded for the various types of beams. Peak loads predicted by spring-mass and energy balance models were in satisfactory agreement with experimental measurements. Failure patterns depend strongly on the impact energy levels and core properties. Failure modes observed include core indentation/cracking, facesheet buckling, delamination within the facesheet, and debonding between the facesheet and core. In the case of sandwich panels, it was shown that static and impact loads of the same magnitude produce very similar far-field deformations. The induced damage is localized and is lower for impact loading than for an equivalent static loading. The load history, predicted by a model based on the sinusoidal shape of the impact load pulse, was in agreement with experimental results. A finite element model was implemented to capture the full response of the panel indentation. The investigation of post impact behavior of sandwich structures shows that, although impact damage may not be readily visible, its effects on the residual mechanical properties of the structure can be quite detrimental.     

轴对称横观各向同性浅球壳受物体撞击的非线性动力响应分析

基于非线性扁壳理论和弹性接触力学,建立了横观各向同性浅球壳在其顶部受集中载荷作用的非线性运动微分方程,根据Hertz定律,考虑撞击物与浅球壳之间的弹性接触效应,确定了壳体顶部所承受的冲击力,它与撞击物的质量、初始速度、壳体的几何和物理性质等因素相关.对此非线性动力问题,采用正交配点法与时间增量法求解.算例中,讨论了撞击物的冲击速度、壳体的厚度及中曲面曲率半径对壳体所受冲击载荷及其位移响应的影响.