陈化温度和pH值对氨基功能化介孔氧化硅吸附CO_2性能的影响

本研究采用溶胶-凝胶法,分别以十二烷基肌氨酸钠、氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷(APTMS)和正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)为结构导向剂(SDA)、共结构导向剂(CSDA)和硅源合成了氨基功能化的介孔氧化硅预产物。利用乙醇和乙醇胺混合液对预产物进行萃取后获得氨基功能化介孔氧化硅。利用红外光谱、元素分析、N2吸-脱附、透射电镜等手段对材料进行了表征。红外光谱结果证明通过萃取方法可较好地去除表面活性剂;N2吸附结果表明所有样品都具有介孔结构;元素分析和透射电镜结果说明反应陈化温度、pH值等合成条件对材料孔道内表面的氨基含量和材料结构有较大的影响。CO2吸附实验证明在低陈化温度、相对较低的pH值下合成的材料具有较高的CO2吸附量。     

核壳式氯霉素分子印迹聚合物碳纳米管复合材料的制备及应用

本文以多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)为载体,采用溶胶-凝胶法先在MWCNTs表面包覆硅层,得到MWCNTs@SiO2,再以氯霉素(Chloramphenicol,CAP)为模板,无水乙醇为溶剂,氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷(APTES)和苯基三甲氧基硅烷(PTMOS)为双功能单体,四乙氧基硅烷(TEOS)为交联剂,采用表面分子印迹技术合成具有核壳结构的CAP分子印迹聚合物包覆的碳纳米管复合材料。采用透射电镜(TEM)、红外(IR)光谱和热重(TG)分析技术对CAP分子印迹聚合物复合材料的结构、形貌进行了表征,并对其吸附性能进行了详细研究。结果表明,制备的分子印迹聚合物吸附动力学快,吸附容量大,选择性好,印迹因子达到4.2,并且可循环使用。将制备的分子印迹聚合物材料应用于实际样品鸡蛋中CAP含量的测定,回收率可达72.3%~84.1%。     

不同硅烷对HMS介孔分子筛甲基接枝的对比研究

通过气相沉积法,分别用三甲基氯硅烷(TMCS)和六甲基二硅氮烷(HMDSZ)对HMS介孔分子筛表面进行甲基接枝改性;分别采用XRD、N2-吸附、FTIR、29SiNMR和TG等手段对样品进行表征,并测定了样品的亲水性能.结果表明,两种硅烷都可以在HMS表面接枝,接枝后分子筛的介孔结构依然保持;但是,HMDSZ的接枝效果...     

氨基功能化短孔道有序介孔材料H_2N-Zr-Ce-SBA-15的合成及吸附性能

以pluronic(P123)为模板剂,正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)为硅源,氯化氧锆和硝酸亚铈为无机前驱盐,N-(2-氨乙基)-3-氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷(AAPTS)为硅烷化试剂,采用后接枝法合成了氨基功能化六方板状短孔道有序介孔材料H2N-Zr-Ce-SBA-15(H2N-ZCS).采用小角X射线衍射(LXRD)、傅里叶变换红外(FTIR)光谱、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、热重分析、N2吸附/脱附等手段对H2N-ZCS进行了表征.结果表明AAPTS成功地嫁接到有序介孔材料上,H2N-ZCS仍保持了类似于传统SBA-15高度有序的二维六方相介孔结构,且孔道方向垂直于该六方板面.对阴离子染料酸性品红吸附实验表明,H2N-ZCS比H2N-SBA-15具有较强的吸附能力.这种功能化短孔道、大径轴比的六方板状介孔材料在吸附、分离及催化等领域中能更有效地促进分子的扩散传递.     

甲基接枝化HMS介孔分子筛的制备、表征与吸附性能

以工业级正十六胺为模板剂合成纯硅HMS介孔分子筛,用液相沉积法、以环己烷为溶剂对其进行表面接枝改性,并用简单的热失重分析法确定了最佳的硅烷浓度:通过IR、29SiCP-MAS NMR、XRD和N2吸附等手段对样品进行表征,考察了样品的吸附性能.结果表明,甲基成功接枝于HMS表面,最佳的硅烷用量为0.23mol/L,甲基接枝后HMS的孔径和比表面有所降低;接枝后HMS的吸附水性能(亲水性)大幅度降低,而吸附环己烷性能(亲油性)大幅增加.     

一步法直接合成有机季铵功能修饰的介孔分子筛SBA-15

以P123 嵌段共聚物为模板剂, 3-三甲基丙基氯化铵三甲氧基硅烷(TMAPS)为修饰剂, 酸性条件下一步法直接合成了有机季铵基团功能修饰的SBA-15, 并通过XRD、TEM、N2吸附-脱附、Raman 光谱等对功能化样品的结构和性质进行了表征, 对一步法合成TMAPS 修饰的SBA-15 的可能反应机理进行了探讨. 修饰后的SBA-15 仍然保持了二维六方特征介孔结构, 随着TMAPS负载量的增大, SBA-15 孔道有序度下降, 孔径、孔容和比表面积也随之下降. 有机季铵基团在SBA-15 孔道表面均匀分散, 可与HAuCl4通过快速离子交换制备Au 颗粒高度分散的Au-SBA-15.     

介孔NH_2-Ce-Pr-O合成及其可见光催化性能EI北大核心CSCD

以P123(聚环氧乙烷-聚环氧丙烷-聚环氧乙烷三嵌段共聚物)为模板剂,Ce(NO_3)_3,Pr(NO_3)_3为原料,采用水热反应制备前驱物,经萃取除去P123后既得表面羟基含量较高的Ce-Pr-O介孔材料。利用氨基硅烷与表面羟基间的缩合作用,合成了氨基功能化介孔Ce-Pr-O。利用XRD,N_2吸脱附,Raman,FT-IR,XPS等技术对合成样品结构性能进行了表征。结果表明:以25%Pr(NO_3)_3掺杂所获得的Ce-Pr-O结构性能较好;该样品氨基功能化后,除孔径、表面积及孔容变小外,其他性能基本保持不变。以酸性红14(AR14)为探针分子,对合成材料的光催化性能进行评价。结果表明:由于Pr掺杂后形成氧缺位,提高了样品的可见光吸收强度;此外,通过嫁接氨基,提高AR14的吸附量。因此,所合成的氨基功能化介孔Ce-Pr-O在可见光作用下,能较彻底地催化降解溶液中的AR14。     

介孔NH_2-Ce-Pr-O合成及其可见光催化性能

以P123(聚环氧乙烷-聚环氧丙烷-聚环氧乙烷三嵌段共聚物)为模板剂,Ce(NO_3)_3,Pr(NO_3)_3为原料,采用水热反应制备前驱物,经萃取除去P123后既得表面羟基含量较高的Ce-Pr-O介孔材料。利用氨基硅烷与表面羟基间的缩合作用,合成了氨基功能化介孔Ce-Pr-O。利用XRD,N_2吸脱附,Raman,FT-IR,XPS等技术对合成样品结构性能进行了表征。结果表明:以25%Pr(NO_3)_3掺杂所获得的Ce-Pr-O结构性能较好;该样品氨基功能化后,除孔径、表面积及孔容变小外,其他性能基本保持不变。以酸性红14(AR14)为探针分子,对合成材料的光催化性能进行评价。结果表明:由于Pr掺杂后形成氧缺位,提高了样品的可见光吸收强度;此外,通过嫁接氨基,提高AR14的吸附量。因此,所合成的氨基功能化介孔Ce-Pr-O在可见光作用下,能较彻底地催化降解溶液中的AR14。     

硅烷对HZSM－5沸石分子筛的改性研究Ⅱ．硅烷化改性对HZSM－5表面酸性、吸附性能和催化性能的影响

以硅烷气体作为改性剂，对ＨＺＳＭ－５沸石进行了改性研究，并用ＮＨ＿３－ＴＰＤ，表面羟基和吡啶吸附态红外光谱的手段表征了改性样品。发现随着硅烷化程度的加深，强酸和弱酸开始降低，硅烷化程度ｗ％＞１．８３％后，酸性基本保持不变，这时改性只起到明显的缩孔作用。通过对改性沸石探针分子吸附行为的研究分析得知，硅烷化开始时，硅烷分子进入了孔道内，与内表面羟基反应，致使部分孔道堵塞，孔道变窄。硅烷化程度ｗ％＞１．８３％后，硅烷分子扩散进孔内受阻，转换到与外表面羟基反应，只起到改性外表面缩小孔径的作用。这种改性的ＨＺＳＭ－５沸石对甲醇胺化反应的活性和选择性都有很好的促进作用。     

硅烷对HZSM—5沸石分子筛的改性研究：Ⅱ.硅烷化改性对HZSM—5表面酸…

以硅烷气体作为改性剂，对ＨＺＳＭ－５沸石进行了改性研究，并用ＮＨ３－ＴＰＤ，表面羟基和吡啶吸附态红外光谱的手段表征了改性样品。发现随着硅烷化程度的加深化，强酸和弱酸开始降低，硅烷化程度Ｗ％＞１．８３％后，酸性基本保持不变，这时改只起到明显的缩孔作用。通过对改性沸石探针分子吸附行为的研究分析得知，硅烷化开始时，硅烷分子进行了孔道内，与内表面羟基反应，致使部分孔道堵塞，孔道变窄。硅烷化程度Ｗ％＞１．８     

Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles Decorated with Carbosilane Dendrons as New Non‐viral Oligonucleotide Delivery Carriers

A novel nanosystem based on mesoporous silica nanoparticles covered with carbosilane dendrons grafted on the external surface of the nanoparticles is reported. This system is able to transport single‐stranded oligonucleotide into cells, avoiding an electrostatic repulsion between the cell membrane and the negatively charged nucleic acids thanks to the cationic charge provided by the dendron coating under physiological conditions. Moreover, the presence of the highly ordered pore network inside the silica matrix would make possible to allocate other therapeutic agents within the mesopores with the aim of achieving a double delivery. First, carbosilane dendrons of second and third generation possessing ammonium or tertiary amine groups as peripheral functional groups were prepared. Hence, different strategies were tested in order to obtain their suitable grafting on the outer surface of the nanoparticles. As nucleic acid model, a single‐stranded DNA oligonucleotide tagged with a fluorescent Cy3 moiety was used to evaluate the DNA adsorption capacity. The hybrid material functionalised with the third generation of a neutral dendron showed excellent DNA binding properties. Finally, the cytotoxicity as well as the capability to deliver DNA into cells, was tested in vitro by using a human osteoblast‐like cell line, achieving good levels of internalisation of the vector DNA/carbosilane dendron‐functionalised material without affecting the cellular viability.     

Cu(II)-loaded iminodiacetic acid-silica particles for protein profiling of human serum samples using surface-enhanced affinity capture: support porosity effects

Silica particles of different porosity were functionalised with iminodiacetic acid (IDA) and loaded with Cu(II) ions to yield Cu(II)-IDA-silica. These immobilised metal affinity chromatography (IMAC) materials were subjected to a comprehensive characterisation study. The Cu(II) content--determined via UV/Vis spectroscopy and atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS)--was found to be linearly dependent on the specific surface area of the silica particles. The evaluation of protein adsorption isotherms provided information on binding properties towards biomolecules. The data fitted Langmuir's adsorption theory. Binding capacity of hen egg white lysozyme (HEWL) was highest for Cu(II)-IDA-silica with mean pore diameter of 120 A, reaching nearly 350 mg/g. All derivatised materials were applied to the fractionation of human serum samples and subsequent mass spectrometric analysis (m/z: 2000-10,000) according to a surface-enhanced affinity capture (SEAC) protocol. Pore size of the support material affected the appearance of the mass spectra to a great extent, showing that surface morphology is another parameter that has to be considered in addition to surface chemistry. Signal intensity as well as the number of detected masses were strongly dependent on the pore diameter, indicating that the carrier material has to be carefully chosen to assure best results.     

Functionalisation of polypropylene non-woven fabrics (NWFs)

Surface oxyfluorination had been carried out on polypropylene non-woven fabric (PP NWF) samples of different morphologies and pore sizes. The modified surfaces were characterised by Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform InfraRed (ATR-FTIR)-spectroscopy, FTIR imaging microscopy, X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) spectroscopy, Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), dynamic rheometry and Thermo-Gravimetry (TG). ATR-FTIR and XPS techniques revealed the presence of ?CCF, ?CCF₂, ?CCHF and ?CC(O)F groups. The formed ?CC(O)F groups mostly got hydrolysed to ?CCOOH groups. The C=O groups of alpha-haloester, and the C=C stretching of the formed ?CCF=C(OH)?C groups could also be detected. Long-lived radicals could be detected on the functionalised surfaces as middle-chain peroxy radicals by ESR spectroscopy. SEM micrographs showed slight roughening of the oxyfluorinated surfaces. Oxyfluorination had no significant effect on the crystalline structure and phase composition of the PP NWF samples supported by DSC and XRD measurements. The molecular mass of the samples were unaffected by the oxyfluorination treatment as proved by oscillating rheometry. The surface modification, however, significantly affected the thermal decomposition but not affected the thermo-oxidative decomposition of PP NWFs. Different morphologies and pore sizes of PP NWF samples resulted in reproducibility of the findings, although did not substantially affect surface functionalisation.     

Properties of Water Confined in Periodic Mesoporous Organosilicas: Nanoimprinting the Local Structure

The properties of materials confined in porous media are important in scientific and technological aspects. Topology, size, and surface polarity of the pores play a critical role in the confinement effects, however, knowledge regarding the guest–pore interface structure is still lacking. Herein, we show that the molecular mobility of water confined in periodic mesoporous organosilicas (PMOs) is influenced by the polarity of the organic moiety. Multidimensional solid‐state NMR spectroscopy directly probes the spatial arrangement of water inside the pores, showing that water interacts either with only the silicate layer or with both silicate and organic layers depending on the alternating surface polarity. A modulated and a uniform pore filling mode are proposed for different types of PMOs.     

硅胶表面键合物的正电子湮没谱研究

本文在多孔无定形硅胶的表面上键合了不同极性的化学基团, 制成一系列相同基体, 但表面基团不同的样品, 测定了其正电子湮没寿命谱, 发现寿命谱的最长寿命组份随表面键合基不同, 寿命值有明显差别。寿命值与基团的极性及基团的体积有关, 正电子湮没谱的最长寿命组份能灵敏地表征表面的极性和化学性, 可作为表面化学定性分析的有用技术。     

锆-铝复合氧化物固定相的制备、表征及其色谱性能考察

利用溶胶-凝胶技术制备了无机杂化材料锆铝复合氧化物,对其物理化学性能进行了研究。平均孔径5-8nm,并且孔径分布较窄;表面呈现酸碱两性;氧化铝的掺杂可以提高填料的经表面积。同时以酸性、碱性和中性化合物为溶质,对锆铝填料的正相色谱性能和烷基膦酸改性的锆铝填料的反相色谱性能进行了系统评价,研究结果表明,锆铝填料适合于碱性化合物分离,并且其分离选择性在一定程度上随流动相性质而变;烷基膦酸改性的锆铝填料则呈现出反相色谱特征。     

Tuning of texture and surface chemistry of carbon xerogels

The influence of different activation processes on the textural and surface chemical properties of carbon xerogels was studied. Carbon xerogels were prepared by the conventional sol-gel approach using resorcinol and formaldehyde; two different pHs of sol-gel processing led to carbon materials with distinct pore size distributions. The materials were subjected to controlled activation by three different methods: activation by oxygen plasma, activation by HNO(3), and activation by diluted air. Treatments with HNO(3) and diluted air created oxygen groups on the external surface as well as inside the pore channels, whereas plasma is more suitable for introducing oxygen groups selectively on the external surface. Nevertheless, it was shown that samples with wider pores can be oxidized to some extent on the pore interiors by plasma. Significant changes in total surface area by air activation were observed.     

Amine Functionalisations of Glycidyl methacrylate Based PolyHIPE Monoliths

High internal phase emulsions were employed to prepare highly porous (up to 80% pore volume) monoliths of poly(glycidyl methacrylate-co-ethylenegycol dimethacrylate) by free radical polymerisations of continuous phases of emulsions. Monoliths with cavities approximately 4 µm in diameter and with interconnecting pores approximately 0.7 µm in diameter were obtained. In order to obtain monoliths with ion exchange groups on the surface of pores for chromatography applications, functionalisations with different amines were performed and various reaction conditions tested. FTIR spectroscopy and nitrogen content analysis were used to monitor the functionalisation processes. Monoliths were succesfully functionalised with 1,2-diaminoethane, 1,4-diaminobuthane, 1,8-diaminooctane and tris(diethylamino)amine.     

Localized Crystallization of Enantiomeric Organic Compounds on Chiral Micro‐patterns from Various Organic Solutions

The controlled crystallization of enantiomers of an organic compound (a cyclic phosphoric acid derivative) on templated micro‐patterned functionalised surfaces is demonstrated. Areas where a complementary chiral thiol has been located were effective heterogeneous nucleation centres when a solution of the compound is evaporated slowly. Various organic solvents were employed, which present a challenge with respect to other examples when water is used. The solvent and the crystallization method have an important influence on the crystal growth of these compounds. When chloroform was employed, well‐defined crystals grow away from the surface, whereas crystals grow in the plane from solutions in isopropanol. In both cases, nucleation is confined to the polar patterned regions of the surface, and for isopropanol growth is largely limited within the pattern, which shows the importance of surface chemistry for nucleation and growth. The apparent dependence on the enantiomer used in the latter case could imply stereo‐differentiation as a result of short‐range interactions (the templating monolayer is disordered, even at the nanometre scale). The size of the pattern of chiral monolayer also determines the outcome of the crystallization; 5 μm dots are most effective. Despite the low surface tension of the samples (relative to the high surface tension of water), differential solvation of the polar and hydrophobic layers of the solvents allows crystallization in the polar regions of the monolayer, therefore the polarity of the regions in which heterogeneous nucleation takes place is indeed very important. Despite the complex nature of the crystallization process, these results are an important step towards to the use of patterned surfaces for heterogeneous selective nucleation of enantiomers.     

Modified Diatomaceous earth as a principal stationary phase component in TLC

Modified natural diatomaceous earth (DE) is a principal component of the stationary phase in normal thin-layer chromatography (TLC) applications and is mixed with commercial silica gel 60GF254 (Si-60GF254). Modification is carried out by flux calcination and refluxing with acid. Natural DE, modified DEs [flux calcinated (FC)DE and FCDE-I), and Si-60GF254 are characterized by scanning electron microscopy and Fourier-transform-IR spectroscopy. Particle size, specific surface area, pore distribution, pore volume, and surface hydroxyl group density parameters of materials are determined by various techniques. FCDE-I and Si-60GF254 are investigated for their usefulness in the stationary phase of TLC both individually and in composition. Commercially available red and blue ink samples are run on layers of Si-60GF254 and FCDE-I individually, and on various FCDE-I and Si-60GF254 mixtures. Butanol-ethanol-2M ammonia (3:1:1, v/v) and butanol-acetic acid-water (12:3:5, v/v) mixtures are used as mobile phases. The polarities of stationary phases decrease, and the retention factor (Rf) values of ink components increase when the FCDE-I content of the stationary phase increases. The properties of the stationary phase can be optimized by adding FCDE-I to Si-60GF254. This study may be useful in understanding both the systematic effects of stationary phase properties [e.g., specific surface area and surface hydroxyl group density, aOH(s)] and those of the mobile phase (e.g., polarity and acidity) on Rf values and the separability of components.