五象限法声源自动跟踪器

介绍由两同心圆组成的等投影面积五象限声－电测量装置的工作原理。当声波与声－电转换器的主要测象限垂直时，其声波在主要测象限内产生的声－电电压最强。根据声－电电压的变化大小来确定声源的方向，实现自动跟踪。     

高斯光束斜入射法布里—珀罗干涉仪的透射光强分布

基于多光束干涉原理,研究了高斯光束斜入射法布里—珀罗干涉仪的透射光强分布。结果表明,当以较大角度入射时,输出为一系列空间分离的光斑;当以较小角度入射时,输出尽管为单一光斑,但是与输入相比,其峰值强度位置发生了偏移,且光斑变大。     

激光三角测量中物面反射光斑重心偏移的修正

在进行激光(单)三角测量时,投影光束轴线的偏摆或投影光束在物面反射率不均匀处反射光斑重心的偏移会造成物面轮廓高度的测量误差。提出了采用双三角光路修正投影光束轴线偏摆和投影反射光斑重心偏移的方法,推导了修正公式;通过对物面反射率突变处轮廓高度的测量实验,验证了修正方法及公式的正确性;对灰度条模板表面轮廓进行双三角测量,轮廓高度均方根偏差小于0.07 mm。     

氧化亚铜光电池的制造工艺

一、前言氧化亚铜光电池是受到光线的照射而产生电动势的半导体器件。近代实际使用的半导体光电池有很多种,如硒光电池、硅光电池、锗光电池等等。至于氧化亚铜光电池,由于性能不够好,目前很少实用,但它却是最早制出来的一种半导体光电池器件,制造起来也容易,在一般物理实验室里都能做到。科学研究工作表明:氧化亚铜光电池的电动势的产生,是由于半透明电极与Cu_2O之间形成了阻挡层,在光线照射下,Cu_2O中被光激发     

激光对运动圆柱体加热的几何学研究

 当激光无论从地面或是从空中辐照运动的圆柱体时，都涉及到入射激光相对于圆柱体的辐照方式。在一定假设下，导出了激光对抛射圆柱体表面加热时圆柱表面热加载功率密度分布公式，并结合一理想情况，针对光束入射角度因子、光斑中心的偏移、光斑形状的变化进行了解析计算分析。分析表明，即使圆柱体本身不做自转，圆柱体表面的光强分布中心也会发生偏移，分布也会发生变化，尤其沿圆柱体轴向的分布变化较大，必须结合实际加以细化研究。     

中心偏移对阶跃圆柱多模光纤环形出射场的影响

在天文光纤光谱仪中,阶跃型圆柱多模光纤的出射场在有些情况下会变成环形分布的光斑而不是具有高斯分布的圆形光斑,这将对天文光谱测量造成重要影响,不仅引起伪光谱漂移导致光谱测量精度降低,而且还产生伪光谱结构使得原本复杂的天文光谱更加难以分析。利用光线理论对阶跃型圆柱多模光纤的光学传播性能进行分析,揭示了造成环形出射场形成的两大因素:一是入射偏移(包括中心偏移和角度偏移),另一个是圆柱光纤旋转不变性导致的空间光线传播方式。并通过建立入射中心偏移量与出射场环形分布的数学模型,研究了随着中心偏移量增大环形出射场的形成和演化过程,理论分析与实验现象吻合。     

光斑问题浅析

光斑问题是几何光学中比较典型的一种类型的习题,89年高考物理试题中就有一道有关光斑问题的计算题,光斑问题往往和透镜成像联系在一起,解答此类问题,常见的错误是把光斑看做像,直接应用透镜成像公式求解,像是物体经透镜折射后,其光线(或延长线)汇聚而成的,物体上某点发出的光线,必交于像的对应点上,而光斑是光沿着直线传播、或者光通过透镜折射后,照射到光屏上的光点排布形成的亮斑,不存在光线对应的交点问题,两者是不相同的。     

高斯光束斜入射窄带滤光片的透射光强分布

基于多光束干涉原理,推导了高斯光束斜入射角度调谐窄带滤光片后的透射光强表达式.在此基础上研究了入射角对高斯光束的透射特性的影响.计算和实验结果表明：随着入射角的增大,透射光强的光斑会出现一定程度的展宽现象|当入射角度较小时,输出为单一光斑,但其光强峰值位置产生了一定的偏移,并不在呈现高斯分布|当入射角度较大时,输出则为一系列的离散光斑.     

高斯光束斜入射窄带滤光片的透射光强分布

基于多光束干涉原理,推导了高斯光束斜入射角度调谐窄带滤光片后的透射光强表达式.在此基础上研究了入射角对高斯光束的透射特性的影响.计算和实验结果表明:随着入射角的增大,透射光强的光斑会出现一定程度的展宽现象;当入射角度较小时,输出为单一光斑,但其光强峰值位置产生了一定的偏移,并不在呈现高斯分布;当入射角度较大时,输出则为一系列的离散光斑.     

基于锥形透镜的光线入射角度测量系统设计与研究

为测量光线入射角度，设计了一种基于锥形透镜的新型光线入射角度测量系统。利用光阑、锥形透镜和图像接收装置，获取待测光线通过光阑射入锥形透镜后经过多次的折射和反射，在图像接收装置上得到的复杂光斑图像，通过图像处理得到光斑图像特征信息，进而求解光线入射角度。采用锥形透镜的测量方案，角度测量范围可达80°，精度最高可达 (1×10?4)″。该方案结构简单、体积小且不需要进行繁琐的安装调试。与现有的单光点测量等方法相比，该方案中锥形透镜具有角度放大作用，可大幅度提高测量精度且具有大视场；图像传感器像素分辨率对测量结果影响较小，系统光通量大，容易获得较高的信噪比。     

Propagation of Helmholtz-Gauss beams in weak turbulent atmosphere

Based on the Rytov approximation of light propagation in weak turbulent atmosphere,the closed-form expressions of field and average irradiance of each one of the four fundamental families of Helmholtz-Gauss (HzG)beams:cosine-Gauss beams,stationary Mathieu-Gauss beams,stationary parabolic-Gauss beams,and Bessel-Gauss beams,which are propagating in weak turbulent atmosphere,are obtained.The results show that the field and average irradiance can be written as the product of four factors:complex amplitude depending on the z-coordinate only,a Ganssian beam.a factor of complex phase perturbation induced by atmospheric turbulence,and a complex scaled version of the transverse shape of the non-diffracting beam.The effect of weak atmospheric turbulence on irradiance distribution of the HzG beam can be ignored.     

Investigation on characteristics of self-organization in Mach-Zehnder erbium-doped fiber laser cavity

The characteristics of coherent coupling in Mach-Zehnder erbium-doped fiber laser cavity are experimentally studied. By virtue of a seemly controlling of length difference between two interferometric arms, the obtained comb-like spectrum of interferometer resonator with a period of 0.06 nm commendably agrees with the theory of self-organization coherence. The coherent output exits from the output mirror of a fiber Bragg grating with 4.5% reflectivity. A high coherent combining efficiency of 94% is obtained. Investigation on characteristics of the leak power opens out self-organization mechanism in Mach-Zehnder composite cavity.     

Synergistic effects on iodine release in potassium iodide solution by combination of ultrasound and visible light irradiations

Iodine release in potassium iodide solution has been investigated under the irradiations of ultrasound and visible light respectively and simultaneously. We have observed that the amount of iodine liberated under the combined irradiation of ultrasound and visible light is larger than the sum of that under the respective irradiations of ultrasound and visible light, indicating a synergistic effect of ultrasound and visible light irradiations. Based on the investigation of the reaction kinetics of iodine liberated, we have ascribed the synergistic effect to the perfect stirring of the photochemical reactor induced by the applying simultaneous ultrasound. The ideal stirring can result in the homogenization of the primary light effect in the whole reaction medium, which induces the acceleration of the photochemical reaction. On behavior of our knowledge, there are few reports on the investigations of utilizing the combination of ultrasonic energy and light energy to accelerate the reaction yield and rate as well as the kinetics of the reaction.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

A study on the best irradiation dose of X-ray for Hep-2 cells by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was employed to study the human epidermis larynx carcinoma cell lines (Hep-2) which were irradiated by different doses of X-ray.The results show that (1) the irradiation of X-ray damages the structure of the CH3 groups of the thymine in DNA,which restrains the reproduction of Hep-2 cells effectively,(2) the 8 Gy dose of X-ray irradiation changes the framework and the relative contents of some proteins,lipids and the nucleic acid molecules intercellular in the greatest degree,and (3) the 8 Gy dose of X-ray irradiation is the best irradiation dose for lowering the degree of the cancerization of Hep-2 cells according to the criteria for the degree of the cancerization reported recently.Meanwhile,the apoptosis of these cells were detected by using flow cytometry (FCM) primarily.It shows that the apoptotic ratio of the Hep-2 cells depends on the irradiation dose to some extent,but is not linearly.And the apoptotic ratio of the 12 Gy dose group is the maximum (20.36%),but the apoptotic ratios of the 2 to 8 Gy dose groups change little.     

Experimental study on SC RF cavities by using China large grain niobium for ILC

Large grain niobium has the potential of simplifying the production sequence and consequently reducing the cost of the superconducting RF cavities for ILC.To investigate the feasibility of fabrication and the possibility to achieve high gradient by large grain cavities,two 1.3 GHz cavities were made of China large grain niobium and a series of vertical tests were carried out following several different surfaces treatment procedures.Two cavities have both reached the high gradient of more than 43 MV/m repeatedly and the maximum accelerating field of 47.9 MV/m has been achieved by China large grain niobium.This paper introduces the features of the fabrication and surface treatments on the large grain cavities and presents the preliminary results of the research.     

Analysis of Laser-generated Rayleigh wave on viscoelastic materials

In order to understand the viscoelasticity of material, this research has been conducted to study the propagation characteristics of viscoelastic Rayleigh wave theoretically. A model is presented for the pulsed laser generation of ultrasound on viscoelastic medium surface. Referred to the Kelvin model, the frequency equation and the normal displacement of viscoelastic Rayleigh wave were derived, the influence of the viscoelastic modulus on dispersion and attenuation was discussed. From the theoretical calculation, it is shown that the effect of viscoelasticity on the attenuation of Rayleigh wave is more than that on its dispersion. In the case of a weak viscosity, the attenuation of viscoelastic Rayleigh wave is directly proportional to viscosity modulus; the effect of shear viscosity on the attenuation is much more than that of bulk viscosity. The transient response of viscoelastic Rayleigh wave was also simulated using Laplace and Hankel inversion transform, which are showed in good agreement with the theoretic predictions. The model provides a useful tool for the determination of viscoelastic parameters of medium.     

Testifying experiment of the multi-pulse phenomena of capillary discharge soft-X-ray laser

In a capillary discharge experiment for the neon-like argon lasing, we have proposed an experimental scheme to verify that the multi-spike of X-ray diode (XRD) signal is a multi-pulse laser or is a reflection of the laser pulse in the XRD.The ceramic capillary has an inner diameter of 3mm and a length of 200mm.At the gas pressure of 28Pa and discharge current of 27kA, stable lasing has been realized.The experimental results prove that the multi-spike of XRD signal is a reflection of the electromagnetic signal produced by the laser pulse in the XRD.The improved electrocircuit scheme of the XRD to minimize the reflection phenomena is also found.     

Harmonic operation of high gain harmonic generation free electron laser

In high gain harmonic generation (HGHG) free electron laser (FEL), with the right choice of parameters of the modulator undulator, the dispersive section and the seed laser, one may make the spatial bunching of the electron beam density distribution correspond to one of the harmonic frequencies of the radiator radiation, instead of the fundamental frequency of the radiator radiation in conventional HGHG, thus the radiator undulator is in harmonic operation (HO) mode. In this paper, we investigate HO of HGHG FEL.Theoretical analyses with universal method are derived and numerical simulations in ultraviolet and deep ultraviolet spectral regions are given. It shows that the power of the 3rd harmonic radiation in the HO of HGHG may be as high as 18.5% of the fundamental power level. Thus HO of HGHG FEL may obtain short wavelength by using lower beam energy.     

Radiative spectra of thermal electromagnetic noise induced by planar realistic dielectrics

Spectral characteristics of stochastic fields and their spatial derivatives in various planar structures composed by lossy materials described by realistic dielectric functions are numerically calculated based on solutions to the problems of multipolar electromagnetic fields in a plane layered geometry. A displacement of the maximum of the spectral power densities for spatial derivatives of fluctuating fields to the high-frequency domain, a resonant increase in the density of states of the fluctuating fields at the frequencies of interface excitations and interference modes for the radiative part of the spectra, the influence of geometry on the density of states, and other peculiarities are found by numerical calculations and graphically demonstrated. Interpretations of the above effects are provided.