基于分形维数的分析信号自适应中值滤波

提出一种面向分析仪器谱图信号处理的分形维自适应中值波方法（AMeFFD）。该法延拓运用分形理论，定义了相对点盒维数概念，由此建立建立判定脉冲型噪声的特异性指标，从而可自动调节中值滤波窗口宽度，有效地滤除脉冲型噪声及其它类噪声。对仿真色谱信号及实测色谱图的处理结果表明：AMeFFD法克服了经典中值滤波算法的缺陷，无论在信号的均方根偏差还是谱峰差等指标上，均明显优于后者，能在确保谱峰不畸变的同时更有效地滤除脉冲型常见噪声，是处理化学谱图信号的有力工具。     

EPA甲酯和DHA甲酯标准样品的制备和结构解析

从鱼油中分离制备得到二十碳五烯酸（EPA）甲酯和二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）甲酯,采用红外光谱、质谱、核磁共振波谱等手段对EPA甲酯和DHA甲酯的结构进行表征,提供了不饱和脂肪酸甲酯标准物质研制基础。样品的红外光谱（IR）、质谱（MS）、核磁共振谱图（1HNMR、13CNMR）所给出的结构信息与EPA甲酯和DHA甲酯的化学结构式相符,并通过DEPT谱和I3C-1H COSY化学位移相关谱（HMBC）对各共振峰进行了指认,样品的谱图数据与文献报道基本一致。     

X射线光电子能谱中的分峰处理

文章详细介绍了X射线光电子能谱分峰操作的流程,对谱图中单峰和多峰的荷电位移、数据平滑、背景扣除、谱峰确认和多高斯拟合操作的数学流程进行了图解。我们认为,具有足够连续宽度和强度的峰值处才可以被判定为峰;谱图中可以进行含量定量的谱峰强度应在背景涨落的10倍以上;最后得到的分峰结果,还应进行统计检验。     

一种新的测定寡糖链中糖体亚谱的NMR方法

报道一种新的测定寡糖链糖体亚谱的NMR方法, 称为MMDY混合脉冲梯度选择一维HOHAHA法. 本方法采用MMDY混合脉冲与双梯度自旋回波脉冲相结合, 为解决高度重叠的¹H NMR谱图分析困难提供了有力手段. 本方法的主要特点是: 采用双梯度自旋回波脉冲进行选择激发, 与差谱为基础的选择激发方法相比不但可节省测定时间, 而且谱图干净, 没有差谱伪峰; MMDY混合脉冲的磁化接力相干转移非常有效, 远程磁化转移信号的灵敏度高, 对于偶合常数大约为1 Hz的微弱偶合自旋体系, 如阿拉伯糖和鼠李糖, 也能够得到完整的亚谱; 梯度脉冲只是用于相干路径选择, 灵敏度比较高, 并且纯吸收形的高质量亚谱不经过复杂的Z-滤波步骤就可以快速得到, 因此比较适用于常规样品分析. 以苷类化合物为例讨论本方法的特点以及在谱峰高度的寡糖结构测定中的应用.     

高斯函数算法在模拟解析热分析谱图中的应用

模拟和解析了ＣｕＳＯ４·５Ｈ２Ｏ和ＮＨ４ＮＯ３的ＤＴＡ峰谱图。通俗化地简介决定峰形的三参数（Ｃ０、Ｔ０和Ｈ０）经由实验谱图来测算的方法；合成法分峰微机处理技术；不分峰而由参数直接求算反应温度和峰面积（包括重叠峰内）的算法原理和具体步骤。为科研和实验教学解谱提供简便易行的方法。     

峰形分析辅助色谱定性的研究

尝试建立了一种通过峰形分析进行色谱定性的方法。首先选择一组既易于测量,又能较好地表征色谱峰形特性的参数（峰宽、不对称因子）作为峰形分析的基础;其次,通过理论和实验证明：对于保留时间与标准物质非常接近的未知组分,可将样品与标准物质混合进样,得到重叠谱图（表观为单峰）,然后通过对重叠谱峰与标准物质谱峰的峰形分析与比较,达到对未知物定性的目的。     

苯亚甲基丙二腈在汞阴极上的还原反应

本文应用了多种电化学方法(循环伏安法,微分脉冲极谱法等)及UV光谱,GC-MS手段研究了苯亚甲基丙二腈(BDMN)在汞阴极上的还原过程.在0.03mol.L^-1四乙基溴化铵(TEAB),50%二氧六环-水介质中BDMN还原的微分脉冲极谱图上有两个峰,第一个峰是此分子中的双键还原,生成苄基丙二腈引起的,峰电位在-0.98V(vs.SCE).第二个峰的峰电位在-1.55V(vs.SCE),此峰是BDMN的水解产物苯甲醛还原为苯甲醇产生的.BDMN的整个电极反应为ECEC过程.此处,对BDMN及二氧六环在汞电极上的吸附现象也进行了研究.     

36种灵芝产品傅里叶变换红外光谱快速鉴别研究

利用傅里叶变换红外光谱法（FTIR）无损快速鉴别了36种灵芝类产品。灵芝、孢子粉和菌丝体的红外谱图差别较显著;不同厂家所生产的灵芝产品由于所选用灵芝的产地不同、所用辅料的种类以及辅料所添加的多少不同,均引起了谱图的相对峰强度和波数位置的改变。结果表明：36种灵芝产品均可以根据红外的特征谱图进行分类鉴别。该方法快速、不需对灵芝产品进行分离提取。     

基于多尺度小波变换的红外光谱谱峰识别算法

传统的谱峰检测方法一般分为3个步骤:谱线平滑、基线校正和谱峰识别.现有的基于小波变换的峰值检测方法能较好地将基线校正和谱峰识别两个步骤融为一步.在此基础之上,本研究将谱线平滑也很好地融入到小波变换的峰值检测算法中,使整个峰值检测算法成为一个整体.在峰值提取时,原始谱图直接处理,不再是处理加工过的谱图,减小了谱峰检测结果...     

242-260nm波长区CS2分子的多光子解离电离

在242－260nm波氏范围通过CS2分子的共振增强多光子电离（REMPI）获得了母体离子CS和碎片离子的分质量激发谱．在λ＜246.4nm区间，CS激发谱上呈现出来源于CS2双光子电离的弥散谱带,碎片离子激发谱的归属强烈提示多光子过程中有中性基电子态的CS和S（经由CS2的光解离）产生：（1）CS 的谱带主要来源于中性CS碎片经由单光子跃迁产生的（1＋1）共振增强电离，（2）除了部分S 的谱峰来自CS 的光解外，多数S 的锐谱峰来自中性S原子经由3p3（2D0）4p，3p3（4S0）np（n＝6，7，8）←3p43pJ（J＝2，1,0）双光子跃迁产生的（2＋1）共振增强电离．     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.