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1.
The betatron matching of a rotationally asymmetric beam in space charge dominated low-energy beam transports (LEBTs) where solenoids are used for the transverse matching has been studied.For better understanding, the coupling elements of a beam matrix are interpreted in special forms that are products of a term defined by the Larmor rotation angle and another by the difference between the beam matrix elements in the two transverse planes.The coupling form originally derived from the rotationally symmetric field in solenoids still holds when taking into account the rotationally asymmetric space charge forces that are due to the unequal emittance in the two transverse planes.It is shown in this paper that when an LEBT mainly comprising solenoids transports a beam having unequal emittance in the two transverse planes and the linear space charge force is taken into account, the initial Twiss parameters can be modified to obtain the minimum and equal emittance at the LEBT exit.The TRACE3D calculations also prove the principle.However, when quadrupoles that are also rotationally asymmetric are involved in between solenoids, the coupling between the two transverse planes becomes more complicated and the emittance increase is usually unavoidable.A matching example using the CSNS (China Spallation Neutron Source) LEBT conditions is also presented. 相似文献
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In this paper we present a technique to optimize the transport parameters for transverse matching of the space charge dominated beams in the presence of bunching. The increase in the current within the specified bunch width during the transport is obtained from the disc model and is included in the optimization method. A 2D particle in cell (PIC) code is then developed to study the details transverse dynamics of the bunch taking into account the effect of longitudinal compression by reweighting the charge and mass of macroparticles. The evolution of rms beam size obtained using PIC simulation agrees well with the results obtained by solving beam envelope equation. The PIC simulation shows emittance growth during bunching induced by the space charge effect for nonuniform distribution. The growth in the emittance increases with the nonlinearity of distribution and peaks near the time focus. 相似文献
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The Rapid Cycling Synchrotron (RCS) is a key component of the China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS). The space charge effect is one of the most important issues in the CSNS/RCS, which limits the maximum beam intensity, as well as the maximum beam power. Space charge effects are the main source of emittance growth and beam loss in the RCS. Space charge effects have been studied by simulation for the CSNS/RCS. By optimizing the painting orbit, the optimized painting distribution was obtained. The space charge effects during the acceleration are studied and dangerous resonances, which may induce emittance growth and beam loss, are investigated. The results are an important reference for the design and commissioning of the CSNS/RCS. 相似文献
4.
We show that pronounced collective nonlinear behavior is present in a beam with linear coupling and space charge as described by the complete second order moment equations. The collective effects result in a shifted and broadened resonance condition as well as saturation effects in the emittance transfer. For slow stop-band crossing either the beam evolves along a skewed matched solution with full emittance exchange or the exchange is hindered by collective space charge effects, depending on the emittance ratio and direction of crossing. 相似文献
5.
论文介绍RF腔光阴极注入器中热发射度的测量方法,在注入器中有三个因素影响热发射度的测量,它们是:射频场效应、空间电荷效应和发射度测量误差. 在注入器出口处,电子束发射度由:热发射度、射频场效应引起的发射度增长和空间电荷效应的发射度增长三部分组成. 论文从注入器中发射度增长理论和模拟出发,给出了一个能够消除射频场效应和空间电荷效应的热发射度测量方法. 相似文献
6.
Simulation study on the emittance compensation of off-axis emitted beam in RF photoinjector
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Rui-Xuan Huang Chad Mitchell Qi-Ka Jia Christos Papadopoulos Fernando Sannibale 《中国物理C(英文版)》2016,40(11):117004-117004
To make full use of the photocathode material and improve its quantum efficiency lifetime, it can be necessary to operate the laser away from the cathode center in photoinjectors. In RF guns, the off-axis emitted beam will see a time-dependent RF effect, which would generate a significant growth in transverse emittance. It has been demonstrated that such an emittance growth can be almost completely compensated by orienting the beam on a proper orbit in the downstream RF cavities along the injector [1]. In this paper we analyze in detail the simulation techniques used in reference [1] and the issues associated with them. The optimization of photoinjector systems involving off-axis beams is a challenging problem. To solve this problem, one needs advanced simulation tools including both genetic algorithms and an efficient algorithm for 3D space charge. In this paper, we report on simulation studies where the two codes ASTRA and IMPACT-T are used jointly to overcome these challenges, in order to optimize a system designed to compensate for the emittance growth in a beam emitted off axis. 相似文献
7.
空间电荷效应是引起发射度增长的主要因素,特别是在高压直流连续波光阴极注入器中。分析了高压直流连续波光阴极注入器中线性空间电荷力的特点及其对电子束横向发射度的影响,并从理论上解析地研究了螺线管发射度补偿的原理及特点。最后利用Parmela程序对中国工程物理研究院高压直流连续波光阴极注入器的发射度补偿作了模拟计算。结果表明,束团电荷量为80 pC的电子束在350 keV高压直流电子枪出口处的横向归一化发射度为5.14 mmmrad,经过螺线管补偿后,其最小横向发射度变为1.27 mmmrad。电子束的发射度得到了很好的补偿。 相似文献
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直线加速器中束团的非线性空间电荷效应是引起发射度增长的重要原因之一.根据计算在屏蔽筒中非均匀分布京团的空间电荷效应的普遍方法,推导了直线加速器圆波导中几种非均匀分布束团的非线性场能公式,并给出数值计算结果.讨论了由非线性所引起发射度增长. 相似文献
9.
直线加速器中电荷束团的非线性效应是导致束流发射度增长的一个重要原因。本文给出了直线加速器中几种常见的横向非均匀电荷密度分布的有限长空间电荷束团所具有的非线性自场能,得到了由束团非均匀电荷密度分布引起的发射度增长。 相似文献
10.
A new SSC(Separated Sector Cyclotron)-Linac is being designed to serve as an injector for the SSC at the HIRFL(Heavy Ion Research Facility Lanzhou).The beam intensity at the LEBT(Low Energy Beam Transport)for the heavy ions after the selection is typically low and the space charge effects are inconspicuous.The space charge effects become obvious when the beam current increases to a few hundred microamperes.The emittance growth deriving from the space charge effects may be particularly troublesome for the following linac and cyclotron.An optical system containing three solenoids has been designed for the LEBT to limit the beam emittance and to avoid the unnecessary beam loss in the cyclotron,as well as for the purpose of immunizing the LEBT emittance growth due to the space charge effects.The results of the PIC(Particle-In-Cell)mode simulation illustrate that this channel could limit the beam emittance growth and increase the beam brightness. 相似文献
11.
光阴极微波电子枪中发射度补偿及模拟计算 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
介绍了上海深紫外自由电子激光用光阴极微波电子枪采用发射度补偿技术的结果 .详细分析了线性空间电荷力的特点及对束流发射度的影响 ,从束流动力学和相空间两方面讨论了发射度补偿原理 .给出了补偿线圈的设计结构及其轴向场分布 .利用PARMELA程序对补偿效果作了模拟计算 .结果表明 ,设计的腔体对单圈 1 .5nC束团 ,在枪出口后 1 .2m处 ,电子能量为 5 .7MeV ,横向归一化发射度εn ,RMS=1 .61 2πmm·mrad. The emittance compensation technology will be used on the photo cathode RF gun for Shanghai SDUV FEL. In this paper, the space charge force and its effect on electron beam transverse emittance in RF gunis is studied, the principle of emittance compensation in phase space is discussed. We have designed a compensation solenoid and calulated its magnetic field distribution. Its performance has been studied by the code PARMELA. A simulation result indicates that the normalized transverse RMS emi... 相似文献
12.
In the presence of space charge forces, synchrotron oscillations result in periodic modulation of the space charge tune shift,
periodic crossing of betatron resonances, and particle trapping in resonance islands. The trapping effect for one-dimensional
resonance is considered using classical perturbation theory and the “frozen core” approach to calculation of space charge
forces. The beam losses and emittance growth are analyzed for arbitrary order resonance; the numerical results are given for
the third-order resonance.
The text was submitted by the authors in English. 相似文献
13.
In the conventional design of RF linacs, the bunched beams are not in thermal equilibrium. The space charge forces couple the particle motions between the transverse and the longitudinal directions. Furthermore it will cause the equipartitioning process which leads to emittance growth and halo formation. In the design of the China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) linac, three cases are investigated using the Hofmann stability charts. In this paper, we present the equipartitioning beam study of the CSNS Alvarez DTL linac. 相似文献
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In the conventional design of RF linacs, the bunched beams are not in thermal equilibrium. The space charge forces couple the particle motions between the transverse and the longitudinal directions. Fur-thermore it will cause the equipartitioning process which leads to emittance growth and halo formation. In the design of the China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) linac, three cases are investigated using the Hofmann stability charts. In this paper, we present the equipartitioning beam study of the CSNS Alvarez DTL linac. 相似文献
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E. Borie S. Illy T. Westermann 《International Journal of Infrared and Millimeter Waves》1997,18(1):1-22
Numerical modelling of an electron gun in the space charge limited regime requires determining the current density distribution
as well as the electric fields and electron trajectories. This is a rather complicated self-consistent problem, since the
space charge influences the electric field, which in turn influences the electron trajectories. Previous simulations of magnetron
electron guns using the BFCPIC and BFCRAY codes used a simple emission model (constant current density) that is approximately
valid for thermionic emission. The code has been modified to include space charge limited emission. Several different ways
of doing this are considered.
One of the models considered uses Gauss’s law to force the electric field on the emitter to vanish; it was used in the original
version of BFCPIC for the simulation of ion diodes. A second is based on the use of Child’s law (locally), which may be more
appropriate for extension to fully electromagnetic particle-in-cell (PIC) codes. Calculations were performed with both models,
and the results compared with each other and with experiments performed at FZK. 相似文献
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