共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 187 毫秒
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为了保护臭氧层,用于生产聚氨酯泡沫的CFC-11发泡剂已经被淘汰,新开发的环境友好型聚氨酯泡沫用于低温设计时缺乏热物理性质数据的支持。文中介绍了开发的三套实验测试系统,以对热导率、线性膨胀系数和比热容这三大热物性在从室温到低温一个宽广的制冷及低温温度区间内进行测试。测试系统采用多项措施保证低温测试所需要的真空环境及漏热问题,保证了测试的顺利进行,以期提供制冷工程设计急需的低温热物性数据,并对泡沫的生产工艺进行优化。 相似文献
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讨论了软质聚氨酯泡沫塑料对流判据的低温传热机理.根据软质聚氨酯泡沫塑料结构简图,将各种参数和低温数据带入对流判据公式,得到对流判据L的计算结果.计算了软质聚氨酯泡沫塑料的低温热导率.为了与计算的低温热导率比较,采用测试硬质泡沫塑料热导率的稳态热流双试样保护热板装置,测试了软质聚氨酯泡沫塑料的低温热导率,最后给出了低温热导率与温度关系曲线.根据试验,讨论了低温热导率的影响因素如温度、密度、吸水率等. 相似文献
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根据低温推进剂长时间在轨贮存的要求,设计并搭建了绝热系统地面验证测试装置,对绝热系统的热力学性能进行测试。针对55L贮箱,采用了泡沫绝热(spray on foam insulation,SOFI)和多层绝热(multilayer insulation,MLI)结合的复合绝热系统,分别在高真空(5×10^-3Pa以上)和大气压条件下进行了验证实验(液氮作为替代工质)。贮箱外绝热系统为15m m厚泡沫绝热层和45组多层绝热时,高真空条件下液氮日蒸发率为0.77%,多层绝热层表观热导率为1.29×10^-4W/(m·K),据此折算为液氧时日蒸发率为0.55%。将高真空和大气压条件下的实验结果比较发现,泡沫绝热层所占热阻分别为总热阻的0.19%和45.14%。 相似文献
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《低温与超导》2020,(6)
为研究常压环境湿度对硬质聚氨酯泡沫与多层绝热材料组合的复合多层绝热材料隔热性能的影响,常压下采用量热器法测量了该绝热材料在高、低湿度环境下的表观热导率,并通过建立多层绝热材料的常压逐层传热理论模型,分析了常压环境中复合绝热材料的隔热机理,及湿度对其隔热性能的影响。结果表明:常压条件下,环境湿度增加一倍,复合多层绝热材料的表观热导率增加约13.07%,且湿度对多层绝热材料隔热性能的削弱是其隔热性能降低的主要原因;基于干空气与凝结水/冰并联热阻的常压逐层传热模型与实验结果吻合良好,通过改进现有常压多层绝热材料的传热模型,分析了湿度对多层绝热材料隔热性能的作用机理。 相似文献
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An experimental study has been done to investigate the heat conduction and moisture distribution through the different layers
of unsaturated soil. The soil is taken in the form of cylindrical columns in vertical and horizontal positions. The two ends
of the cylindrical column were maintained at different constant temperature. The effective thermal conductivity was measured
by dynamical method after achieving steady state. The distribution of moisture in the soil column was determined by gravimetric
technique. The effective thermal conductivity (ETC) has also been predicted by temperature dependent model developed by Singhet al (1988). A close agreement has been found in experimental and predicted values of ETC. 相似文献
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Different effects of grain boundary scattering on chargeand heat transport in polycrystalline platinum and goldnanofilms
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The in-plane electrical and thermal conductivities of several
polycrystalline platinum and gold nanofilms with different
thicknesses are measured in a temperature range between the boiling
point of liquid nitrogen (77K) and room temperature by using the
direct current heating method. The result shows that both the
electrical and thermal conductivities of the nanofilms reduce
greatly compared with their corresponding bulk values. However, the
electrical conductivity drop is considerably greater than the
thermal conductivity drop, which indicates that the influence of the
internal grain boundary on heat transport is different from that of
charge transport, hence leading to the violation of the
Wiedemann--Franz law. We build an electron relaxation model based on
Matthiessen's rule to analyse the thermal conductivity and
employ the Mayadas & Shatzkes theory to analyse the electrical
conductivity. Moreover, a modified Wiedemann--Franz law is provided
in this paper, the obtained results from which are in good agreement
with the experimental data. 相似文献
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T. I. Baturina P. A. Borodovski S. A. Studenikin 《Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing》1996,63(3):293-298
The microwave waveguide method for contactless determination of the electron mobility and conductivity of thin active layers is reported. The method is based on relative measurements of the magnetic field dependences of the derivative of the reflection coefficient with respect to the magnetic field from a semiconductor wafer bridging the waveguide.Experiments are performed on GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructures at microwave frequency = 36.4 GHz and liquid nitrogen temperature. For the analysis of the experimental data the theoretical basis for arbitrary frequencies is developed. The main advantage of the proposed method is that this method enables one to determine material parameters - mobility and conductivity - without careful calibration of the microwave system and does not require the accurate measurements of the absolute values of the reflection coefficient and phase of the reflected wave. 相似文献
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Alexander V. Evteev Elena V. Levchenko Leila Momenzadeh Yongho Sohn Irina V. Belova Graeme E. Murch 《哲学杂志》2015,95(1):90-111
The phonon-mediated contribution to the thermal transport properties of liquid NiAl alloy is investigated in detail over a wide temperature range. The calculations are performed in the framework of equilibrium molecular dynamics making use of the Green–Kubo formalism and one of the most reliable embedded-atom method potentials for the intermetallic alloy. The phonon-mediated contribution to the thermal conductivity of the liquid alloy is calculated at equilibrium as well as for the steady state. The relative magnitude of the thermal conductivity decrease induced by the transition to the steady state is estimated to be less than 2% below 2000 K and less than 1% at 3000 and 4000 K. It is also found that the phonon-mediated contribution to the thermal conductivity of the liquid alloy can be accurately estimated (well within 1%) on the basis of an approximation which invokes the straightforwardly accessible microscopic expression for the total heat flux without demanding calculations of the partial enthalpies needed for the precise evolution of the reduced heat flux (pure heat conduction). On the basis of these calculations, the correspondence between the experimentally observed and modelled kinetics of solidification due to a difference in thermal conductivity is discussed. 相似文献
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Thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity of “ozone-safe” refrigerant R134a in liquid state within the range of temperatures
295.9–354.9 K and pressures from the liquid — vapor equilibrium line up to 4.08 MPa have been studied by high-frequency thermal-wave
method. The experimental uncertainties of the temperature, pressure, thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity measurement
errors were estimated to be 0.1 K, 3 kPa, 1.5 and 2.5 %, respectively. Values of thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity
of liquid R134a on saturated line have been calculated. Approximation dependences for thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity
within the whole studied range of temperatures and pressures as well as on the saturated line have been obtained.
The work was financially supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (grant No. 07-08-00295-a). 相似文献
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D. F. Aminev A. Yu. Klokov T. I. Galkina A. I. Sharkov V. G. Ral’chenko 《Bulletin of the Lebedev Physics Institute》2010,37(5):152-156
Heat propagation at liquid nitrogen temperature in a heterostructure consisting of a polycrystalline diamond film deposited
from hydrocarbon plasma on an oriented silicon substrate is studied. A technique for measuring the cooling kinetics of a thin-film
indium thermometer deposited on a diamond film after heating by nanosecond pulses of a nitrogen laser is used. The experimental
data are compared with the results calculated within the theory of heat conduction for multilayer systems. The analysis performedmade
it possible to simultaneously determine the thermal conductivity of the diamond film and the interfacial heat resistance of
diamond/Si and In/diamond interfaces at liquid nitrogen temperature. 相似文献
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V. E. Fortov O. S. Vaulina O. F. Petrov I. A. Shakhova A. V. Gavrikov Yu. V. Khrustalyov 《JETP Letters》2005,82(8):492-497
The results of the experimental study of heat transfer processes in liquid dusty structures are reported. The experiments have been carried out for aluminum oxide particles in an rf discharge plasma. The thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity of the dusty plasma component have been determined by analyzing the steady and unsteady heat transfer processes. The temperature dependence has been obtained for these quantities, which is in qualitative agreement with numerical simulation results for a simple one-atomic fluid. 相似文献
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The electro-optical Kerr effect induced by a slowly varying electric field in liquid helium at temperatures below the lambda point is investigated. The Kerr constant of liquid helium is measured to be (1.43+/-0.02(stat)+/-0.04(sys)) x 10(-20) (cm/V)(2) at T=1.5 K. Within experimental uncertainty, the Kerr constant is independent of temperature in the range T=1.5 K to 2.17 K, which implies that the Kerr constant of the superfluid component of liquid helium is the same as that of normal liquid helium. Pair and higher correlations of He atoms in the liquid phase account for about 23% of the measured Kerr constant. Liquid nitrogen was used to test the experimental setup; the result for the liquid nitrogen Kerr constant is (4.38+/-0.15) x 10(-18) (cm/V)(2). Kerr effect can be used as a noncontact technique for measuring the magnitude and mapping out the distribution of electric fields inside these cryogenic insulants. 相似文献
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介绍了稳定自然对流下的温度梯度液相外延,稳定自然对流由加在溶液上的水平温差产生,用简化模式计算了该生长的生长速率,计算给出:该生长的生长速率与水平温差的平方根成比例;具体对Ga0.85Al0.15AS生长,在本工作给定的条件下,生长速率为稳态扩散理论预示生长速率的1124倍,在大部份生长面积内,外延层的厚度变化小于平均厚度的±10%,设计了稳定自然对流下的温度梯度液相外延装置,用该装置生长了厚Ga1-xAlxAs层,实
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