(La_(1-x)Ce_x)_(2/3)Ca_(1/3)MnO_3体系的结构和输运性质研究

对Ce掺杂锰氧化物 (La1 -xCex) 2 3Ca1 3MnO3(x =0— 1.0 )多晶样品的结构和输运性质系统研究的结果 .实验表明 ,在低掺杂浓度下 ,样品呈现完整的正交钙钛矿结构 ;随掺杂浓度的增加 ,有少量CeO2 杂相出现 ,同时伴随有Ce3 和Ce4 离子两种价态的涨落和Mn2 Mn3 Mn4 混合价态的共存 ,Ce掺杂导致的体系无序度增加 ,使得绝缘体 -金属 (I M)和顺磁 -铁磁 (PM FM)转变温度向低温方向移动 .有趣的是 ,Ce掺杂样品的电阻率测量I M转变峰值温度TIM 较PM FM转变温度Tc 为高 ,其差值ΔT(=TIM -Tc)随Ce掺杂含量的增加而增加 ,最大差值ΔT达 5 0K .各样品的磁电阻则随温度的降低而增加 ,在Tc 附近MR达到最大值 ,且随Ce掺杂含量增加Tc 附近的MR最大值迅速增加 ,达到 10 4 %以上 ,表现出很强的庞磁电阻效应 .在x≥ 0 .7时 ,磁电阻效应则表现出反常减小 .整体上而言 ,各样品的磁特性与输运行为间有较强的关联 ,电输运特性可用双交换作用模型进行很好的解释 ,在高温区满足热激活模型 .最后 ,在Ce掺杂对Tc 和MR的影响机理方面进行了初步讨论 .     

La4/3(Sr1-xBax)5/3Mn2O7的电输运性质研究

本文主要介绍用溶胶-凝胶法制备的Ba离子掺杂的双层钙钛矿锰基氧化物La4/3(Sr1-xBax)5/3Mn2O7(00.4范围内,低温电阻值随烧结温度增加而减小.出现这种反常行为的结果可能是由于随着Sr逐步被Ba离子取代而引起的失配效应造成结构相分离所致.     

La1-x／2Pr1-x／2SrxCuO4的电输运性质和超导电性

La1-x/2Pr1-x/2SrxCuOy(LPSCO)多晶样品采用传统的固相反应法制备.X射线衍射表明:LPSCO具有典型的空穴搀杂的T-214相的结构.磁化率测量显示:Sr搀杂在0.05≤x≤0.30范围内具有超导转变;Tc随x的增大呈抛物线形式变化,且在x=0.18时达到最大值28K.电阻的测量显示:随搀杂量的增大,系统呈现从绝缘到半导体,最后到金属的导电行为的变化;在欠掺杂区,正常态电阻温度关系符合ρ(T)=ρ0 αT-ClnT;而在过掺杂区,对数项消失.本文从替代所引起的晶体结构和载流子特性变化解释了Sr掺杂样品的电输运行为和超导特性.     

Co掺杂对La5/8Ca3/8MnO3体系铁磁有序的影响与电子的局域化效应

系统研究了强关联锰氧化物La5/8Ca3/8Mn1-xCoxO3(x=0,0.05)体系的结构和输运特性.结果表明,样品均为很好的正交O′单相结构,Mn位5%Co掺杂明显影响了样品铁磁-顺磁(FM-PM)转变和金属-绝缘体(M-I)转变,M-I转变温度TM-I从未掺杂时的271K降至227K,对应的峰值电阻率ρp增大;随着TM-I的降低,Tc同时降低,磁电阻MR%亦相应增加;La5/8Ca3/8MnO3样品在Tc以下表现出长程铁磁有序态,Mn位5%Co掺杂样品则表现为团簇玻璃型短程铁磁有序行为.证明Co掺杂引起电子的局域化效应乃是导致体系输运行为发生变化的主要原因.同时,从Mn3 -O2--Mn4 双交换(DE)作用和超交换(SE)相互作用机制等出发,对样品的输运行为、CMR效应以及与Co掺杂之间的关联进行了讨论.     

LaNiO3-δ 薄膜中的氧缺位及其对金属输运行为的影响

钙钛矿结构 LaNiO3 因其高电导的金属性输运行为, 有望作为电极材料在今后的氧化物器件工艺中发挥重要作用. 为了细致认识氧缺位对其金属输运的影响, 本文采用溶胶凝胶法在氧气、 空气和真空等气氛下烧结获得具有不同缺氧量的 LaNiO3 -δ 薄膜, 并利用 Mn3 + 的还原性进一步调整其缺氧量δ . 对这些样品的电阻率温度关系测量结果表明, 缺氧量δ > 0. 1 后薄膜的高温电阻率开始超过 Mott-Ioffe-Regel 极限, 变成“坏金属”; 增大δ 至0.2, 薄膜的低温剩余电阻率大幅度上升, 说明氧空位分布无序性导致的载流子局域化有明显作用. 以上样品的金属输运都呈非费米液体行为. 继续增加氧缺位浓度, 样品电阻率在低温a30 K 以下呈绝缘体温度关系, 同时高温金属态转变为费米液体行为, 说明钙钛矿结构镍酸盐的金属-绝缘体转变与费米液体输运之间或存在关联性.     

钙钛矿锰氧化物(Nd1-xLax)0.5Ca0.5MnO3体系中的铁磁再入现象

研究了(Nd1-xLax)0.5Ca0.5MnO3(0≤x≤0.5)体系的X射线衍射谱,Raman吸收谱和电输运特性.通过电输运性质的测量给出了金属绝缘转变温度Tm与A位离子平均半径之间的关联.结果表明,La3 离子的掺杂压制低温下的电荷有序,导致金属绝缘转变开始出现,且随掺杂浓度的增加,金属绝缘转变(MI)温度(Tm)向高温区移动,对应的峰值电阻率ρp降低.X射线衍射谱和电输运特性均表明,La3 离子的掺入使得A位平均离子半径(〈rA〉)增大,导致局部晶格畸变减小.在掺杂量0.3≤x≤0.5的区域范围内,随着x的增加,双交换作用逐渐增强,有利于低温下铁磁态的形成.但热循环实验的研究结果表明,这种铁磁态属于亚稳态,在能量上反铁磁态比铁磁态更稳定.     

Bi2Sr2Ca1-xPrxCu2Oy和Bi2Sr2Ca1-xYxCu2Oy系列单晶样品输运性质的对照研究

测量了Bi2Sr2Ca1-xPrxCu2Oy(x的范围从0到0.5)和Bi2Sr2Ca1-xYxCu2Oy(x的范围从0到0.41)系列单晶样品的ab平面电阻率ρab(T).两个体系都表现出独特的掺杂效应.对掺Pr系列,超导转变温度Tc随掺杂量的增加逐渐降低,同时剩余电阻率却大幅度增加.在Pr含量达到约0.5时,体系出现了超导-绝缘体转变.对掺Y系列,观测到在某温度T*处ρab(T)偏离了对温度的线性关系,这是赝能隙打开的典型表现.t*随Y含量的增加而增加,而Tc则被迅速压制.我们预期Pr的反常磁性和掺Pr系列未观察到赝能隙有关.     

钙钛矿钴氧化物La_(0.5-x)Nd_xSr_(0.5)CoO_3(x=0,0.1,0.15)的磁性和电输运性质

本文采用传统固相反应法制备多晶La_(0.5-x)Nd_xSr_(0.5)CoO_3(x=0,0.1,0.15)系列样品,通过测量其磁化强度与温度变化曲线(M~T)、磁化强度与外场变化曲线(M~H)、电子自旋共振谱(ESR)和电阻率与温度变化曲线(ρ~T)对样品的磁性和电输运性质进行了研究.结果表明:由于Nd~(3+)离子掺杂,使得系统中Co~(3+)和Co~(4+)离子之间的铁磁耦合增大,自旋与晶格的耦合作用增强,从而导致掺杂前后样品的磁性方面发生了改变:样品的铁磁转变温度TC和磁熵变值|ΔSM|均随掺杂量x的增加而增大,三个样品的TC分别为:190K、205K和233K,x=0.0样品在TC附近的相变为二级相变,x=0.1和x=0.15样品在TC附近的相变为一级相变.同样的,Nd~(3+)离子掺杂使得样品在电输运性质方面也发生了改变:由于Nd~(3+)离子掺杂,体系内Co离子的自旋态和无序性等均发生改变,从而使x=0.1样品中铁磁导电区域增大,尽管x=0.0和x=0.1样品均表现出绝缘体行为,但是随着掺杂量x的增加,电阻率大幅降低.     

Ru掺杂La0.7Ca0.2Ba0.1Mn1-xRuxO3的磁性和输运性质

利用固相反应法制备了Ru掺杂La0.7Ca0.2Ba0.1Mn1-xRuxO3(x=0～0.06)的多晶样品,探讨了Ru掺杂对体系结构,输运性质以及磁电阻的影响.多晶X射线衍射证实所有样品均保持简单立方钙钛矿结构.通过零场冷却(ZFC)和加场冷却(FC)下的磁化曲线的测量发现随温度降低样品发生了顺磁(PM)到铁磁(FM)的相变,且样品的居里温度(Tc)随Ru掺杂发生了显著的变化,从x=0.00时的306.7K,下降到x=0.02时的294.3K,紧接着又上升到x=0.04时的302.4K.测得居里温度明显高于La0.7Ca0.2Ba0.1Mn1-xMoxO3体系,而且其磁性也大为增强.由零场和外加磁场H=1T测量得到样品的ρ～T曲线表明随温度降低样品同时发生了从绝缘体到金属的转变,绝缘体-金属转变温度低于相应的居里温度.适量的Ru掺杂降低了样品的电阻率,增强了低温时的磁电阻.     

Mn掺杂对La_(0.925)Pr_(0.925)Sr_(0.15)CuO_4磁性和超导电性的影响

La0.925Pr0.925Sr0.15Cu1-xMnxO4+y(LPSCMO)多晶样品采用传统的固相反应法制备.X射线衍射表明:LP-SCMO具有典型的空穴搀杂的T-214相的结构.磁化率测量显示:Mn掺杂在x≤0.05范围内具有超导转变;Tc随x的增大逐渐减小.对x≥0.10的样品,在低温区(大约10K)存在反铁磁转变,并且转变温度变化不大.对于x≥0.15的样品,在220K附近存在类似巨磁阻材料的铁磁性转变,并对其产生的机理进行了分析.     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Hybrid Wavelength and Code Division Multiple Access in Optical Networks

A review of schemes for multiple access in fiber optic networks shows that a hybrid of wavelength and code division multiple access (WCDMA) combines the best features of both. In particular, the hybrid scheme retains the large information carrying capacity of wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) and flexibility of code division multiple access (CDMA). In this paper WDMA, optical CDMA (OCDMA), and WCDMA networks are discussed. In OCDMA networks, concept of incoherent and coherent coding including inverse decoding and matched filter is introduced. The delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks, under the simple suboptimum access protocols based on cyclic search, is computed. It has been shown quantitatively that tuning delay significantly affects the delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks. Futhermore, delay performance of WCDMA networks is always better than the WDMA networks for the same tuning delay, load, and number of users.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Influences of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.