Experimental excess molar volumes of the ternary mixture and comparisonwith several empirical methods

Experimental excess molar volumes for the ternary system {x₁MTBE+x₂1-propanol+(1–x₁–x₂)nonane} and the three involved binary mixtures have been determined at 298.15 K and atmospheric pressure. Excess molar volumes were determined from the densities of the pure liquids and mixtures, using a DMA 4500 Anton Paar densimeter. The ternary mixture shows maximum values around the binary mixture MTBE+nonane and minimum values for the mixture MTBE+propanol. The ternary contribution to the excess molar volume is negative, with the exception of a range located around the rich compositions of 1-propanol. Several empirical equations predicting ternary mixture properties from experimental binary mixtures have been applied.     

Measurements and analysis of excess molar volumes for the ternary mixture MTBE + 1-pentanol + decane

Summary Densities at 298.15 K and atmospheric pressure have been measured, using a DMA 4500 Anton Paar densimeter, for the ternary mixture methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE)+1-pentanol+decane and for the involved binary mixtures MTBE+1-pentanol and 1-pentanol+decane. The excess molar volumes for the binary mixture MTBE+decane was reported in an earlier work [1]. In addition, excess molar volumes were determined from the densities of the pure liquids and mixtures. Suitable fitting equations have been used in order to correlate adequately the excess molar volumes. The empirical expressions of Kohler [18], Jacob and Fitzner [19], Colinet [20], Knobeloch and Schwartz [21], Tsao and Smith [22], Toop [23], Scatchard et al. [24], Hillert [25], Mathieson and Thynne [26] were applied to estimate ternary properties from binary results.     

Mathematical description of the softening temperature of poly(vinyl chloride) blends with solid-state chlorinated polyethylene

Summary Excess molar volumes of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE)+1-pentanol+octane and the binary mixtures MTBE+1-pentanol and 1-pentanol+octane, were measured at 298.15 K and atmospheric pressure, using a DMA 4500 Anton Paar densimeter. All the experimental values were compared with the results obtained by empirical expressions for estimating ternary properties from binary results.     

Determination of experimental excess molar properties for MTBE+1-propanol+octane

Summary Experimental excess molar enthalpies and densities have been measured for the ternary mixture x₁MTBE+x₂1-propanol+(1-x₁-x₂)octane and the involved binary mixtures at 298.15 K and atmospheric pressure. In addition, excess molar volumes were determined from the densities of the pure liquids and mixtures. A standard Calvet microcalorimeter was employed to determine the excess molar enthalpies. Densities were measured using a DMA 4500 Anton Paar densimeter. The UNIFAC group contribution model (in the versions of Larsen et al., and Gmehling et al.) has been used to estimate excess enthalpies values. Experimental data were also used to test several empirical expressions for estimating ternary properties from experimental binary results.     

Study on volumetric measurement and correlations for MTBE+1-propanol+decane at 298.15 K and atmospheric pressure

Summary Experimental densities for the ternary mixture x₁MTBE+x₂1-propanol+(1-x₁-x₂)decane and the binary mixtures xMTBE +(1-x)1-propanol and x1-propanol+(1-x)decane have been measured at 298.15 K and atmospheric pressure, using a DMA 4500 Anton Paar densimeter. Excess molar volumes were determined from the densities of the pure liquids and mixtures. Attending to the symmetry of the studied mixtures, suitable fitting equations have been used in order to correlate adequately the experimental data. For the ternary mixture, experimental data were also used to test several empirical expressions for estimating ternary properties from experimental binary results.     

Ternary mixture MTBE+1-pentanol+nonane at 298.15 K and atmospheric pressure

Densities at 298.15 K and atmospheric pressure have been measured, using a DMA 4500 Anton Paar densimeter, for the ternary mixture methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE)+1-pentanol+nonane and for the involved binary mixture 1-pentanol+nonane. In addition, excess molar volumes were determined from the densities of the pure liquids and mixtures. Suitable fitting equations have been used in order to correlate adequately the excess molar volumes. Experimental data were also used to test several empirical expressions for estimating ternary properties from experimental binary results.     

Excess molar volumes and excess viscosities for then-hexane+dichloromethane+tetrahydrofuran ternary system at 25°C

Exces molar volumes, and excess viscosities of then-hexane+dichloromethane+tetrahydrofuran system have been determined at 25°C by measuring densities and viscosities. Different expressions exist in the literature to predict these excess properties from binary data. The empirical correlation of Cibulka is shown to be the best in this system.     

Molar and partial molar excess volumes of di-n-butylamine with chloroalkanes at 25°C

Molar excess volumes and partial molar excess volumes are reported for binary mixtures of dibutylamine+dichloromethane, trichloromethane and tetrachloromethane at 25°C, over the whole concentration range. A comparative study is made between the primary and secondary amines and their mixtures with chloroalkanes. The applicability of the so-called ERAS model for predicting thermodynamic excess properties is tested here for excess molar volumes; the calculated values agree quite well with experimental data.     

Densities,excess molar volumes,and partial molar volumes for binary mixtures of water with monoethanolamine,diethanolamine, and triethanolamine from 25 to 80°C

We have measured densities of binary mixtures of water with monoethanolamine (MEA), diethanolamine (DEA), and triethanolamine (TEA) over the full range of compositions and over the temperature range from 25 to 80°C. Results of these measurements have been used in calculating excess molar volumes and partial molar volumes. Knowledge of the volumetric properties of these mixtures is useful in connection with industrial treatment of acidic gases; derived excess molar volumes and partial molar volumes can be used as a basis for understanding some of the molecular interactions in water-organic mixtures.Presented at the Symposium, 76^th CSC Congress, Sherbrooke, Quebec, May 30–June 3, 1993, honoring Professor Donald Patterson on the occasion of his 65^th birthday.     

Determination of the excess molar and partial molar volumes of the constituents in the binary mixtures with tri-ethylamine

The excess molar volume and excess partial molar volumes of binary mixtures of tri-ethylamine with toluene (Tn), ethylbenzene (Ebz) and n-propylbenzene (n-PBz) have been calculated using the MS-Excel method. The excess molar volumes have been found to be negative throughout the entire range of composition. The temperature effects are found to be insignificant, so the mixtures may be termed regular mixtures of Hildebrand.     

Molar excess volumes of furfuryl alcohol and aromatic hydrocarbons at 25°C

Molar excess volumes of mixing V^E for binary mixtures of furfuryl alcohol with the aromatic hydrocarbons benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and o-, m-, and p-xylene were determined for the entire composition range at 25°C. V^E was negative for the mixtures containing benzene, toluene and pxylene but positive for mixtures containing ethylbenzene and o- and m-xylene. The results are discussed in terms of specific interaction present in the binary mixture and are compared with those previously reported for tetrahydrofuran, fur an or furfural binary mixtures with aromatic hydrocarbons.     

Excess molar enthalpies of the ternary system mtbe+ethanol+hexane

Excess molar enthalpies of the ternary mixture {x₁ tert-butyl methyl ether (MTBE)+x₂ ethanol+(1–x₁–x₂) hexane} and, the involved binary mixtures {x tert-butyl methyl ether (MTBE)+(1–x) ethanol}, {x tert-butyl methyl ether (MTBE)+(1–x) hexane} and {x ethanol+( 1–x) hexane} have been measured at 298.15 K and atmospheric pressure, over the whole composition range, using a Calvet microcalorimeter. The results were fitted by means of different variable degree polynomials.     

Excess and partial excess molar volumes of 1,4-dichlorobutane with butanols at 25 and 40°C

From density measurements over the whole composition range at 25 and 40°C excess molar volumes for binary mixtures of 1,4-dichlorobutane with l-butanol, 2-butanol, 2-methyl-l-propanol or 2-methyl-2-propanol are calculated. V^E results were fitted by the method of least squares to a smoothing equation. Excess partial molar volumes and limiting excess partial molar volumes at 25° are also calculated.     

Excess molar enthalpies of the ternary system MTBE+ethanol+octane

Excess molar enthalpies of the ternary mixture {x ₁ tert-butyl methyl ether (MTBE)+x ₂ ethanol+(1–x ₁–x ₂) octane} and the involved binary mixture {x ethanol+(1–x) octane} have been measured at 298.15 K and atmospheric pressure, over the whole composition range, using a Calvet microcalorimeter. The results were fitted by means of different variable degree polynomials.     

Thermodynamics of aqueous mixtures of nonelectrolytes. I. Excess volumes of water-n-alcohol mixtures at several temperatures

Excess volumes of binary mixtures of water with methanol, ethanol and 1-propanol were obtained from density measurements at 5 degree intervals from 15 to 35°C over the entire composition range. Excess thermal expansion coefficients, partial molar excess volumes, and expansibilities at 25°C were derived from the results. The significance of these values is discussed in relation to hypothesized structural changes in the mixtures.     

Excess Molar Volumes and Viscosities for Binary Mixtures of 1-Alkoxypropan-2-ols with 1-Butanol, and 2-Butanol at 298.15 K and Atmospheric Pressure

Excess molar volumes Vm^E and kinematic viscosities v have been measured as a function of composition for binary mixtures of propylene glycol monomethyl ether （1-methoxy-2-propanol）, MeOCH2CH（OH）Me, propylene glycol monoethyl ether （1-ethoxy-2-propanol）, EtOCH2CH（OH）Me, propylene glycol monopropyl ether （1-propoxy-2-propanol）, PrOCH2CH（OH）Me, propylene glycol monobutyl ether （1-butoxy-2-propanol）, BuOCH2CH（OH）Me, and propylene glycol tert-butyl ether （1-tert-butoxy-2-propanol）, t-BuOCH2CH（OH）Me with 1-butanol, and 2-butanol, at 298.15 K and atmospheric pressure. The excess molar volumes are negative across the entire range of composition for all the systems with 1-butanol, and positive for the systems 2-butanol＋ 1-methoxy-2-propanol, and ＋1-propoxy-2-propanol, negative for the systems 2-butanol＋1-butoxy-2-propanol, and change sign for the systems 2-butanol＋ 1-ethoxy-2-propanol, and ＋ 1-tert-butoxy-2-propanol. From the experimental data, the deviation in dynamic viscosity η from ∑χiηi has been calculated. Both excess molar volumes and viscosity deviations have been correlated using a Redlich-Kister type polynomial equation by the method of least-squares for the estimation of the binary coefficients and the standard errors.     

Prediction of excess molar volumes of binary mixtures of organic compounds from refractive indices

The excess molar volumes of 51 binary mixtures containing diverse groups of organic compounds: alcohols (methanol, ethanol, propan-1-ol, butan-1-ol, pentan-1-ol, hexan-1-ol, and heptan-1-ol), (cyclo-) alkanes (hexane, heptane, octane, nonane, decane, undecane, dodecane, and cyclohexane), esters (diethyl carbonate and ethyl chloroacetate), aromatics (o-xylene, m-xylene, p-xylene, and ethylbenzene), ketones (acetone), and ethers (anisole), were predicted from the refractive index data, using three types of equations coupled with several different mixing rules for refractive index calculations: the Lorentz-Lorenz, Dale-Gladstone, Eykman, Arago-Biot, Newton, and the Oster. These systems were chosen since they belong to different classes of organic species forming molecular interactions and intermolecular forces during mixing resulting in positive or negative, smaller or larger deviations from ideal behaviour. The obtained results were analysed in terms of the applied equation and mixing rule, the nature of compounds of the mixtures and the influence of alkyl chain length of the alkane or alcohol molecule. Presented at the 34th International Conference of the Slovak Society of Chemical Engineering, Tatranské Matliare, 21–25 May 2007.     

Molar excess heat capacities and volumes for mixtures of alkanoates with cyclohexane at 25°C

Molar excess volumes V ^E at 25°C have been determined by vibrating-tube densimetry, as a function of mole fraction x for different series of an alkanoate (H _2m+1 C _m COOC _n H _2n+1 )+cyclohexane. Three types of alkanoates were investigated, i.e., methanoates (m=0, with n=3 and 4), ethanoates (m=1, with n=2, 3, and 4) and propanoates (m=2, with n=1, 2, and 3). In addition, a Picker flow calorimeter was used to obtain molar excess heat capacities C _p ^E at constant pressure at the same temperature. V ^E is positive for all systems and rather symmetric, with V ^E (x=0.5) amounting to almost identical values in a series of mixtures containing an alkanoate isomer of same formula (say C₄H₈O₂, C₅H₁₀O₂, or C₆H₁₂O₂). The composition dependence of C _p ^E is rather unusual in that two more or less marked minima are observed for most of the mixtures, especially when the alkanoate is a methanoate or an ethanoate. These results are discussed in terms of possible changes in conformation of both the ester and cyclohexane.