共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
L. Sha M. Yamamoto K. Komura K. Ueno 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》1991,155(1):45-53
This paper gives the first data on239,240Pu and241Am in Chinese soils. Surface soil samples with a set of 0–5 cm and 5–20 cm depth were collected from Beijing, Taiyuan, Shijiazhuang and Jinang of China in 1990, and239,240Pu,241Am and137Cs, including naturally occurring radionuclides, in these samples were measured to evaluate their present levels and distributions. From these results, the average accumulated depositions were estimated roughly to be 24±13 MBq/km2 for239,240Pu, 10±5 MBq/km2 for241Am and 1.2±0.7 GBq/km2 for137Cs. The activity ratios of239,240Pu/137Cs and241Am/239,240Pu ranged from 0.016 to 0.026 with a mean value of 0.020±0.004 and 0.35 to 0.49 with a mean value of 0.43±0.05, respectively. 相似文献
2.
G. Lujaniene A. Plukis E. Kimtys V. Remeikis D. Jankünaite B.I. Ogorodnikov 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2002,251(1):59-68
The vertical distribution of 137Cs, 90Sr, 239,240Pu, 238Pu and 241Am was determined in soil samples collected from the Chernobyl exclusion zone in 1994. The results show very close distribution profiles for all radionuclides, with about 90% of the total activity of each nuclide lying between the surface and the fourth centimeter. Sequential extraction methods were used to determine the association of radionuclides in soil. The data on vertical distribution of radionuclide species were used to calculate their vertical migration parameters. 相似文献
3.
K. Hirose S. Takatani M. Aoyama 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》1994,182(2):349-358
To clarify environmental effects of the Chemobyl radionuclides, long-lived Chernobyl radioactivity (239,240Pu,238Pu,241Pu and90Sr) in deposition samples in May 1986 was measured at 11 stations in Japan. Temporal variation of weekly deposition of90Sr differed from that of volatile radionuclides such as131I and137Cs, which may reflect the released process at Chernobyl. On the other hand, the geographical distributions of the monthly deposition of long-lived radionuclides were similar to those of volatile radionuclides, in which maximum deposits of90Sr and plutonium were observed in Akita, a northwestern Japan Sea coast site of Honshu Island. Higher241Pu deposition in most of the stations, as well as high238Pu/239,240Pu activity ratios were observed. The241Pu/238Pu activity ratios in deposition samples were nearly equal to that in the total release, which is clear evidence that Chernobyl-derived plutonium was transported to Japan in May 1986 together with volatile radionuclides although the contribution of Chernobyl Pu was about three orders of magnitude lower than137Cs. 相似文献
4.
The cumulative depositions of137Cs,90Sr and fallout Pu in the volcanic ash soil of Korea were determined. The average accumulated depositions of137Cs,90Sr and fallout Pu in the volcanic soil were much higher than those in other forest sites of Korea. From depth profiles, it
was found that137Cs,90Sr and239,240Pu in the volcanic soil are more mobile than those in other forest sites of Korea, and that the downward movement of90Sr is faster than137Cs and239,240Pu. A significant correlation was found between the concentration of137Cs and those of90Sr and239,240Pu. The activity ratios of238Pu/239,240Pu and241Pu/239,240Pu in soils are close to those observed in the cumulative deposit from the global fallout of nuclear weapon testings. 相似文献
5.
K. Hirose 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》1995,197(2):331-342
Artificial radionuclides in deposition and airborne dust samples in 1986 were measured at Tsukuba and 11 stations in Japan. In May 1986, the Chernobyl radioactivity was observed in rain and air samples in Japan. The Chernobyl-derived Pu isotopes, which are characterized by higher238Pu/239,240Pu (85) and241Pu/238Pu (0.5) activity ratios than those of the nuclear test-derived Pu and90Sr, were detected in deposition and airborne dust samples in Japan, as well as volatile radionuclides such as131I and137Cs. However, the activities of Pu isotopes and90Sr observed in Japan were about two and three orders of magnitude lower than those expected from the activity ratios in the total release at Chernobyl, which means that the residence time of Pu in the air was shorter than that of137Cs. In order to understand the fractionation between the Chernobyl radionuclides we studied about individual wet and dry deposition. The results suggest that this cause is due to the difference of the particle size of radionuclide-bearing particles, which may be related to the release process of Chernobyl radionuclides. 相似文献
6.
M. H. Lee C. W. Lee K. H. Hong Y. H. Choi B. H. Boo 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》1996,204(1):135-144
Depth distribution of239,240Pu and137Cs in the soils of South Korea have been studied. The average accumulated depositions were estimated roughly to be 54.8±32.1 Bq·m–2 for239,240Pu, 1.6±1.0 Bq· ·m–2 for238Pu and 1982.8±929.1 Bq·m–2 for137Cs. The activity ratios of239,240Pu/137Cs in soils were found to be in the narrow range of 0.0153 to 0.0364 with a mean value of 0.0230±0.006. The concentrations of239,240Pu and137Cs in soils decrease exponentially with increasing the soil depth. A significant correlation was found between the concentration of239,240Pu and that of137Cs. The activity ratios of239,240Pu/137Cs tend to increase slightly with increasing soil depth. 相似文献
7.
P. I. Mitchell J. A. Sanchez-Cabeza T. P. Ryan A. T. McGarry A. Vidal-Quatras 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》1990,138(2):241-256
A number of soil and peat cores, sampled throughout Ireland from November 1987 to March 1988, have been analyzed for fallout caesium and plutonium. Specifically,134Cs and137Cs levels were measured by high resolution gamma spectrometry while238Pu and239,240Pu were determined after chemical extraction by alpha spectrometry. The inventories of these nuclides at the locations sampled have been calculated from the resulting profiles and, by extrapolation, preliminary estimates made of the cumulative deposition throughout Ireland. The relative contribution from weapons testing in the atmosphere and the Chernobyl accident to the total caesium inventory have been determined by the134Cs/137Cs isotopic ratio. As expected, no plutonium of Chernobyl origin was detected in surface layers. The cumulative238Pu/239,240Pu ratio measured in Irish soils was found to be consistant with mid-latitude ratios reported by others. 相似文献
8.
J. Kuwabara M. Yamamoto S. Oikawa K. Komura D. J. Assinder 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》1999,240(2):593-601
Long-lived radionuclides,99Tc,137Cs,237Np, Pu isotopes and241Am were determined in the long sediment cores collected from nine intertidal sites around the west Cumbria of the Irish Sea,
UK. The inventories of all nuclides measured varied considerably among the sampling sites, but generally their inventories
decreased with increasing distance from Sellafield. Furthermore, the inventory ratios with respect to relationship with distance
from Sellafield enabled comparison of transport behavior of99Tc,137Cs,237Np and241Am compared with239,240Pu. As a consequence, the apparent fractional rate of solution transport to the intertidal sediment was found to increase
as follows:99Tc>137Cs>237Np>239,240Pu≥241Am. 相似文献
9.
C. -K. Kim C. -S. Kim J. -Y. Yun K. -H. Kim 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》1997,218(1):33-40
The concentrations of3H,137Cs and239,240Pu were determined in surface seawaters collected at 21 sampling stations around Korea from October of 1994 to May of 1995. The results were consistent with the past data observed in the North Pacific. The concentrations of3H and137Cs did not show much difference no matter where the samples were taken. Due to the limited distribution of sampling points, no systematic change in3H and137Cs levels with latitude was observed. On the other hand,239,240Pu concentration in the East Sea (Japan Sea) was somewhat higher than that in the South and the Yellow Seas, although the data on239,240Pu concentration were not enough to explain the reason. The activity ratios of239,240Pu/137Cs in surface seawater ranged from 0.13% to 0.44% with a mean of 0.25±0.08%. The activity ratios were lower than those of the global fall-out level, 1.1%. This result presumably arose from the different behavior of the two radionuclides in seawater. 相似文献
10.
D. Desideri S. Giuliani M. A. Meli C. Testa C. Triulzi M. Vaghi 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2004,260(1):9-12
During the last ten years, the Italian Universities of Parma and Urbino collaborated on a special radioecological program
having the aim to study the levels and the distribution of long-lived radionuclides in different marine and terrestrial matrixes.
This paper summarizes the results concerning the concentrations of 239+240Pu and 238Pu, 241Am and 137Cs in sediments collected in the Ligurian and South Tyrrhenian Seas (Rapallo Harbour, Vado Ligure Canyon, Eolie Islands).
Superficial sediments and sediment cores were collected. For cores the vertical distribution was calculated and the sedimentation
rate obtained. 137Cs was determined directly by gamma-spectrometry, while 239+240Pu, 238Pu and 241Am were separated by extraction chromatography, electroplating and determined by alpha-spectrometry.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
11.
A radiochemical procedure is described for the simultaneous determination of238Pu,239+240Pu,241Pu,241Am,242Cm,244Cm,89Sr, and90Sr in vegetation samples. The method was applied for the determination of these, radionuclides in grass, collected near Munich after the fallout from the reactor accident at Chernobyl, USSR. The specific activities observed were (in Bq kg–1 dry weight):238Pu, 0.077;239+240Pu, 0.15;241Pu, 3.9;241Am, 0.031;242Cm, 3.0;244Cm, 0.008;89Sr, 2000;90Sr, 99. 相似文献
12.
St. Chibowski A. Komosa M. Reszka J. Solecki J. Zygmunt 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2000,246(1):199-206
A horizontal transport of radionuclides was studied by the analysis of the radioactivity of the surface soil samples from valleys of Wieprz river and its bottom sediments. Natural gamma-isotopes (40K, 238U and 232Th series) antropogenic (134Cs and 137Cs) and alpha-isotopes 238Pu and 239,240Pu were measured. The different kind of bed rock and terrain configuration, influenced the radionuclide transportation from the soil to river bottom sediments. Radioactivity of the sediment samples is definitely lower than the soils. Very strong adsorption of isotopes in soil hinders their horizontal migration. Calculated 238Pu/239,240Pu ratio is characteristic for global fallout and about 90% of the 137Cs comes from Chernobyl. 相似文献
13.
C. K. Kim S. Morita R. Seki Y. Takaku N. Ikeda D. J. Assinder 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》1992,156(1):201-213
Intertidal coastal and estuarine sediments from 24 sites in the Irish Sea have been analyzed for99Tc,237Np,238Pu,239,240Pu and241Am. The237Np activity and239Pu/240Pu ratio were measured simultaneously by ICP-MS, and99Tc was determined by HR-ICP-MS which is ten times more sensitive than Q-ICP-MS.The activities of99Tc,237Np,239,240Pu and241Am were distributed over a wide range of 1.5–70.5, 0.01–13.3, 2.3–1589, 2.6–1894 Bq/kg, respectively. Activities of these radionuclides decreased exponentially with distance from the Sellafield source. The241Am/239,240Pu and237Np/239,240Pu ratios were almost constant with distance from the Sellafield. This result suggests that the distribution and behavior of Np and Pu are controlled by complicated factors such as the influence of transport, the variation with time of Np/Pu ratio in the Sellafield discharges and sedimentary mixing processes in the Irish Sea. 相似文献
14.
J. W. Mietelski B. Kubica P. Gaca E. Tomankiewicz S. Błażej M. Tuteja-Krysa M. Stobiński 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2008,275(3):523-533
Activity concentrations and inventory for 238Pu, 239+240Pu, 241Am, 90Sr, and 137Cs in soil from Tatra Mountains of Poland are presented. Soil samples were collected using 10 cm diameter cores down to 10
cm and sliced into 3 slices. Details of the applied procedure are described with the quality assurance program. The maximum
activity concentrations found for various samples were: 1782±13 Bq/kg, 17.4±0.9 Bq/kg, 3.4±0.3 Bq/kg and 84±7 Bq/kg for 137Cs, 239+240Pu, 241Am and 90Sr, respectively. The maximum cumulated deposition of 239+240Pu is 201±8 Bq/m2. The origin of radionuclides is discussed, based mostly on the observed isotopic ratio of Pu. Significant correlations were
found between 239+240Pu, 241Am and 137Cs. The effective vertical migration rate seems to be in the order of: 90Sr≫Pu>Am>Cs. 相似文献
15.
M. Yamamoto M. Hoshi J. Takada A. Kh. Sekerbaev B. I. Gusev 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》1999,242(1):63-74
Field missions were sent to Semipalatinsk City and several settlements near the former Semipalatinsk nuclear test site to
investigate the current radioactive contamination levels of the land coming from long-lived radionuclides. The soil was sampled
at about 20 sites, including some settlements such as Mostik, Dolon and Chagan, forest and pasture areas, along the roads
from Semipalatinsk City to Kurchatov City and to Korosteli settlement in the direction of the Altai District. The radioactivities
of137Cs,238Pu and239,240Pu as well as240Pu/239Pu atomic ratios in the soil were determined by non-destructive γ-ray spectrometry and radiochemical separation followed by
α-ray spectrometry and/or ICP-MS, respectively. The results showed a distinction of137Cs and239,240Pu inventories in soil depending on the site where we visited. While the overall137Cs levels were as same as or slightly lower than the domestic global fallout level (3·103–7·103 Bq/m2),239,240Pu levels at some sites were several to a few ten times higher than the domestic level (40–120 Bq/m2). The atomic ratios of240Pu/239Pu in the soil were in the range of 0.024–0.125, which were significantly lower than the value of 0.18 commonly accepted for
global fallout Pu. 相似文献
16.
D. Desideri S. Giuliani C. Testa C. Triulzi 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2003,258(2):221-225
During the last 14 years the Radioecology Laboratory of Parma University and the General Chemistry Institute of Urbino University collaborated on a radioecological programme having the aim to observe the evolution of antropogenic radioactivity in Antarctica in the period 1987-2001. The artificial radionuclides considered were 90Sr, 137Cs, 239+240Pu,238Pu and 241Am. The contamination seems to be higher in the continental environment rather than in the marine one. Mosses, algae and lichens showed the highest values for all radionuclides analyzed. The results prove that the Antarctic continent is interested by radioactive pollution. As far as 137Cs is concerned, a progressive decrease was observed. 相似文献
17.
18.
N. Hayashi J. Ishida A. Yamato M. Iwai M. Kinoshita 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》1987,115(2):369-376
An accurate and reliable method has been developed and routinely carried out for the sequential determination of239,240Pu and241Am in environmental samples. After suitable pretreatment.239,240Pu and241Am are separated from other elements by means of the anion exchange resin method. Americium-241 is purified by coprecipitation with calcium oxalate and then ion exchanged in mixed media of the mineral acid-methanol. In the analysis,242Pu (or236Pu) and244Cm are used as chemical yield monitors. The recoveries of the yield monitors in the analyses of some kinds of environmental samples were 7080% for plutonium and 7686% for curium. The concentration of239,240Pu in the coastal sea water were 7.022 Bq/l and that of241Am was 1.26.3 Bq/l. The mean concentrations of239,240Pu in the edible parts of the marine products ranged from 0.22 to 7.4 mBq/kg · fresh and those of241Am ranged from 0.11 to 2.6 mBq/kg · fresh. 相似文献
19.
Depth profiles of the long-lived radionuclides, 137Cs, 90Sr, Pu isotopes and 241Am were examined in undisturbed sandy, peaty and Podsol soils in the Chernobyl 30 km exclusion zone sampled around 10 years after the accident. Two Podsol soils, which have different radioactive deposition characteristics, have also been examined. Activity ratios of 239,240Pu/137Cs, 90Sr/137Cs, and 241Am/137Cs in the 0-1 cm layer of the two Podsol soils differed very much. Speciation of the radionuclides by sequential selective extraction was examined in the soils. Depth profiles of the soils have been analyzed according to the speciation results and soil characteristics. 相似文献
20.
Samples of marine surface sediments of different grain sizes collected in Gökova, a small bay on the Aegean Turkish Coast, have been examined to measure alpha- and gamma-radioactivity. The purpose of this research is to define a baseline study of man-made radionuclides on sediments along Gökova Bay, using a combination of direct gamma-spectrometry, radiochemical separation and alpha spectrometry. The analysis of these samples revealed measurable quantities of some artificial radionuclides namely: 239+240Pu (from 0.13±0.017 to 0.85±0.15 Bq.kg–1). 137Cs, 241Am and 238Pu were identified at a very low level. Concentration ratios of 238Pu to 239+240Pu obtained seem to confirm that this artificial radioactivity is due mainly to Chernobyl accident. 相似文献