Absolute spectral distribution of soft X-ray emission from laserproduced gold plasma

Quantitative measurement of spectral distribution of soft X-ray emission from laser produced plasmas and estimation of X-ray conversion efficiency are reported. The X-ray emission from planar gold target irradiated by an Nd:glass laser was recorded using a high resolution transmission grating spectrograph. Spectral distribution of X-ray intensity was derived using calibrated film data and a deconvolution procedure to account for contribution of higher diffraction orders. Results of conversion efficiency per unit solid angle, at a laser intensity of ~4×10¹² W/cm² (λ_L = 1.054 μm), for 10< λ <80 Å and in the water window spectral region (23< λ< 44 Å) are presented. A three-fold increase in conversion efficiency was observed for second harmonic laser irradiation (λ_L = 0.527 μm) at an intensity of 8×10¹² W/cm²     

Temporal and spectral analysis of capillary-discharge-pumped Ar<Superscript>8+</Superscript> lasers

We measure temporal and spectral characteristics of soft X-ray lasers based on capillary discharge, employing flat-field and Rowland spectrographs for analyzing the spectrum of a Ne-like Ar soft Xray laser and a monochromator for analyzing its temporal behavior on the 46.9 nm laser line. The monochromator provides the time resolution for a single wavelength; therefore, the pulse width and the onset time of the laser pulse can be reliably measured. In spite of the fact that the flat field spectrograph is relatively difficult to adjust (due to the long distance between the entrance slit and the grating), we obtained a fine spectrum with a fairly high precision. In contrast, the Rowland spectrograph is widely used, easily adjusted, and provides instantaneously visible results, but its detection precision is just between that of the monochromator and the flat-field spectrograph. Each of these three types of devices is characterized by its own strong point for the accurate detection and study of the spectrum of a Ne-like Ar laser at J = 0− 1 and wavelength 46.9 nm.     

Z箍缩等离子体均匀色散晶体光谱成像

为了诊断Z箍缩等离子体X射线相关信息,利用自聚焦和均匀色散原理,研制了一种新型的均匀色散弯晶谱仪。晶体分析器采用-石英（1010）,布拉格角为43.4~72.7,利用有效面积为10 mm50 mm的X射线胶片接收光谱信号,实验在中国工程物理研究院阳加速器装置上进行,摄谱元件获得了Z箍缩铝丝阵等离子体的类H及类He谱线。实验结果表明:谱线分布遵循均匀色散条件,所研制均匀色散弯晶谱仪线色散率为-116.198 mm/nm,与理论值-120 mm/nm的相对误差为3.168%,能够用于Z箍缩等离子体X射线的光谱学研究。     

An instrumental effect on spectral line profiles

The usual treatment of a scanning Fabry-Perot etalon set-up ignores any effect of the spectrograph on the spectral line shape. We treat here on such effect, namely an apparent baseline shift which arises because some light in the far wings of the line misses the spectrograph exit aperture. We discuss the significance of this result and show how conditions can be chosen such as to minimize this effect.     

Kaon-pion ratio derived from dynamical model and the spectral shape of the muon spectrum

The kaon-pion ratio, estimated from the theoretical model based on the structural aspects of hadrons, has been applied to the diffusion model ofBull et al. The derived spectral shape of the sea level muon spectrum is in accord with the magnetic spectrograph data of Kiel and Durham Groups.     

High pressure raman spectra of crystalline sulfur

Abstract

Well—resolved Raman spectra of crystalline sulfur have been recorded in a diamond anvil cell (DAC) in the pressure range from atmospheric pressure to 50 GPa at room temperature, using an 0.6 m triple spectrograph and a CCD multichannel detector. The spectra indicate two phase transitions in the pressure region between 10 and 15 GPa.     

High resolution electronic band spectral studies of the GaI molecule

The emission band spectrum of the GaI molecule, lying in the region 3800–4200A and attributed to two overlapping transitions (A0⁺-X0⁺ and B1-X0⁺), has been studied under high resolution in the 3rd order of a 10.5 m Ebert grating spectrograph at a dispersion of 0.18/mm. Isotopic shifts of the ⁷¹GaI and ⁶⁹GaI molecules are calculated for various bands. They are found to agree with experimentally measured values, thereby confirming the vibrational assignments. The reversal of shading of various branches, belonging to one band and leading to the formation of extra heads, has been investigated. Making use of the rotational constants of the ground state (X0⁺) obtained from microwave spectral studies, the rotational constants of the excited A0⁺ and C1 states have been evaluated. Electronic configurations, potential energy curves and dissociation products are discussed.     

高效高分辨率大面积透射光栅谱仪特性的理论分析

为提高透射光栅谱仪对激光等离子体Ｘ光源的收集效率的光谱分辨同铲高分辨率大面积航向光栅光谱仪。该谱仪由轮胎镜、无支撑高线密度光栅和软Ｘ光ＣＣＤ相机组成。应用部分相干光衍射理论,研究了该谱仪成偈面上的光强分布和光谱分辩率,在１．４～１２ｎｍ的摄谱范围内光 人发辨率为０．０５ｎｍ,与实验符合得很好。由于其高效率,该谱仪尤其适用于超短飞秒脉冲激光产生等离子体的实验研究。     

双光栅切换微型平场全息凹面光栅光谱仪

基于CCD的微型平场全息凹面光栅光谱仪,以其简单紧凑的结构和快速高效的工作方式在光谱分析领域获得了广泛的应用。但是,由于受限于色散距离,单纯依靠优化光栅像差很难进一步使光谱分辨率获得大幅提高。提出一种双光栅切换微型平场全息凹面光栅光谱仪的设计方法,用两个使用结构相同的光栅代替传统的单光栅设计,给出一个光谱范围为400～1000nm光谱仪的具体设计,计算显示光谱分辨率最大可提高为原来的2.5倍。通过对光栅衍射效率的计算分析,说明此方法能够显著改善仪器的通光效率。设计制作了原理样机,进行了装调测试,实验结果与理论计算相吻合。     

Extreme-ultraviolet spectral purity and magnetic ion debris mitigation by use of low-density tin targets

We investigate the extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) emission from targets that contain tin as an impurity and the advantages of using these targets for ion debris mitigation by use of a magnetic field. The EUV spectral features were characterized by a transmission grating spectrograph. The in-band EUV emission energy was measured with a calorimeter of absolute calibration. The ion flux coming from the plume was measured with a Faraday cup. Our studies indicate that 0.5% Sn density is necessary to obtain a conversion efficiency very close to that of full-density Sn. The use of Sn-doped low-Z targets provides a narrower unresolved transition array and facilitates better control of energetic ions in the presence of a moderate magnetic field of 0.64 T.     

K-absorption spectral investigations on some dimeric copper(II) carboxylate complexes

The X-ray K-absorption edge position and the extended fine structure of copper in some copper(II) carboxylate complexes involving metal-metal exchange interaction have been investigated using a 40 cm bentcrystal spectrograph. It has been found that the edge position in these complexes shifts towards the higher energy side as the pK_a value of the corresponding acids increases. Sharp and narrow main peaks have been observed in all these complexes except the monomeric complex, copper(II) trichloroacetate. Estimates of metal-ligand average bond distances have also been made.     

Z箍缩等离子体高分辨X辐射谱诊断

 为了获取丝阵Z箍缩等离子体高能谱分辨的X辐射图像,建立了云母球面弯晶X光摄谱仪,根据色散平面内球面弯晶诊断空间分布X光源的几何模型分析了摄谱仪的能谱分辨,计算结果与光线追迹方法得到的结果吻合。当探测器位于罗兰圆上时,系统具备最优能谱分辨。在“强光一号”装置上,利用该摄谱仪诊断了镀镁铝丝阵负载Z箍缩等离子体的X辐射图像,结果表明,该球面弯晶摄谱仪的能谱分辨率高于1 000。     

Analysis of the form of ultrashort pulses by spectral nonlinear interferometry

A new method for recording the phase structure of ultrashort optical pulses is proposed that makes no use of a reference pulse. Using three-wave interactions in a nonlinear optical medium, a wave of spectral decomposition of an ultrashort pulse is transformed into a monochromatic wave. The spatial phase structure of this wave contains information on the phase structure of the pulse spectrum and on the pulse form. This structure is analyzed by shearing interferometry.

     

Oxygen spectral lines for diagnostics of atmospheric laser-induced plasmas

In the present study OI spectral lines are measured, tested, and developed for diagnostics of laser-induced plasma experiments in air. The plasma plume was generated by the interaction of a 6-ns 750-mJ Nd:YAG laser at the fundamental wavelength of 1.06 µm with a standard Al target of known elemental composition in air. The emitted spectrum was in the range 200–1000 nm and was recorded using an Echelle spectrograph equipped with a time-gated ICCD camera. The measurements were performed at several delay times (0–10 µs). Based on LTE assumption, the excitation temperature is derived using a Boltzmann plot of OI emission lines. The FWHM of the Stark broadened OI line at 844.65 nm is used for electron density measurements at different times.     

使用小型棱镜摄谱半定量分析光谱的简便方法

介绍了借助CCD工业摄像机,使用小型棱镜摄谱仪拍摄光谱及在微机计算机上制作标准铁谱和处理光谱的方法,这种方法的采用使我们不必每次都拍摄铁谱,大在地简化了样本的半定量分析。     

软X射线全息平焦场光栅的条纹弯曲现象及其对光谱分辨率的影响

软X射线平焦场光栅光谱仪是等离子体诊断的重要仪器,其核心光学元件全息平焦场光栅通常采用非球面波记录光路制作,因此光栅条纹存在弯曲的现象.光栅条纹的弯曲会影响光谱成像质量,从而影响系统的光谱分辨率.记录光路的优化,只保证光栅子午面的线密度分布,因此优化的记录光路并不是惟一的,所以在保证子午面的线密度分布的同时能制作具有不同弯曲程度条纹的光栅.针对应用于0.8—6 nm的全息平焦场光栅,利用光线追迹方法分析了不同弯曲程度条纹光栅的光谱成像,发现采用柱面反射镜制作的接近于直条纹的光栅具有较好的光谱成像质量.相对于弯曲条纹的光栅,接近于直条纹的光栅理论光谱分辨率有明显的提高,入射波长为3 nm时,光谱分辨率从626提升到953,入射波长为5 nm时,光谱分辨率从635提高到1222.     

A High Resolution Study of the Shock Excited Spectrum of Yttrium Oxide

Abstract

The blue-green (B²? X²?) and orange (A²? –X²?) systems of yttrium oxide have been shock excited at temperatures of about 4000°K and photographed at high dispersion (～ 1.2Å/mm) in the first order of a 21 ft. grating spectrograph. The high dispersion shock excited spectra were recorded using multiple exposures and latensification of extremely high speed film. Over 50 new bands have been observed and assigned to specific vibrational transitions for the systems. New molecular constants have been derived from the A, B and X states. Provisional calculations have been made of Franck-Condon factors and r-centroids for the systems appropriate to new constants.     

Spatially resolved spectral interferometry for determination of subsurface structure

We describe an instrument capable of obtaining two-dimensional images of subsurface structure in real time with no moving parts. The technique is based on spectral interferometry and uses an imaging spectrograph to obtain spatially resolved spectra. A test sample consisting of microscope coverslips and a Ronchi grating was measured, illustrating the system's depth resolution of 38 mum and transverse resolution of at least 12.7 mum . The technique is readily adaptable to endoscopic delivery as well as three-dimensional real-time image acquisition.     

Thermal Emission Spectrum of the Cobalt Monobromide Molecule

ABSTRACT

The thermal emission spectrum of the CoBr molecule has been photographed for the first time in the spectral region 4200–6000 Å using the high-temperature excitation technique and the 2-meter plane grating spectrograph (PGS-2). The spectrum has been recorded at a reciprocal linear dispersion of 7.3 Å/mm. About 203 red degraded and line-like bands have been recorded, out of which 172 are entirely new. The observed bands have been classified into 31 systems, of which 23 are entirely new. The vibrational analyses have been carried out using band head measurements and the Deslandre table. The ground state of the CoBr molecule is found to be ³Φ with the vibrational constants 318.3, 329.5, and 332.7 cm^?1.     

高度电离的锗激光等离子体X射线谱的辨认

本文结合理论计算得到的锗类钠、类氖、类氟、类氧离子的振子强度,对平面晶体谱仪拍摄的锗激光等离子体X射线谱,波长在6～10(?)范围内的40多条谱线进行了分类辨认.