Metabolites of the pathogenic fungus Verticillium dahliae VII. The phytotoxic pigment PKZh-1 from the culture liquid

Summary The phytotoxic pigment PKZh-1 that causes the characteristic symptoms of wilt in tests on cotton-plant shoots in a concentration of 100–150 µg/ml, has been isolated from the culture liquid of the fungusVerticillium dahliae Kleb.On the basis of qualitative reaction, spectral characteristics, and a study of hydrolysis products, PKZh-1 has been assigned to the peptide group. A red substance identified as 3,6,8-trihydroxy-1,4-naphthaquinone has been isolated from an acid hydrolyzate of PKZh-1.V. I. Lenin Tashkent State University. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 690–693, September–October, 1977.     

Lipids of the fruit of Citrus unshiu

The compositions and the amounts of various groups of liposoluble compounds in the component elements of the fruits ofCitrus unshiu Marc. [satsuna variety of mandarin orange] — the flavedo, the albedo, the membrane, and the flesh — have been determined by chromatographic and chemical methods. About 30 groups of lipid compounds belonging to the classes of neutral lipids and glyco- and phospholipids have been identified and characterized. The fatty-acid compositions of the main classes of lipids have been studied. About 30 different carotenoids have been determined in the various elements of the satsuma orange.M. V. Lomonosov Odessa Technological Institute of the Food Industry. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 342–348, May–June, 1989.     

Lipids and lipopolysaccharides of the genusFlavobacterium

The fatty acid compositions of the free lipids of three strains and the monosaccharide compositions of the lipopolysaccharides of four strains of new species of microorganisms of the genusFlavobacterium have been studied. The acidic nature of the polysaccharides of the LPSs of the microorganisms studied has been shown.Pacific Ocean Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Far Eastern Scientific Center of the USSR Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, and Institute of Microbiology of the USSR Academy of Sciences, Moscow. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 564–567, September–October, 1986.     

Lipids of the fruit of Pyrus communis

The compositions of the various groups of liposoluble compounds in the peel and flesh of the fruitPyrus communis of the varieties Williams and Bere Ardanpon have been established and their amounts have been determined by chromatographic and chemical methods. The qualitative compositions have been shown to be identical and characteristic quantitative differences have been found in the lipids of individual elements of these pairs. The fatty acid compositions of the lipids have been studied.M. V. Lomonosov Technological Institute of the Food Industry, Odessa, Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 175–180, March–April, 1989.     

Metabolites of the pathogenic fungus Verticillium dahliae II. Components of the fraction of neutral lipids from the culture liquid

Summary Di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate has been isolated from the neutral lipids fraction of the culture liquid of the fungusVerticillium dahliae Kleb. Its¹H and¹³C magnetic resonance spectra have been obtained, and an assignment of the signals has been made.On the basis of their UV, IR, and ESR spectra, the chromogenic components of the neutral lipid fractions have been assigned to the melanins.V. I. Lenin Tashkent State University. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 689–693, November–December, 1975.     

Metabolites of the pathogenic fungusVerticillium dahliae. IV. Influence of the source of carbon on the lipid composition of the fungusVerticillium dahliae

Summary The compositions of the neutral lipids and the fatty-acid compositions ofVerticillium dahliae Kleb. grown in a fermenter with various sources of carbon-containing nutriment have been studied. It has been shown that the capacity of the fungus for synthesizing lipids and the quantitative and qualitative compositions of the neutral lipids and the fatty acids change according to the source of carbon-containing nutriment. Under the conditions of growth of the fungus in a fermenter, in some cases the formation of linolenic acid and of saturated iso acids is observed.It has been established that whenV. dahliae is grown on sucrose, the neutral lipids of the fungus include a chlorine-containing compound. The chlorine in the initial oil has been determined quantitatively.V. I. Lenin Tashkent State University. Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. All-Union Scientific-Research Institute of Agricultural Microbiology, Leningrad. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 22–26, January–February, 1977.     

Lipid complex of Peganum harmala

The lipid complex of the seeds ofPeganum harmala (fam. Zygophyllaceae) has been investigated. The qualitative and quantitative compositions of the neutral lipids and the phospholipids have been studied. The fatty acid compositions of the acyl-containing lipids have been determined and it has been shown that in the triacylglycerols and phosphatidylethanolamines the sn-2 position is esterified mainly by linoleic acid.Institute of Chemistry of Plant Substances, Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 625–627, November–December, 1992.     

Composition of the neutral lipids of Chlorella vulgaris

Summary The qualitative and quantitative compositions of the neutral lipids and the fatty-acid composition of the individual classes of neutral lipids isolated from fresh, freeze-dried, and air-dry cells of the algaChlorella vulgaris have been investigated.The presence of natural fatty acid methyl esters in the lipid extract of the fresh and air-dry chlorella cells has been established.It has been shown that the fatty acid methyl ester fraction is enriched with palmitic acid as compared with the triglyceride and free fatty acid fractions.The main unsaturated acids of the chlorella lipids contain the first double bond in the ⁹ position.Division of Microbiology of the Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 49–53, January–February, 1978.     

A comparative investigation of the fatty acid compositions of the seeds of a number of lines of a genetic collection of Gossypium hirsutum

A comparative analysis has been made of the amounts of lipids and their fatty-acid compositions in the seeds of the lines of agenetic collection of cotton plants of the speciesGossypium hirsutum and their hybrids and the variety Tashkent-1. The results obtained on the fatty-acid compositions of some hybrids make it possible to recommend the use of individual lines of cotton plants as donors for improving the food-value indices of cottonseed oil.Institute of Chemsitry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. V. I. Lenin Tashkent State University. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 173–176, March–April, 1991.     

Lipids of the root crop Beta vulgaris

The composition and the amounts of various groups of neutral lipids and of glyco- and phospholipids in the root cropBeta vulgaris of the varieties bordeaux and Nosovskaya ploskaya have been investigated by a combination of chromatographic and chemical methods. About 30 groups of lipid compounds were identified, among which free sterols and their glycosides, diand triacylglycerols, monogalactosyldiglycerides and their acyl derivatives, phosphatidylglycetols, phosphatidylcholides, and phosphatidic acids predominated. The fatty acid composition, determined by GLC, was represented by 11 components, of which about 90% consisted of linoleic, palmitic, and oleic acids.A. V. Bogatskii Physicochemical Institute of the UkrSSR Academy of Sciences, Odessa. Translated from Khimiya Priorodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 357–360, May–June, 1988.     

Group composition of the neutral lipids in the oil of the fruit ofHippophaë rhamnoides

The composition of the neutral lipids of the fruit flesh and seeds of two forms of sea buckthorn have been determined. The presence of more than 20 groups of lipids has been shown. The two oils differed in the amounts and compositions of their carotenoids and acyl glycerols and the amounts of alcohols, free fatty acids, and esters.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 300–305, May–June, 1984.     

Polar lipids of cotton seeds and the products of their processing

The compositions and amounts of polar lipids in cotton seeds and the products of their processing have been investigated. Six glycolipids have been identified, the main ones being monogalactosyldiglyceride (MGDGs), digalactosyldiglycerides (DGDGs), and sterol glycosides. The fatty acid compositions of the neutral lipids and of the phospho- and glycolipids have been determined. In the glycolipids, saturated fatty acids — palmitic and stearic — predominated.Institute of Chemistry of Plant Substances, Uzbekistan Republic Academy of Sciences, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 194–198, March–April, 1993.     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

N-oxides of homoaporphine alkaloids from Merendera raddeana

The alkaloid complex of the leaves, stems, seeds, and seed pods ofMerendera raddeana Rgl. (familyLiliaceae) has been investigated. A number of known tropolone alkaloids and their photochemical isomers have been isolated together with the homoaporphine bases merenderine, kreysiginine, and O-methyl-kreysiginine and their N-oxides, which have not been described in the literature. One of them (merenderine N-oxide) has been characterized by its physical constants and has been investigated by IR, PMR, and mass-spectral methods. By a study of the PMR spectrum of the fraction of neutral alkaloids from the leaves of the plant it has been established that it consists mainly of a mixture of equal amounts of colchicine and cornigerine.V. I. Lenin Tashkent State University. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 86–91, January–February, 1991.     

Lipids of the leaf vegetables Spinacea oleracea,Latuca sativa,and Rumex acetosa

The class compositions of the lipids of leaf vegetables —Spinacea oleracea (variety Ispolinskii),Latuca sativa (variety Kucheryavets Odesskii), andRumex acetosa (variety Odesskii-17) have been studied. The compositions of their NLs (17 groups of individual compounds were identified), GLs (nine groups of compounds were found), and PhLs (seven groups of compounds have been found) have been determined by physicochemical methods of analysis. The maximum amount of the total lipids and also of the PhLs was possessed by the spinach. Among the FAs of the leaf vegetables, USFAs predominated.M. V. Lomonosov Technological Institute of the Food Industry, Odessa. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 199–205, March–April, 1993.     

Metabolites of the pathogenic fungusVerticillium dahliae VIII. Interaction of the phytotoxic metabolite PKZh-1 with Na+,K+-ATPase

Summary It has been established that the phototoxic metabolite PKZh-1 of the fungusV. dahliae and, to a smaller extent, its chromophoric moiety possess an inhibiting action on the Na⁺,K⁺-ATPase of the microsomal fraction of the cells of the root hairs of the cotton plant of variety 108-F.The absence of specificity in the action of the phytotoxin has been shown in experiments on the Na⁺,K⁺-ATPase of the microsomal fractions of the cells of the cerebral cortexes of the ox, rat, and frog, bovine kidney, and tarantula ganglion.V. I. Lenin Tashkent State University. Institute of Biochemistry of the Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 59–62, January–February, 1979.     

Lipids ofHeracleum lehmannianum seeds

The lipid complex of the seeds ofHeracleum lehmannianum B. has been studied. The qualitative and quantitative compositions of the neutral lipids and the phospho- and glycolipids, and the fatty acid compositions of the acyl-containing classes of lipids have been determined. It has been shown that the neutral and the polar lipids differ considerably from one another with respect to the level of certain fatty acids. The position-species compositions of the TAGS and of the main components of the phospholipids have been calculated from the results of lipolytic hydrolysis.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, fax (3712) 89 14 75. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 10–14, January–February, 1996. Original article submitted June 12, 1995.     

Lipid complex of Peganum harmala

The lipid complex of the seeds ofPeganum harmala (fam. Zygophyllaceae) has been investigated. The qualitative and quantitative compositions of the neutral lipids and the phospholipids have been studied. The fatty acid compositions of the acyl-containing lipids have been determined and it has been shown that in the triacylglycerols and phosphatidylethanolamines the sn-2 position is esterified mainly by linoleic acid. Institute of Chemistry of Plant Substances, Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 625–627, November–December, 1992.     

identification of the sterols of the yeasts Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida guilliermondii by the mass-spectrometric method

The sterol compositions of mutants of the yeasts ofSaccharomyces cerevisiae andCandida guilliermondii have been characterized by the methods of GLC, TLC, UV spectroscopy, and chromato-mass spectrometry. The possibility has been shown of identifying yeast sterols on the basis of a comparison of the intensities of the peaks of the fragmentary ions having a common nature for all sterols (m/z200). A change in the sterol composition in mutant yeasts as compared with the initial strain has been detected which is obviously connected with the blockage of the routes for the biosynthesis of ergosterol in the yeast cell.Lensovet Leningrad Technological Institute. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 196–201, March–April, 1986.     

Chemical composition ofCodonopsis clematidea grownin vitro

The amounts of neutral and polar lipids, chlorophylls, carotenoids and alkaloids have been determined in differentiated tissues of Codonopsis clematidea Schrenk grown by the tissue culture method. The qualitative and fatty-acid compositions of the neutral and polar lipids have been established and the presence has been shown of the quantitatively main alkaloid of the wild-growing plant, codonopsine, and of the minor alkaloid codonopsinine.Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 537–540, July–August, 1996. Original article submitted December 18, 1995