2,3,6-三甲氧基β-环糊精与取代苯酚包结作用的1H NMR研究

报道了水溶液中主体2,3,6-三甲氧基β-环糊精与客体氢酸及甲酚异构体包结作用的核磁共振研究结果.研究表明,四种不同的取代苯酚均能进入主体的疏水腔中发生包结作用;根据主体甲氧基质子化学位移的变化值随不同主客体浓度的变化关系计算出水溶液中主体和不同客体间包结作用的平衡常数.     

1H NMR STUDIES OF 2,3,6-TRI-O-METHYLATED

报道了水溶液中主体2，3，6-三甲氧基β-环糊精与客体氢醌及甲酚异构体包结作用的核磁共振研究结果.研究表明，四种不同的取代苯酚均能进入主体的疏水腔中发生包结作用；根据主体甲氧基质子化学位移的变化值随不同主客体浓度的变化关系计算出水溶液中主体和不同客体间包结作用的平衡常数.     

α-环糊精和甲酚异构体包结的动态结构及其平衡常数的NMR研究

报道了重水溶液中α-环糊精与对甲酚、间甲酚发生包结作用的¹H NMR研究结果.实验发现,尽管未包结的α-环糊精和包结后的α-环糊精疏水腔中的同类质子有着不同的化学位移,但¹H NMR只检测到一个峰,且峰的位置随包结程度的变化而异.由1 HNMR的数据计算得到了α-环糊精在不同包结程度下的平均几何结构和平衡常数,描述了客体在主体腔中进入深度动态变化的情形,并和β-环糊精的结果进行了比较.     

β-环糊精与左氧氟沙星超分子配合物的合成、表征及其与DNA的结合性质

研究了以环糊精为主体,左氧氟沙星为客体的配位反应,用紫外-可见吸收光谱法,分子荧光光度法,差热分析法,X-衍射法等方法对超分子配合物进行了表征,并对超分子配合物的形成进行了初步讨论,实验结果表明:β-环糊精与左氧氟沙星分子形成物质的量比为1∶1的超分子配合物.通过β-环糊精超分子配合物的形成,进一步研究了左氧氟沙星与DNA的作用机理,发现它们之间主要作用力是疏水作用.     

多光谱法和分子对接研究α-熊果苷与人血清白蛋白的相互作用

α-熊果苷是一种能够止咳平喘的植物提取物,有关它与蛋白质的相互作用及作用机理报道较少。应用光谱学与分子对接技术研究了在不同条件下α-熊果苷与人血清白蛋白（HSA）的相互作用。研究结果显示：随着α-熊果苷浓度的增大,HSA荧光强度得到了显著增强并且荧光光谱发生了蓝移。利用荧光增敏的各种有关方程求得了α-熊果苷在不同温度下与HSA作用的结合常数, 通过范特霍夫方程计算HSA与α-熊果苷相互作用过程中的ΔH=-23.29 kJ·mol-1和ΔS=40.96 J·mol-1·K-1,说明α-熊果苷与HSA之间的主要作用力是氢键和疏水作用力。通过紫外吸收光谱、同步荧光光谱、三维荧光光谱等光谱学方法研究发现α-熊果苷使HSA的构象发生改变。通过HSA与α-熊果苷作用前后圆二色二级结构的定量分析可得知,HSA与α-熊果苷复合物的形成使蛋白质螺旋稳定性降低。最后应用分子对接实验,验证了α-熊果苷与HSA间的相互作用位点在HSA的siteⅡ（亚域ⅢA）,α-熊果苷能通过氢键和疏水作用力等多种作用力很好的结合在亚域ⅢA的疏水腔中。从实验中获得的数据能够阐明α-熊果苷对HSA的作用机制,同时能够有助于理解α-熊果苷在人体的储藏运输过程中对蛋白质功能的影响。     

环糊精内腔大小影响α－溴代萘光谱行为的研究

本文观察到在环糊精水溶液中，环糊精（ＣＤｓ）的空腔大小对α－溴代萘（α－ＢｒＮｐ）的光谱行为有显著影响。根据实验指出这一结果来源于其与客体分子的包络方式不同，并提出了β－ＣＤ与α－ＢｒＮｐ间２：２重叠包络物的生成这一新的包络机理。     

β-环糊精手性识别D/L-樟脑磺酸的NMR研究

利用高分辨液体NMR技术考察了D₂O中β-环糊精与手性药物D/L-樟脑磺酸对映体之间的相互作用,结果表明樟脑磺酸对映体能够进入β-环糊精的疏水空腔并与之发生手性相互作用. β-环糊精能够手性识别樟脑磺酸对映体. 化学计量关系实验和2D ROESY实验结果表明,樟脑磺酸对映体的疏水结构只能从β-环糊精疏水空腔的宽口端进入,并形成化学计量比为1∶1的非对映体络合物.     

光谱法研究杀鼠剂溴鼠灵与环糊精超分子体系及分析应用

利用光谱法研究了β-环糊精与二代抗凝杀鼠剂溴鼠灵的超分子作用,根据Benesi-Hildebrand法确定二者的包络比为1∶1,室温下包络常数为1.048×104 L·mol-1。实验还考察了二者的包络机理,推测主要是溴鼠灵结构中的疏水基团联苯基进入了β-环糊精的疏水空腔。同时发现,超分子包络物的形成可以大大增强溴鼠灵的荧光发射,据此,建立了水溶液中测定溴鼠灵的荧光分析方法。在优化实验条件下,线性范围8.0×10-8～4.0×10-6 mol·L-1(r=0.999 4),检出限为8.8×10-9 mol·L-1,并成功地用于环境水中微量溴鼠灵的测定。     

苦皮藤水解产物中的β-二氢沉香呋喃倍半萜多醇的NMR研究

苦皮藤根皮提取物经碱性水解和色谱分离得到4种β-二氢沉香呋喃倍半萜多醇化合物，并采用光谱方法，确证其结构分别为1β，2β，4α，6α，9α，15-六羟基β- 二氢沉香呋喃（1），1β，2β，4α，6α，8β，9α，15-七羟基β-二氢沉香呋喃（2），1β，2β，4 α，6β，9α，15-六羟基β-二氢沉香呋喃（3）和1β，2β，4α，6α，8α ，9β，15-七羟基β-二氢沉香呋喃（4）. 化合物2和3为新化合物.     

β-环糊精手性识别D/L-樟脑磺酸的NMR研究

利用高分辨液体NMR技术考察了D_2O中β-环糊精与手性药物D/L-樟脑磺酸对映体之间的相互作用, 结果表明樟脑磺酸对映体能够进入β-环糊精的疏水空腔并与之发生手性相互作用. β-环糊精能够手性识别樟脑磺酸对映体. 化学计量关系实验和2D ROESY实验结果表明, 樟脑磺酸对映体的疏水结构只能从β-环糊精疏水空腔的宽口端进入, 并形成化学计量比为1∶1的非对映体络合物.     

辣椒碱与β-环糊精包合物的核磁共振研究

利用核磁共振方法研究了辣椒碱β-环糊精包合物的化学计量比、空间结构信息及其在水溶液中的自扩散系数. 通过测定不同浓度比的辣椒碱和β-环糊精混合溶液的 ¹H NMR数据,绘制Job's曲线,辣椒碱和β-环糊精的Job's曲线均在r=0.5处出现拐点. 同时测定了该包合物的2D ROESY和DOSY谱图,ROESY谱图中NOE交叉信号出现在辣椒碱的H-1~H-8和β-环糊精的H-3′、H-5′、H-6′之间,DOSY测得β-环糊精和辣椒碱形成包合物前后的表观自扩散系数. 结果表明,辣椒碱β-环糊精包合物的主客体分子的化学计量比为1∶1,辣椒碱分子的异丙基端从β-环糊精的宽口端进入疏水腔,其中H-1~H-8部分在空腔内部,包合物的自扩散系数为2.95×10^-10m²/s.     

Porous silicon with β-cyclodextrin modified surface for photoluminescence sensing of organic molecules in gas and liquid phase

Porous silicon surface was modified by photochemically activated hydrosilylation reaction with permethyl-6^I-alkenoylamino-6^I-deoxy-β-cyclodextrins terminated with linear alkenoyl spacers of various lengths. As compared to unmodified surface, derivatized surfaces revealed modified photoluminescence response in the presence of controlled amounts of various organic molecules in gas and liquid phase. For the selected set of analytes we observed most significant modification of photoluminescence response for aromatic compounds what corresponds to optimum molecular size for strong host–guest interaction with β-cyclodextrin cavity. Aliphatic compounds quenched photoluminescence from both unmodified and surface modified porous silicon. For low gas phase concentrations of aromatic analytes β-cyclodextrin modified porous silicon revealed photoluminescence enhancement, at higher concentrations common photoluminescence quenching was observed. The size-dependent host–guest interaction between β-cyclodextrin cavity and detected molecule was observed in photoluminescence quenching in the presence of aliphatic molecules in liquid phase. The role of the strength of host–guest interactions between detected analytes and β-cyclodextrin cavity on photoluminescence sensor response is discussed.     

Diffusion coefficients of sodium dodecylsulfate in aqueous solutions and in aqueous solutions of β-cyclodextrin

Differential diffusion coefficients have been measured of sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) in aqueous solutions of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) at 298.15 K over the concentration range 0.001 M to 0.0817 M using a conductimetric cell and an automatic apparatus to follow the diffusion. The cell uses an open ended capillary method, while a conductimetric technique is used to follow the diffusion process by measuring the resistance of a solution inside the capillaries, at various recorded times. The β-CD is known to for strong 1:1 complexes with SDS, and the effect of this on the diffusion of this electrolyte was investigated. The presence of β-cyclodextrin can influence the diffusion coefficients of sodium dodecylsulfate both above and below the critical micelle concentration (cmc) of this surfactant. For concentrations of β-cyclodextrin of 0.001 mol dm⁻³ the behaviour of the diffusion of SDS in aqueous solutions is the same in the absence or the presence of β-cyclodextrin. In contrast, when the β-CD concentration is 0.016 mol dm⁻³ we obtain diffusion coefficients higher than those obtained in aqueous solutions. Further, we do not observe the dramatic decrease in diffusion normally found at the cmc of the surfactant. These results are interpreted in terms of the effect of incorporation of dodecylsulfate chains inside the cyclodextrin cavities.     

Transport properties of aqueous solutions of calcium lactate in the absence and presence of β-cyclodextrin

Mutual diffusion coefficients and electrical conductivity of a well-known food additive and supplement, or excipient in pharmaceutical formulations, calcium lactate, have been measured in the absence and presence of β-cyclodextrin in aqueous solutions, at 298.15 K. The dependence of conductivity on concentration has been analysed using the Fuoss-Edelson method. The values of the Nernst diffusion coefficients, for binary solutions, derived from conductance and from diffusion experiments are in good agreement. The presence of β-cyclodextrin leads to a non-expected effect on the transport properties of the aqueous solutions of calcium lactate. These data have been justified with help of ¹H NMR spectroscopy. The effect on the water structure, reducing the hydration shell of lactate, is argued. This leads to an increase of the effective concentration of calcium lactate in solution contributing to an increase in the diffusion coefficients and a decrease in the dependence of the electrical conductance on the concentration.     

Molecular dynamics in aqueous solutions of β-cyclodextrin

Water molecule mobility in ion-containing and nonionic aqueous solutions of β-cyclodextrin was studied by quasielastic neutron scattering (QENS). The total self-diffusion coefficients and their components corresponding to the contributions from collective (Lagrange type) and single-particle (jump diffusion) parts of molecular motions were determined. From the data obtained, one can conclude that the molecular mobility of free water in nonionic aqueous solutions of β-cyclodextrin with guest molecules (2-aminopyridine) proceeds by a single-particle mechanism. The addition of Pb²⁺ ions into the solution leads to increase in self-diffusion coefficients and growth of a bound water fraction.     

Diffusion of thermonuclear alpha particles under the influence of intense LH waves

Recently, a new mechanism was proposed by Fisch and Rax which should lead to amplification of lower hybrid (LH) waves at the expense of alpha particles energy, improving thus the LH current drive efficiency. The present contribution investigates the possibility of achieving the conditions on which this mechanism — based on the spatial diffusion of fusion alpha particles — could become operative. The analysis performed shows that in reactor grade tokamaks, the penetration of LH waves into the plasma column is very poor due to the intense electron Landau damping and the complicated geometry of the equilibrium magnetic fields. Consequently, at acceptable LHW input power levels, the waves do not reach the regions where fusion alpha particle power could reasonably compensate the losses of LHW energy due to the damping by electrons. The model of Fisch and Rax is based on special features of the induced diffusion of alpha particles in the energy-configuration space. Using suitable Hamiltonian formalism, the LHW induced radial diffusion of alpha particles and the energy transport between LHW and alpha particles in the frame of generalized quasilinear lines of diffusion constraint is also investigated. A rather strong change ofk of LHW along the ray trace can contribute to the change of energy transport between LHW and alpha particles as well.The authors are indebted to Dr. R. Klíma for valuable discussions.     

Impact of surface phase transitions and structure on surface diffusion profiles of Pb and Bi over Cu(1 0 0)

Surface diffusion of Pb and Bi over Cu(1 0 0) surfaces has been studied by scanning Auger microscopy techniques. The diffusion profiles of Pb and Bi have been found to be quite different. The results show that three major factors control the shapes of the surface diffusion profiles: (a) First order phase transitions, which lead to phase coexistence over specified coverage ranges, tend to produce abrupt changes in coverage versus distance profiles; (b) profiles can be affected by the existence of significant differences in the diffusion coefficients of the various phases present, and by the possibility (c) of important changes in diffusivity within a given phase, as a function of coverage, due to interactions between the diffusing atoms. In addition, it has been shown that the strong connection between diffusion profile shapes and the 2D phase diagram allows certain features of the 2D phase diagram to be determined from diffusion profiles.     

β-CD降低强干扰体系中HABS的紫外光谱干扰及检测机理

通过在重烷基苯磺酸盐类表面活性剂(HABS)的水溶液中加入摩尔比为1∶1的β-环糊精,利用的紫外吸收光谱检测存在强干扰影响时的HABS含量。结果表明,β-环糊精具有明显降低三采复配驱油剂中十六烷基磺酸钠(SAS)、烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚(OP-10)及聚丙烯酰胺(HPAM)等常用组分对HABS定量产生的干扰影响,能显著降低HABS的检测误差至2.0%以内,该方法的检出限(S/N=3)为8.3～9.1×10-4 mg·L-1。通过1H-NMR,TG-DSC及FT-IR表征研究了HABS分子与β-环糊精分子之间的相互作用。1H-NMR结果表明了HABS分子已进入了β-环糊精分子的内部空腔;TG-DSC结果表明没有自由态的HABS存在,HABS分子与β-环糊精分子已形成了包结物;FT-IR的表征结果显示了HABS分子与β-环糊精分子之间的官能团作用。结合这些表征结果推测出HABS分子可以沿着β-环糊精的内腔径向大、小口径端2个方向进入β-环糊精的内腔并形成了稳定的包结物。包结物中HABS与β-环糊精之间的相互作用是β-环糊精降低强干扰体系中HABS紫外光谱干扰的主要原因。     

Ab-initio calculations of interactions between Cu adatoms on Cu(1 1 0): Sensitivity of strong multi-site interactions to adatom relaxations

We have parameterized the various interactions between Cu adatoms on Cu(1 1 0) using density-functional theory based ab-initio calculations. Our results indicate that in addition to pair interactions, 3-adatom and 4-adatom interactions of significant strengths are present in this system. This further stresses the importance of multi-site interactions in constructing a complete lattice–gas picture. Even though adding these multi-site interactions leads to good convergence in interaction energies, we find that some multi-site interactions are very sensitive to adatom relaxations. This makes the application of a simple lattice–gas picture inadequate for such surfaces. We also parameterize adatom interactions on this surface using the recently developed connector model. The connector model parameterization is as efficient as the parameterization using lattice–gas model. Further, we present diffusion barriers for nearest-neighbor (NN) and next-nearest-neighbor (NNN) hops on this surface.     

Fast ionic transport in Ag<Subscript><Emphasis Type="Italic">x</Emphasis></Subscript>TiS<Subscript>2</Subscript>

The enthalpy of the subsystem of silver ions in the intercalation compounds Ag _x TiS₂ has been calculated from the electrochemically measured thermodynamic functions of the silver subsystem. The ionic conductivity and the coupled chemical diffusion coefficients for silver in the intercalation compound have been measured. The activation energy for diffusion of silver ions is determined and the obtained value is interpreted from analyzing the concentration dependence of the enthalpy of the ionic subsystem. The conclusion has been drawn that the high diffusion mobility is associated with the competition between the covalent and elastic interactions, which decreases the activation energy for diffusion of ions.