A novel reductive ring-opening reaction of isoxazolidine to form functionalized 1,3-aminoalcohol

Reductive cleavage of the N-O bond of isoxazolidine ring with catalytic hydrogenation over Raney nickel was described. Bicyclic isoxazolidines could be effectively converted into the corresponding 1,3-amino-alcohol possessing a sultone or sultam moiety with high conversion and yield when the hydrogenation was catalyzed by freshly prepared Raney nickel under a pressure of 40 psi in the presence of triethylamine.     

Palladium-Catalyzed Oxidation of Dihydromyrcene to Citronellal in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide

Citronellal was the major product of catalytic oxidation of dihydromyrcene with oxygen using the catalyst comprised of (MeCN)2PdC1NO2 and CuC12 in a tertiary alcohol in supercritical carbon dioxide. It was found that the chemoselectivity of the reaction and the yield of citronellal were greatly affected by the pressure of carbon dioxide, the reaction temperature and the molar ratio of Pd/Cu.     

Esterification and Selective Esterification in the Presence of TiCl4

A series of carboxylic acids was esterified to the corresponding esters with TiCl_4 as catalyst at room temperature,in high yields.This catalyst was highly effective for the selective esterification of primary alcohols with carboxylic acids,in the presence of secondary alcohols,and for the selective esterification of saturated acid with alcohol in the presence of conjugated acid or aromatic acid.On account of the high yield,high chemoselectivity,mild condition,and being free of other dehydrants,this is an efficient method.     

Study on the Synthesis of Phenylacetic Acid by Carbonylation of Benzyl Chloride under Normal Pressure

The influences of some factors on the yield of phenylacetic acid in the carbonylation of benzyl chloride were studied in this paper. These factors included the variety and content of catalyst, and that of solvent, way of material feeding, reaction temperature, sodium hydrate concentration, triphenylphosphine content, presence of surfactant, the ratio of organic phase volume to aqueous phase volume etc. The optimum reaction conditions were found to be: with a one-time pour of 0.15g Pd(PPh3)2Cl2, 0.24g PPh3, 75ml NaOH of 3.5mol/L, 20ml benzyl chloride and 55ml n-butyl alcohol, and the reaction was carried out at 50℃ for about 3 hours. The as-obtained yield of phenylacetic acid was as high as 97.6%. In addition, the influences of the presence of phenylacetic acid and air in the reaction system were also studied. The results showed that the presence of air in the system and the entrainment of phenylacetic acid in the circulating organic phase had great influence on the reaction rate, the stability and performance of catalyst and the yield of phenylacetic acid.     

Discovery and Characterization of a Novel Method for Effective Improvement of Cyclodextrin Yield and Product Specificity

Cyclodextrins(CDs) are widely used in food,phamiaceuticals, drug delivery, and chemical industries and in agriculture and environmental engineering. To improve the yield and selectivity of CDs, this work presented a tacile, scalable and efficient enzymatic synthesis of β-CD from starch using β-cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase (CGTase, EC2.4.1.19) from Bacillus cereus. First, we found that the pretreatment of starch dramatically influenced CDs yield that was related to the structure and molecular weight of the substrate starch. Second, alcohol solvents influenced the yield and product selectivity of CDs;tertiary alcohols enhanced CDs yield(from 54.95% to 68.21%) and secondary alcohols increased the product selectivity(β-CD/γ-CD changed from 6.25 to 8.05). Fluorescence quenching analysis showed that the binding constants and entropy of the solvents influenced the yield and product selectivity, respectively. In conclusion, the results demonstrate that this study provides a promising method for the industrial production of β-CD.     

Palladium-Catalyzed Addition of Carbon Monoxide and Carbon Tetrachloride to 1-Octene in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide

The Pd-catalyzed addition of carbon monoxide and carbon tetrachloride to 1-octene gave coadduct [alkyl 2-( 2, 2, 2-trichloroethyl)octanoate] as the major product in supercritical carbon dioxide by using pyridine as the base. It was found that the selectivity and the yield of coadduct were greatly affected by the pressure of carbon dioxide, the reaction temperature and the amounts of alcohol and base used.     

Studies on Agarofurans VI. The Introduction of Substituents to C-1 and C-2 Positions of Agarofurans

Agarofurans have been found to be active on the nervous system in our institute. Since no member of natural agarofurans has C-1 or C-2 substituents, we decided to synthesize ketone 1 and 2, for the convenience of further modification.Our synthetic design for ketone 1, outlined in Scheme 1, was to employ β-epoxide 3 as starting material. Reaction of epoxide 3 with CH3MgI cooled with ice-bath afforded alcohol 4 in 50% yield and reductive product 5 in 40% yield. The structure of 5 has been de…     

Optimization of process for the production of bio-oil from eucalyptus wood

The pyrolysis of eucalyptus wood was carried out in a batch reactor to optimize the yield of bio-oil.Effect of various parameters like feed(particle) size,temperature,presence of catalyst and heating rate on the yield of bio-oil was investigated.The optimum conditions for high yield of bio-oil are for the particle size 2 mm~5 mm(average l/d=12.84/2.03 mm) at 450 ℃ in high heating rate.The reaction kinetics and the quality of bio-oil produced are independent of the presence of different catalysts like mordenite,kaoline clay,fly ash and silica alumina.The physical properties like odour,colour,PH,viscosity,heating value were determined.The FT-IR analysis of bio-oil indicates the presence of different functional groups such as monomeric alcohol,phenol,ketones,aldehydes,carboxylic acid,amines,and nitro compounds.The composition of the bio-oil at different conditions was analyzed using GC-MS and found that the components are temperature dependent but independent of catalysts used.     

HPWA-SBA-15催化合成ETBE

TEM, FTIR and XRD techniques are used to investigate the structure of HPWA-SBA-15. The results show that pores of HPWA-SBA-15 have regular two-dimensional hexagonal structure, and HPWA disperses well in the pore or pore wall of HPWA-SBA-15. NH3-TPD shows the HPWA-SBA-15 catalyst has acidic properties. ETBE is synthesized by the etherification reaction of alcohol and tert-butyl alcohol over several catalysts. Solid acid catalyst HPWA-SBA-15 is the appropriate catalyst which has the highest yield of ETBE than PW12/C and cation resin. The influences of reaction temperature, ratio of alcohol to tert-butyl alcohol are studied. At optimal operation condition, 30% HPWA on HPWA-SBA-15, reaction temperature 100℃, alcohol/tert-butyl alcohol molar ratio 2, the quality catalyst 0.9 g and raw material 10 g, the yield of ETBE is 59.55% and the selectivity is 90.2%.     

钙拮抗剂普拉地平合成的改进

普拉地平 (Pranidipine ,1 ,4 二氢 2 ,6 二甲基 4 (3 硝基苯基 ) 3 ,5 吡啶二羧酸甲酯肉桂醇酯 ,1 ) ,属于 1 ,4 二氢吡啶类钙拮抗剂。化合物 1具有钙通道拮抗作用 ,能缓解抑制钙通道 ,阻滞钙离子内流 ,并能抑制细胞内钙离子的释放 ,起长效降压作用[1 ] 。化合物 1降压作用优于硝苯地平和氨氯地平等钙拮抗剂[2 ] ,处于临床Ⅲ期研究[3] 。专利[4] 报道了 3 氨基 2 丁烯酸甲酯 (2 )和 2 (3 硝基亚苄基 )乙酰乙酸肉桂醇酯 (3 )发生Hantzsch环化反应合成普拉地平 (1 )。本文以双乙烯酮为原料 ,经与肉桂醇酯化制备乙酰乙酸肉桂醇酯 (4…     

Co-B非晶态合金催化肉桂醛液相选择性加氢制备肉桂醇的研究

本文首次报道Co-B非晶态合金催化剂应用于肉桂醛（CMA）液相选择性加氢制备肉桂醇（CMO），考察了催化活性、CMO选择性及其得率以及不同湿度预处理的影响。实验发现，Co-B非晶态合金催化剂的催化活性和对CMO的选择性显著优于Raney Co等催化剂，加热晶化后导致其催化活性显著下降而对CMO的选择性略有升高，根据XRD，SEM，XPS，BET等一系列的表征，初步讲座了Co-B催化剂催化性能与催化剂结构的关系。     

N,N-二甲基乙酰胺促进的羧酸肉桂酯的合成及其促进机理

在N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMAc)促进下,羧酸(1a～1v)依次与SOCl₂和肉桂醇反应合成了22个羧酸肉桂酯(2a～2v,其中2j, 2k, 2o, 2t和2v为新化合物),其结构经¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, IR和MS(EI)表征。以巴豆酸肉桂酯(2i)的合成为例,研究了巴豆酸(1i)用量,肉桂醇用量,SOCl₂用量,DMAc用量对2i产率的影响和醇的加入方式对产物组成的影响。结果表明：在最优合成条件(1i 1.0 eq.,肉桂醇1.3 eq., SOCl₂ 1.3 eq., DMAc 2 mL, CH₂Cl₂ 6 mL,酰氯化后加入苄醇)下,2i产率82.2%。采用¹H NMR跟踪反应,确证了DMAc促进反应的机理。     

硼氢化钾还原肉桂醛合成肉桂醇的工艺研究

针对硼氢化钾还原肉桂醛制备肉桂醇的工艺,研究了反应物的物质的量之比、还原体系、反应时间、反应温度等因素对反应收率的影响.结果表明,在KBH4-THF-CH3CH2OH还原体系中,通过控制n(肉桂醛)∶n(硼氢化钾)=3∶1,在室温下反应1.5h,收率可达92.2%.     

Selective hydrogenation of α,β-unsaturated aldehydes over Pt supported on cerium–zirconium mixed oxide of different composition

Cerium–zirconium mixed oxides with different Ce/Zr ratio were prepared and used as supports for Pt-containing catalysts. The study of the catalysts in the cinnamaldehyde hydrogenation reaction has shown that cinnamaldehyde conversion and cinnamyl alcohol selectivity strongly depend on the CeO₂ content in the support. The highest cinnamyl alcohol yield of 81% was obtained in 105 min at room temperature and atmospheric pressure over the 1%Pt/CeO₂–ZrO₂ catalyst with Ce : Zr atomic ratio equal to 4 : 1.     

瑞波西汀关键中间体的合成

瑞波西汀在抑郁症的短期和长期治疗中均表现出有效和耐受性，而且（S，S）型立体异构体的抗抑郁能力最高，作者研究了反式肉桂醇的不对称环据氧化，在温和条件下，采用全家的过氧化氢，在D－果糖衍生物催化下得到了（S，S）构型瑞波西汀关键中间体（R，R）肉桂醇环氧化物，获得了高产率和立体选择性。     

LC/MS/MS identification of glycosides produced by biotransformation of cinnamyl alcohol in Rhodiola rosea compact callus aggregates

Cinnamyl alcohol was added to the media of compact callus aggregates (CCA) of Rhodiola rosea for stimulating the production of cinnamyl glycosides. The biotransformation reaction produced high amounts of rosin, while only a very low amount of rosavin was produced. As the consumption rate of cinnamyl alcohol was much higher than production of rosin, the aqueous methanol extracts of compact callus aggregates were studied by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometric methods and four new unexpected biotransformation products of cinnamyl alcohol were identified.     

Catalytic Activity of Boron-Beta Zeolite Modified with Indium in the Epoxidation of Cinnamyl Alcohol

Liquid-phase epoxidation of cinnamyl alcohol was carried out with hydrogen peroxide as oxidizing agent using indium-containing boron- and aluminium-beta zeolites. It was proved that InO⁺ ions, created by oxidation of univalent indium cations incorporated into beta zeolite by reductive solid-state ion exchange, play an important role in the activation of hydrogen peroxide. The indium-hydroperoxo complex formed in beta zeolite pores was found to be accessible by the bulky cinnamyl alcohol molecules. Among the applied catalysts In/H[B]-beta (containing 7.6% In₂O₃/g) showed the highest selectivity in cinnamyl alcohol epoxidation.     

超声波辅助Ru-B非晶态合金常压催化肉桂醛加氢制备肉桂醇

采用KBH₄化学还原法制备了超细Ru-B非晶态合金催化剂。Ru-B催化剂在肉桂醇液相常压加氢中显示出较高的肉桂醇选择性。在加氢过程中使用超声辐射能大大提高反应速率而肉桂醇的选择性几乎保持不变。加氢速率随着超声频率或超声时间的增加而增加。通过XRD、XPS、TEM、BET和ICP等各种表征手段，简要研究了超声辐射对Ru-B催化剂结构和电子特征的影响。同时，还讨论了超声对肉桂醛选择性加氢制肉桂醇催化性能的促进作用。