La3+对水稻幼根H+跨膜梯度和膜电位的影响

稀土有益于植物生长和作物品质 ,但其作用的机制尚不清楚。一些研究已经证明稀土不能进入到原生质体而只分布在质膜以外[1] 。这意味着质膜可能是稀土生理作用的原初位点。因此 ,稀土和质膜特征变化的关系十分重要。质膜的重要特征包括膜电位和质子跨膜梯度。膜电位的生理作用是为离子和代谢物的跨膜主动运输提供驱动力[2 ] 。而跨膜质子梯度除了提供质子驱动力外 ,在能量和信号转导方面也起着重要的作用[3 ] 。然而稀土对细胞质膜膜电位和质子跨膜梯度的影响未见有研究。本文揭示稀土对质膜膜电位和质子跨膜梯度的影响。1　材料和方法1.1　…     

叶绿素—稀土的光谱研究

植物光合作用中,叶绿素分子是重要的色素分子。它参与构成捕光天线和作用中心,在植物高效吸收和传递光能过程中起着重要作用。它的研究对于了解稀土元素对光合作用过程的影响和提高作物的光合效率,促进农业增产有着一定的理论和实际意义。 稀土农用已取得显著的增产效果。已发现稀土元素对植物光系统Ⅰ和光系统Ⅱ的活性有明显促进作用。然而,稀土元素对叶绿素作用机理尚未充分认识。本文进行了叶绿素-稀土的光谱研究。试图证明稀土元素的存在,特别是轻稀土对叶绿素分子捕获光子的影响。     

PMBP萃取-偶氮胂Ⅲ分光光度法测定茶叶中稀土元素总量

正稀土元素是镧系元素(15种)及与其性质相似的钪、钇两元素共17种元素的总称。稀土元素不仅可以促进植物根系的发育、促进幼苗生长,还能提高作物的产量、改善品质、增强作物的抗逆性和抗病性,因此在农业上得到了广泛的应用[1]。由于茶叶主要种植在高山上,容易受到干旱的影响,于是越来越多的茶农喷洒稀土药剂,以达到抗旱增产的目的,因此茶叶中会残留一定量的稀土元素,但国家标准GB 2762-2005《食品中污染物限量》中已规定茶叶     

稀土元素对合金高温氧化的影响

研究表明在形成Cr2O3/Al2O3膜的合金内添加微量稀土元素,可促进Cr/Al的选择性氧化,改变Cr2O3/Al2O3膜的生长传质机制,降低氧化膜的生长速率并改善其粘附性,从而显著提高合金的抗高温氧化性能。然而,稀土元素对合金高温氧化行为的影响机制目前尚存争议。在系统归纳近年来前人研究成果的基础上,对已有稀土元素微观作用模型进行了总结,并从稀土元素对Cr2O3和Al2O3膜的生长传质机制和氧化膜及氧化膜与金属基体界面的物理、化学特性的影响等方面探讨了其作用机制。     

稀土元素在土壤-水稻体系中的迁移与吸收累积特征

通过在天然水稻土中施用不同浓度稀土开展为期两年的水稻盆栽实验,在不同生长期系统观测了水稻植株样品的生物量,同时利用ICP-MS测定了土壤及水稻植株各器官中14种稀土元素的含量,并对植株体内稀土含量分布模式及各器官对土壤中稀土的富集与分异进行了对比研究。结果表明,无论苗期还是成熟期,当外施稀土量超过400 mg.kg-1时,水稻植株生物量即开始呈下降趋势,当外施稀土达500mg.kg-1时,生物量降低10%左右,水稻远低于旱作植物小麦对土壤中外施稀土的耐受能力。对照水稻各器官稀土分布模式与对照土壤相似,均呈轻稀土富集,中、重稀土相对亏损型,Eu轻度负异常;但与土壤不同,水稻根部的Tb及地上部各器官的Eu,Tb均出现正异常。土施大量稀土(400~1200 mg.kg-1)对水稻土及稻根的稀土分布模式有显著影响,对茎、叶略有影响,对籽粒影响不明显。植株各器官对土壤稀土的累积能力依次为根>叶>茎>穗轴、谷壳>籽粒。对照水稻根部对土壤中各稀土元素的吸收积累能力大致相同,仅对Tb有更强的选择性吸收。地上部各器官对中、重稀土的累积能力大于轻稀土,并多数对Eu及Tb有更强的累积。水稻的根部及叶、茎对外施稀土有更强的吸收累积能力,随外施稀土浓度增加,其富集系数随之增高,而穗轴和谷壳、籽粒的富集系数变化不大。植株各器官及籽粒对外施稀土中的Nd都表现出更强的吸收累积作用。     

La3+提高拟南芥耐旱能力研究

稀土元素有着广泛的生物学效应,稀土作为微肥在我国农业广泛使用.然而,稀土对植物抗旱性影响的研究很少.以模式植物拟南芥为材料,研究了不同浓度的镧(La3+)对植物根生长以及对植物耐旱能力的影响.结果表明,10和100 μmol ·L-1的La3能显著促进根生长,提高植物耐旱能力;1μmol·L-1La3+没有明显促进根生长,但显著提高了植物耐旱能力;1和10 mmol·L-1的La3+不能促进根生长,同时还降低了植物耐旱能力.该结果提示,稀土农用过程中要重视剂量的使用,同时避免带来生态环境问题.     

LaCl3对轮藻节间细胞吸收矿质元素的影响

稀土元素能够促进植物的生长发育,但其作用机制还不清楚。本文以珊瑚轮藻的节间细胞为实验材料,从单细胞水平研究了10μmol.L-1LaCl3处理对Mg,Ca,Mn,Fe,Cu,Zn和Mo 7种植物必需矿质元素在轮藻细胞壁和细胞内容物中浓度的影响。结果发现,La3 能够促进Ca,Mn,Zn和Fe的跨膜运输,而对其他3种矿质元素在细胞内的浓度没有显著影响。La3 处理还显著增加了细胞壁中Zn和Mn的水平,但降低了Ca和Mg的水平。其机制可能与La3 和Ca2 在细胞膜外的相互作用有关。     

重量法测定含硫湿法磷酸中单质硫的含量北大核心CSCD

硫是化肥中的有益中量元素,它在土壤中能被微生物分解,通过土壤进入植物体内,是氨基酸、蛋白质和原生质等物质的组成元素,参与植物细胞内的氧化还原反应,形成具有特殊机能的谷胱甘肽、维生素B1、维生素H、异硫氰酸等,间接参与碳水化合物的代谢、叶绿素的生成,具有调节植物生长的作用,是植物生长发育必需的营养元素之一.若硫含量较低,一般会在作物生长初期显示出与缺少氮素相似的症状,降低作物吸收营养的能力,影响作物的产量[1].     

自动进样分光光度法测定中草药中的铈

<正>稀土是植物生长发育的有益元素[1-4]。我国中草药应用已有几千年的历史,稀土和微量元素对中草药药效的影响以及稀土元素在中草药方面的应用是药学科学研究的新领域。将稀土元素用于中草药,可提高中草药产量与质量,并提高中草药有效成分含量,最终可提高药物疗效[5-8],因此,检测中草药中稀土元素的含量有着十分重要的意义。稀土元素与偶氮胂Ⅲ在弱酸性环境中显色反应十分灵敏,据此,可用紫外-可见分光光度法直接测     

土壤稀土元素和氮化物污染对植物生长及生理的影响

近年来,对稀土矿区土壤污染的修复成为中国关注的热点之一。稀土矿区存在的污染物主要是稀土元素与氮化物,本文在概述稀土元素在中国的分布及污染现状的基础上,综述了稀土元素、氮化物分别对植物生长的影响及其可能的生理生化机制,以及稀土元素-氮化物共存时对植物生长的影响,并提出了未来需要加强对稀土元素及养分元素复合污染的研究以及内外源稀土对植物生长的差异性研究。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Thermodynamics of the formation of oxosulfides of rare-earth elements

The enthalpies of solution of several oxosulfides of rare-earth elements and the high-temperature enthalpies of oxosulfides and oxosulfates of lanthanum and yttrium were measured using solution calorimetry and high-temperature microcalorimetry techniques. Standard enthalpies of formation and some thermodynamic properties of oxosulfides and oxosulfates were calculated. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 2 pp. 294–297, February, 1997.     

探究“铁的锈蚀条件”实验创新设计

设计了铁的锈蚀实验,说明了铁钉的处理方法,增加了温度、酸、碱的影响条件,实现了铁跟蒸馏水及空气中氧气快速反应而生锈,使实验在5 min左右就能够得到准确的结果。