空气净化产品降解空气污染物效能的测定方法

提出了一种空气净化产品的降解空气污染物的测定方法。自行设计了合理的试验舱,以甲醛、甲苯、氨、甲硫醇和总有机挥发物(TVOC)等为目标物,采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定甲醛,气相色谱-质谱法(GC-MS)测定甲苯、甲硫醇和TVOC,分光光度法测定氨。经过对试验舱气密性、目标污染物本底浓度的测试、初始浓度的选择、自然衰减测试及其回收率和稳定性、方法的重现性等多个参数的考察,证明该方法适用于对空气净化产品降解空气污染物的效果的测试,与国标方法作对比试验,表明两种方法的结果相近,但本方法的精密度较好。     

顶空气相色谱法测定盐酸托莫西汀中有机溶剂残留量的研究

建立了盐酸托莫西汀中有机溶剂残留量的顶空气相色谱分析方法.选用大口径HP-快速GC残留溶剂柱为分离柱,FID为检测器,外标法进行定量,并对顶空平衡温度、平衡时间、供试品溶液的制备方法对残留有机溶剂测定的影响进行了研究.甲醇、乙醚、正己烷、乙酸乙酯、四氢呋喃的线性范围分别为 0.41～8.10 μg/mL(r=0.9999)、0.15～3.00 μg/mL(r=0.9995)、0.20～4.01 μg/mL(r=0.9991)、0.32～6.35 μg/mL(r=0.9999)、0.36～7.11 μg/mL(r=0.9999);平均回收率范围96.30%～105.47%,精密度RSD(n=6)2.1%～3.7%;检出限分别为0.2、0.008、0.003、0.04、0.04 μg/mL.     

新型单壁碳纳米管采样吸附剂性能的评价

研究了单壁碳纳米管(SWCNTs)作为新型采样吸附剂的性能和效果,并应用于空气中挥发性有机化合物的分析测定。结果表明,单壁碳纳米管具有较大的比表面积,与经典Tenax TA吸附剂相比,对低碳数挥发性强的有机化合物回收率高,有更强的吸附能力;空白实验表明,SWCNTs易获得较低本底,具有化学惰性和疏水特性,采样时水的干扰小。当湿度增加时在误差允许的范围内准确度不受影响;实验测定具有较大的穿透容量和安全采样体积。将单壁碳纳米管吸附剂实际应用于大气中挥发性有机化合物的测定,通过与经典吸附剂Tenax TA相比,更适于采集大气中的挥发性有机化合物。     

气相色谱-质谱法检测人血清样品中新型含氯阻燃剂德克隆

采用液液萃取,气相色谱-负离子化学电离质谱技术,建立了人体血清样品中新型含氯阻燃剂德克隆(DP)的分离分析方法.血清样品蛋白质变性后,采用液液萃取法提取脂肪,再采用浓H2SO4破坏法去除大部分脂肪,最后采用酸性硅胶柱进一步净化.净化后的样品经浓缩富集,采用气相色谱-负离子化学电离质谱仪测定样品中DP两种同分异构体的含量...     

静电纺丝法制备新型吸附分离材料

随着现代经济、工业的发展,许多环境问题出现在了人类面前,对于新型吸附分离材料的需求也变得十分迫切。静电纺丝法是一种简单有效制备连续纳米长丝的技术,有着十分广阔的应用前景。由于静电纺丝法制备的纤维膜具有较大的比表面积、易于调控的微观结构及化学性质,静电纺丝法能够用于制备新型的吸附分离材料。本文对电纺纤维膜的制备与改性,以及电纺纤维膜在空气过滤、油水分离、重金属离子去除等领域的应用进行了介绍,同时对其未来的发展进行了展望。     

金属有机骨架材料Fe-MIL-100诱导的铁基费托催化剂的合成及催化性能研究

随着石油资源的日益枯竭及环保要求的日益严苛,寻找非石油路线生产清洁燃料的方法迫在眉睫,费-托合成是一种以合成气（CO和H₂）为原料生产液体燃料的高效方法.铁基费-托合成催化剂广泛应用于工业,本工作研究了多孔碳材料包裹的活性组分高度分散的铁基费托催化剂的制备、结构及费-托合成反应性能.以金属有机骨架材料Fe-MIL-100为前驱体,通过控制碳化温度调节催化剂金属负载量、催化剂粒子尺寸及铁的相态.研究发现碳化温度为500℃所得催化剂在反应温度为260℃、压力为3 MPa、空速为8000 h^-1时CO转化率达到68%,展现出优良的中温费托合成反应性能.     

水淬渣-累托石颗粒吸附材料的制备及应用

研究了水淬渣-累托石颗粒吸附材料制备工艺条件、再生方法及其去除铜冶炼工业废水中重金属的条件.试验结果表明,累托石与水淬渣的比例为1∶1,另加入10%的添加剂(IS)和50%的水,焙烧温度为400℃时,制成的颗粒吸附材料体积密度为1.06kg/m3,显气孔率为62.29%,吸水率为58.82%,抗压强度为2.22Mpa,吸附效果好,散失率较低.在未调节铜冶炼工业废水pH值的条件下,颗粒吸附材料用量为0.05g/cm3,反应时间为40min,吸附温度为25℃(常温)时,Cu2 、Pb2 、Zn2 、Cd2 、Ni2 的去除率分别为98.2%、96.3%、78.6%、86.2%、64.2%,处理后的水符合国家污水综合排放标准(GB8978-1996)一级标准.颗粒吸附材料对Zn2 、Cu2 有很好的选择性.吸附饱和的颗粒吸附材料用1mol/L氯化钠溶液再生效果好.该颗粒吸附材料具有分离容易、可重复使用、处理效果好、应用前景广阔的优点.     

新型净化器对PM2.5去除率逾99%

<正>上海理工大学环境与建筑学院陈剑波教授科研团队,经过多年潜心研究,自主研发出一款高性能的空气净化器,能够有效去除0.3μm以下微粒。根据上海市环境保护产品质量监督检验总站检测,此款新型净化器对PM2.5去除率超过99%、甲醛的净化效率达到96%;经瑞士公证行SGS检测,对总挥发性有机化合物净化效率达到96.5%。陈剑波说,与传统空气吸附剂(活性炭等)相比最大的不同是该款净化器中研发的空气净化媒介不仅能够物理吸附,还能不断地将污染物分子进行催化氧化分解,瓦解污染     

新型多孔碳材料——碳化物骨架碳

碳化物骨架碳是近年来开发的一种具有纳米结构的新型多孔碳骨架材料.该材料以多种碳化物为前驱体,在150-1650 ℃用卤素、超临界水蒸气或刻蚀剂于低压或真空下将碳化物中的非碳原子移出,在原子水平调控碳化物骨架碳结构.该材料具有成本低、比表面积大、孔径分布窄且精确可调等特点.本文介绍了不同碳化物前驱体制备骨架碳的工艺及骨架碳的孔隙率、比表面积和孔径分布等性质,并讨论了碳化物骨架碳在储氢、超级电容器和摩擦磨损等领域的应用.     

新型样品前处理材料在环境污染物分析检测中的研究进展

针对复杂样品的分析和痕量目标物的检测,样品前处理是必不可少的,高效的样品前处理技术不仅可以去除或减小样品基质干扰而且能够实现分析物的富集,提高分析检测的准确性和灵敏度.近年来,固相萃取、磁分散固相萃取、枪头固相萃取、搅拌棒萃取、固相微萃取等高效的样品前处理技术已在环境污染物分析检测中获得广泛关注,萃取效率主要取决于萃取...     

Study on the biological effect of Tourmaline on the cell membrane of E. coli

The biological effect of tourmaline on the cell membrane of E. coli by microcalorimetry, fluorescence polarization, ion analysis and fourier transform infrared was studied. It was observed that tourmaline of low concentration can promote growth of the bacteria, while tourmaline of high concentration has inhibitory effects on E. coli. Fluorescence polarization has shown a significant decrease in membrane fluidity and the increase of permeability of cell membrane. The ion analysis result suggested that the absorbability of nutrition from the medium becomes easier. Thus, E. coli grew faster in the presence of tourmaline than the native. With high concentration of tourmaline, however, the growth of E. coli was inhibited because the selective barrier of cell membrane for the bacteria was seriously damaged. Besides, changes of the spectral profile of E. coli were observed, which has shown the damages of surface groups on the cell membrane, which is the molecular basis for the biological effect of tourmaline. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Influence of Tourmaline on Negative Air Ion Emitting Property of Poly(ethylene terephthalate)

Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) fibers containing 2 wt% tourmaline powder were found to emit an average 5100 particles/cc negative air ions under frictional conditions, much higher than that of pure poly(ethylene terephthalate) fibers which emitted an average 200 particles/cc negative air ions, but the emitted negative air ions were reduced to 4400 particles/cc when poly(ethylene terephthalate) fibers contained 4 wt% tourmaline powder. In order to understand the influence of tourmaline powder on the negative air ion emitting property of the poly(ethylene terephthalate) fibers, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) morphology, energy dispersive X‐rays (EDX) and wide angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD) analysis of the PET/tourmaline fiber specimens were performed. Possible reasons are proposed to account for the interesting negative air ion emitting property of the PET/tourmaline fiber specimens. Aggregates of tourmaline powder occurred in the PET matrix, which caused a reduction of the breaking tenacity of the PET/tourmaline fibers.     

X射线荧光光谱法在电气石标准物质均匀性检验中的应用

采用粉末压片–X射线荧光光谱法对电气石标准物质候选物的均匀性进行检验。选择Si,Al,Mg,Fe,Ca,Na等6个元素作为检验元素,样品以随机方式进行测量,根据单因素方差分析的F值和测定值的相对标准偏差(RSD)判定样品的均匀性,并计算了检测方法的误差和样品不均匀误差。结果表明,方差检验的F计算值在0.80~1.93之间,小于F临界值1.96,测定结果的相对标准偏差小于0.9%;检测方法相对标准偏差和样品不均匀度(以RSD表示)均小于0.5%,说明制备的电气石标准物质候选物具有良好的均匀性。通过公式计算,确定最小取样量为200 mg。该方法无需湿法分解样品,绿色环保,简便快速,测定结果精密度高。     

电气石粉对制备纳米TiO2及光催化氧化甲苯气相污染物的影响

用浸渍、烧结方法制备了不锈钢网(3×15cm)负载催化剂:由溶胶-凝胶法制备含(400目)电气石粉的二氧化钛催化剂,并与直接混合电气石粉、P-25 TiO₂的复合负载催化剂进行对照;利用X射线衍射、扫描电镜、透射电镜等表征催化剂结构;研究了催化剂在反应器(14L)中由20W紫外杀菌灯照射下光催化氧化去除气相甲苯污染物的效果.结果表明,在制溶胶过程中添加微米级电气石粉,得到催化剂粒径较小,其负载量和催化活性均有提高,平均催化比活性达到1.90mg·m^-2·min^-1或0.11mg·g^-1·min^-1,该催化剂在静态条件下反应4h,对初始浓度为180mg·m^-3和70mg·m^-3的甲苯去除率分别达到87%和82%;而同样的高初始浓度下,负载P-25仅可去除21%甲苯,复合负载P-25、电气石可去除58%甲苯,其催化比活性达到1.35mg·m^-2·min^-1或0.18mg·g^-1·min^-1.     

Poly(Ferrocenylalkylammonium): A Molecular Electrode Material for Dihydrogenphosphate Sensing

By virtue of strong ion‐paring interactions that are reinforced following oxidation of ferrocene moieties to ferrocenium form, films synthesized by oxidative polymerization of pyrrole‐containing (ferrocenylmethyl)trialkylammonium cations are able to electrochemically sense the dihydrogenphosphate anion in organic electrolytes. Strong and selective affinity of these cationic polymer films towards H₂PO₄^? was evidenced from FT‐IR and EQCM experiments. Clear two‐wave differential pulse voltammetry features allow the amperometric titration of this anion.     

化学课堂新知识：新型碳材料——石墨炔

Since the first successful chemical synthesis of graphdiyne by the group of Prof. Yuliang Li, this material is attracting much attention and becoming a new research focus and field. As a new carbon allotrope, graphdiyne has a unique three-dimensional pore structure and electronic structure, thus, can be applied in energy storage devices and the fields of catalyst. This article briefly describes theoretical calculation prediction and development of the new material, in particular, its electrochemical property and catalytic property. Introducing this new carbon material into the related teaching of chemistry knowledge of university can expand the academic vision of scientific research and improve the learning interest and scientific research literacy of the undergraduates.     

对室内空气污染的探讨

空气污染问题越来越受到整个社会的关注,本文旨在阐述由室内建材造成的空气污染现状、主要化学污染物及常用防治方法。     

环境友好助洗剂——4A沸石

介绍了4A沸石的结构、性质及其作为洗涤助剂等方面的应用和国内外发展状况。     

RF-Aerogels: A New Binding Material for Foundry Application

The paper describes a new binding material for core and mould production using organic aerogel as a binder and typical foundry sands like aluminium oxide and quarz sand as mould material. We describe the preparation of aerogel bonded sand cores and sand moulds, their mechanical and thermal properties, casting into this new material, the process of knocking out and core removal.