凹面线性相控阵聚焦与扫描成像

研究了凹面线性相控阵聚焦声场的聚焦特性与扫描成像处理,首先对凹面线性相控阵聚焦声场进行了深入的分析,对凹面线阵聚焦中变迹处理、阵元间距及f数等参数对相控阵瞬态声场聚焦特性的影响进行了分析和讨论;然后,分析了相控阵聚焦声场在散射物体上产生的散射声场特性,得到了利用凹面线性相控阵进行线性查扫的B扫图像,在此基础上,利用凹面线性相控阵辐射声场在非均匀体上的散射声场进行了扫描成像研究和处理,针对实际管材质量的相控阵检测问题,得到了管材纵波扫描整个区域的检测图像.     

各向同性板中盲孔缺陷的兰姆波拓扑成像

将拓扑成像用于各向同性板中盲孔缺陷的兰姆波检测。由于缺陷关于板中面是非对称的,兰姆波模式转换的影响不能忽略。成像方法是基于无缺陷参考媒质中两个超声场(直接声场和伴随声场)的计算。以传感器激励信号为声源,计算直接声场;以盲孔引起的兰姆波散射信号为声源,计算伴随声场。拓扑成像通过直接声场与伴随声场的相乘,可消除无缺陷处多模式混叠的干扰,提高成像分辨率。建立有限元模型,通过不同时刻的瞬态声场图可视化地显示多模式兰姆波在缺陷处的聚焦过程,揭示拓扑成像方法的物理机理。数值结果表明,相对于经典的延迟求和以及时间反转方法,拓扑成像对盲孔缺陷有更强的适应能力。即使对于复杂的包含模式转换的兰姆波信号,拓扑图像的质量依然没有受到影响。文中提出的成像方法对板类结构中非对称缺陷的兰姆波检测具有一定的应用潜力。      

可视化聚焦纹影系统实现流场中的三维扰动成像

可视化成像系统可以实现流场中扰动信息的捕获。针对光学纹影系统,分别从理论和实验上对比研究了流场中的三维超声扰动成像。因三维超声场在光传播方向上引起的流体介质密度变化不同,光波穿过密度变化的流场时,其相位累积变化使图像不能真实反映声场的扰动特征。线型栅的聚焦纹影系统因其线型栅会产生多刀口滤波的作用,故不能对流场中的三维超声扰动场实现完整成像。为了获得流场中的三维扰动特征,提出了采用环型源栅和刀口栅的改进聚焦纹影系统。结果表明:由改进聚焦纹影装置得到的图像扰动特征与实际流场中超声扰动特征相一致;结合图像重构技术,实现了流场中三维复杂扰动的重构。     

对记录脉冲声场的光学方法及对沙中埋藏的类圆柱体的散射声场的研究

本文对用于记录流体中脉冲声场的两种方法——Schlieren法和Shadowgraph法的响应进行了研究。研究表明对于Schlieren法,成像屏上的光强的响应对于声压是非线性关系;对于 Shadowgraph法来说,则是线性关系。由于 Shadowgrph法的工作不受频率限制,适用于在低超声频下研究海底模型和埋藏物的声场。本文利用Shaodowgraph法记录了埋在沙中圆柱体、类圆柱体的低超声频脉冲的散射声场,对半埋体记录到5种散射波,对全埋体则记录到3种散射波,对半埋体与全埋体都记录到两种爬波(纵波爬波、横波爬波)。     

光学蛋白质芯片技术在生物检测中的应用

蛋白质芯片技术因其高通量,微型化,可快速分析等特点,在生物检测中具有独特优势。光学蛋白质芯片同时结合了蛋白质芯片技术和高分辨的光学椭偏显微成像技术,在提高灵敏度的同时实现了检测结果的可视化。本工作利用光学蛋白质芯片技术,针对复杂体系中的临床标志物蛋白质,构建了夹心型检测体系,实现了系统的定量检测。实验结果与临床通用方法符合较好。该方法具有灵敏度高,操作简单,检测快速,样品用量少等优点。     

基于相机阵列的光学组件缺陷在线检测方法

利用调焦方式可以实现焦距的连续变化从而对不同物距下的光学组件进行在线检测,但是调焦过程操作复杂且对调焦位移精度要求较高,景深内光学元件缺陷无法区分,难以实现真正意义上的在线检测。因此,本文提出了基于相机阵列的光学组件缺陷在线检测方法。首先建立了相机阵列的成像模型并给出了数字重聚焦表达式以及空间分辨率的表达式。接着利用MATLAB模拟相机阵列成像过程和数字重聚焦过程。最后进行实验验证,通过二维位移台带动相机对不同物距下的多个光学元件表面缺陷进行成像获得阵列相机图像,通过数字重聚焦算法得到不同物距下的光学元件表面缺陷分布信息。实验结果表明,基于相机阵列的光学组件缺陷在线检测技术能够同时对位于景深范围内的光学组件进行在线检测。该方法在光学元件缺陷在线检测方面有着一定的应用价值。     

相控阵超声阵列换能器中阵元参数对声场的影响研究

为探究相控阵超声阵列换能器中不同阵元参数对声场的影响,以相控阵超声波检测基本原理和声场辐射理论为支撑,应用MATLAB软件进行数值模拟分析,建立辐射声场模型,进行不同参数下的阵列换能器指向性和声场分析.分析了阵元各项参数变化时对波束质量、聚焦范围、成像效果的影响,结果表明:阵元中心频率过小会使成像分辨率过低,阵元中心频...     

固体中线性相控阵列的瞬态聚焦特性

针对线性相控阵列在固体介质中的声场聚焦特性及参数优化问题,该文给出了一个线性阵列的纵波瞬态聚焦声场模型.数值结果表明,当阵元被短时脉冲信号激励时,瞬态聚焦声场中不会形成栅瓣,突破了传统稳态理论模型中对阵元间距的限制;同时由于横纵波在聚焦区域内可完全分离,声束旁瓣的幅值也得到了抑制.其次,增大阵元间距能够显著提高聚焦性能...     

贝塞尔光束在生物医学显微成像技术中的应用（特邀）

作为一种典型的无衍射光束,贝塞尔光束具有无衍射和自重构特性,能够提供更长的聚焦长度和一定程度的抗散射能力,在生物医学光学显微成像技术领域获得了越来越多的应用。本文重点关注了贝塞尔光束在生物医学光学显微成像技术中的应用,包括利用其扩展景深能力实现体积样本快速三维成像、利用其抗散射粒子干扰能力实现散射样本的大深度成像以及利用更细聚焦光束能力实现更高分辨率的光学显微成像。首先,概述了贝塞尔光束及其实验室常用的产生方法;然后,总结了近些年贝塞尔光束在生物医学光学显微成像技术中的应用,包括但不限于多光子荧光显微成像、光片荧光显微成像、拉曼显微成像等,既总结了贝塞尔光束在其中发挥的优势,也分析了贝塞尔光束旁瓣带来的干扰问题的消除方案。最后分析和探讨了贝塞尔光束在生物医学光学显微成像技术应用中遇到的问题以及发展前景。     

光弹法测量超声换能器声场

超声换能器声场的测试对于超声检测具有基础性作用,而传统的超声换能器声场测试方法具有一些局限性。本文介绍了搭建的动态激光光弹实验平台,并利用动态光弹法测量了纵波换能器和横波换能器辐射声场的特征,由瞬态声场图像获得了传声介质的声波速度及超声换能器的中心频率;由稳态声场图像获得了声场的近场长度、指向性和扩散角等参数;分析了光弹实验系统和测量方法可能引起测量误差。本文结果表明动态光弹法是一种有效的定量测量超声换能器声场的方法。     

Using talbot interferometry to see ultrasonic waves

Assembling a system which forms the optical image of an acoustic field can be a time consuming and exacting chore. Necessary labor involves component testing, optical beam collimation, plus optical and acoustic component alignment. We discuss here a Schlieren method which both simplifies the setting-up, and provides a new way of seeing the acoustic field. We term the method Talbot-Schlieren as it utilizes the Fourier-self-imaging or Talbot effect.     

Acoustic field imaging by light reflection at the free surface of a liquid

In this paper we present a novel technique for acoustic field imaging. This technique is based on reflection of a collimated laser beam at the free surface of a liquid. The reflected beam becomes phase modulated by the acoustic wave as in acoustical holographic systems. We do not use a reference acoustical beam for holographic reconstruction but we observe this phase modulation using dark-field techniques. It gives a measurement of the acoustic field power as a function of the position. The authors have built an optical imaging system and carried out experiments with piezocomposite transducers. The technique presented in this work is able to give fast quantitative information about the performance of individual ceramic rods of the piezocomposite.     

Schlieren visualization of ultrasonic wave fields with high spatial resolution

The visualization of ultrasonic wave fields in optically transparent liquids using the acousto-optic interaction is a well proven tool for the experimental investigation of wave propagation including wave field interaction effects with certain discontinuities and obstacles like reflection, refraction, and diffraction effects as well as for transducer testing and design. For high resolution visualization of wave fields including pulsed waveforms, pulsed light sources and sensitive optical imaging sensors with certain specifications are needed. In this paper the technical requirements of optical and electronic components for high resolution visualization of ultrasound wave fields will be presented. Also, specifications and operation results of a new designed, inexpensive Schlieren optical system will be presented, which is capable of pulsed wave field visualization in the MHz frequency range. The spatial resolution is high enough, not only for accurate beam shape and wave pattern visualization, but also for a gray-scaled display of wave amplitudes including amplitude zero crossings in ultrasound pulses. Consequently, ultrasonic wavelengths can be visualized quantitatively as well as wavelength changes of the ultrasound pulses while traveling through transparent media with different sound velocities. Results to be presented will include 2 MHz and 10 MHz experiments using single transducers as well as linear arrays of commercial medical scanners during their standard operation showing the system beamforming characteristics.     

SiO2波导布拉格器件中声表面波及声光相互作用分析

针对SiO2光波导声光布拉格器件,计算了SiO2非对称平板波导TE模式的横向场分布;给出了SiO2/ZnO/Air层状介质结构的性能方程、运动方程和麦克斯韦方程,推导出这种层状结构的特征方程,并结合所满足的边界条件,得到了各层介质的位移及电磁场分布;计算了声表面波所引起的光学相对介质隔离率张量的变化,最后讨论了声光衍射效率和光场与声场的重叠积分、声功率、声频率、声孔径和光波导参数之间的关系。结果表明,在低频范围内光场与声表面波场重叠良好;低阶模的重叠积分始终大于高阶模重叠积分,最低阶模与声表面波相互作用最强,所需声功率最小;当声功率一定时,增加声孔径可以提高衍射效率。     

声表面波在声栅上的Bragg衍射

本工作揭示了声表面波在声栅上的Bragg型衍射效应。应用简正波理论近似处理了在强Bragg条件下,声表面波在声栅上衍射的一些规律:栅阵内简正模式,偏转角和偏转效率与入射声波工作频率和声栅参数的关系。实验上,我们在y切割LiNbO₃压电晶体表面,用金属栅阵构成声栅,用光学法观察了声表面波(Rayleigh波)在上述声栅上的Bragg型衍射现象,并测量了偏转角和偏转效率随工作频率的关系。实验与理论结果比较表明,二者基本上是符合的。 关键词：     

An improved Schlieren method for the sensitive and spatially resolved measurement of the quality of optical crystals with small apertures

We present an improved Schlieren method to measure the optical quality of crystals, defined by it’s optical homogeneity and the surface roughness of it’s facets. The method is based on a combination of Schlieren, interferometric and tilting angle measurements. It is especially appropriate for the optical characterization of crystals with small clear apertures. The theory and an application of this improved technique on a BIBO crystal are given. Spatial resolution and sensitivity of the method are mainly defined by the Schlieren setup, which offers a spatial resolution as high as 27 μm and a minimum deflection angle as low as 2.3×10^-6. PACS 81.70.Fy; 78.20.Ci; 42.25.Hz     

Synthetic aperture imaging by scanning acoustic microscopy with vector contrast

Based on phase sensitive scanning acoustic microscopy (PSAM), a novel scheme suitable for volume imaging has been developed. The method employs synthetic aperture insonification combined with synthetic aperture imaging. Excitation and detection are performed by planar scanning of two focusing transducer and vector (phase and amplitude) detectors for the ultrasonic wave packages observed in transmission. Examples for applications of the scheme, including technically relevant simplifications based on reduced dimensions of the scan ranges, are presented. Detection schemes already applied for non-destructive testing (NDT) and non-destructive evaluation (NDE) of the mechanical properties of functionally graded materials are an example for the application of the generalised approach presented here with reduced dimensions of the scan. The technique is suitable for NDT and NDE imaging respectively with three-dimensional resolution.     

The effect of modulated electric field on characteristic of SDBD-like plasma jet for surface modification

In this paper, the dynamics and flow behaviour of an atmospheric argon plasma jet was studied in the new nozzle structure similar to the surface dielectric barrier discharge (SDBD) using the Schlieren imaging method. The effect of plasma jet driven by repetitive high-voltage microsecond pulses with low-frequency sinusoidal bias was measured qualitatively in a single mirror Schlieren optical system. The enhancement of plasma jet length and cross-section of plasma jet with surface in this condition is due to highly turbulent flow of argon plasma jet in this structure. This study revealed the important role of SDBD structure and modulated electric field on the behaviour of plasma jet in a high diameter nozzle. In practice, this technique allows us to increase the jet length of the nozzle output to 5 cm and under these conditions, the diameter of the plasma jet cross-section is increased to 8 mm, without increasing the electrical power consumption. Eventually, the hydrophilicity of the surface is also measured by the contact angle of a water droplet that decreases from 78° to 8° after surface treatment, implying we were able to reach a super-hydrophilic surface with this plasma jet structure.     

多参量光声成像及其在生物医学领域的应用

光声成像兼具声学成像和光学成像两者的优点, 因而成为近十年来发展最迅速的生物医学成像技术之一. 本文介绍了光声成像的特点及其相对于广泛应用的光学成像技术和声学成像技术的优点; 其次, 解释了光声成像的成像原理, 在此基础上介绍了光声断层成像和光声显微镜这两种典型的光声成像方案, 并介绍了它们的技术特点; 然后, 介绍了光声成像对生物组织的生化特性、组织力学特性、血液流速分布、温度分布参数、微结构特性等多信息参量的提取能力, 及其在生物系统的结构成像、功能成像、代谢成像、分子成像、基因成像等多领域的应用; 最后, 展望了光声成像在生物医学领域的应用潜力并讨论了其局限性.     

Precise micro-particle and bubble manipulation by tunable ultrasonic bottle beams

This paper reports a method to generate tunable bottle beams using an ultrasonic lens, by which the bottle position can be precisely adjusted with the change of the acoustic frequency. Therefore, the position of a single particle or bubble in liquid can be manipulated without using phased array which is costly and huge with complex circuits. Furthermore, we introduced this method to multiple bubble manipulation using acoustic holography. The bottle properties against frequency are theoretically and experimentally analyzed. It is shown that the bottle position depends almost linearly on the operating frequency, which provides a basis for the precise manipulation of bubbles and particles. In addition, the relationship between the acoustic radiation force and the drag force under different incident acoustic pressures is considered, establishing a limit on the moving velocity of the trapped particles. The ultrasonic field observation is further demonstrated by Schlieren imaging system. The proposed method has potential biomedical applications, such as more flexible cell manipulation and targeted drug delivery in vivo, as well as potential applications in the study of chemical reactions between micro objects.