煤焦油沥青不同改性产物炭化性质的比较研究

比较研究了几种改性煤焦油沥青的炭化性质，并从原料结构上给出了解释。结果表明：在同一热处理条件下形成的各种中间相沥青的光学显微结构区域的大小顺序为：Ｓ－ＬＤＯＨＦ－ＭＣＴＰ＞Ｓ－ＭＣＴＰ＞ＭＣＴＰ－ＰＳ＞ＭＣＴＰ共炭化沥青分子中含有较多的短烷基侧链和环烷结构，炭化时能形成可溶性较好的广域型中间相体；超临界抽提能调整沥青的族组成和分子量分布，使分子更易于均匀聚合和取向，超临界抽提沥青的炭化性能优于抽提     

AB／C型嵌段共聚物／均聚物的共混体系的相容性和形态研究（…

嵌段共聚物ＰＩ－ｂ－ＰＭＭＡ和不同羟基含量的改性聚苯乙烯ＰＳ（ＯＨ）组成的共混物因ＰＭ－ＭＡ嵌段和ＰＳ（ＯＨ）的玻璃化转变相当接近而不能用通常的ＤＳＣ法判别其相容性，通过共混物的焓弛豫，得到相容性明确的ＤＳＣ判据，且与电镜观察结果一致，共混物的Ｔｇ增宽效应可通过江明等提出的链密度梯度模型解释。     

AB／C型嵌段共聚物／均聚物的共混体系的相容性和形态研究（Ⅲ）──共混物的焓弛豫

嵌段共聚物ＰＩ－ｂ－ＰＭＭＡ和不同羟基含量的改性聚苯乙烯ＰＳ（ＯＨ）组成的共混物因ＰＭ－ＭＡ嵌段和ＰＳ（ＯＨ）间的玻璃化转变相当接近而不能用通常的ＤＳＣ法判别其相容性。通过共混物的焓弛豫，得到相容性明确的ＤＳＣ判据，且与电镜观察结果一致。共混物中的Ｔｇ增宽效应可通过江明等提出的链密度梯度模型解释。     

ELECTROCHEMICAL METHOD FOR THE DISSOCIATION OF THE COMPLEX OF EUROPIUM NITRATES WITH BENZO－15－CROWN－5

ＥＬＥＣＴＲＯＣＨＥＭＩＣＡＬＭＥＴＨＯＤＦＯＲＴＨＥＤＩＳＳＯＣＩＡＴＩＯＮＯＦＴＨＥＣＯＭＰＬＥＸＯＦＥＵＲＯＰＩＵＭＮＩＴＲＡＴＥＳＷＩＴＨＢＥＮＺＯ－１５－ＣＲＯＷＮ－５ＦａｎＱｉＫＯＮＧ；ＺｈａｎｇＹｕＹＵ；ＭｅｉＱＩＮ，ａｎｄＢｉｎｇＨａ...     

EXTRACTION AND SEPARATION OF RADISH RED PIGMENT FROM A WASTE WATER OF SALTING RADISH BY D61 RESIN

ＥＸＴＲＡＣＴＩＯＮＡＮＤＳＥＰＡＲＡＴＩＯＮＯＦＲＡＤＩＳＨＲＥＤＰＩＧＭＥＮＴＦＲＯＭＡＷＡＳＴＥＷＡＴＥＲＯＦＳＡＬＴＩＮＧＲＡＤＩＳＨＢＹＤ６１ＲＥＳＩＮＺｈｏｕＸｉａｏｈｕａ；ＫａｎｇＪａｎｅ；ＳｈａｎＸｕｅｍｉｎｇ（Ｒｅｓｏｒｓｅｓ＇Ｃｏ...     

双孢菇同工凝集素的制备及性质研究

本文提出了双孢菇凝集素（ＡＢＡ）的制备及性质研究，采用稀盐溶液浸提、酒精分级沉淀、ＤＥ－２３和ＣＭ－２３柱层析分离纯化，得Ａ、Ｂ两大组分，经ＰＡＧ检测组分Ａ为三条带，组分Ｂ为两条带。ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ测定表观分子量：组分Ａ三条还分别为８２０００、６１０００、５１０００；组分Ｂ两条带分别为２３０００、２２０００。由ＩＦＥ测得等电点：Ａ组分ＰＩ分别为ＰＨ５．０６、ＰＨ５．４６、ＰＨ６．０１；组分Ｂ等电占     

STUDY ON IN SITU LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE SPECTROELECTROCHEMISTRY OF α,β

ＳＴＵＤＹＯＮＩＮＳＩＴＵＬＡＳＥＲ－ＩＮＤＵＣＥＤＦＬＵＯＲＥＳＣＥＮＣＥＳＰＥＣＴＲＯＥＬＥＣＴＲＯＣＨＥＭＩＳＴＲＹＯＦα，β，γ，δ－ＴＥＴＲＡ（４－ＴＲＩＭＥＴＨＹＬＡＭＭＯＮＩＵＭＰＨＥＮＹＬ）ＰＯＲＰＨＹＲＩＮ￥ＱｉａｎｇＨＵ；ＪｉＭｉ...     

SYNTHESES， CHARACTERIZATION AND CATALYSIS OF （dppe）Rh（μ－CO）_2M（CO）_3（M＝CR，Mo，W） CARBONYL COMPOUNDS

ＳＹＮＴＨＥＳＥＳ，ＣＨＡＲＡＣＴＥＲＩＺＡＴＩＯＮ ＡＮＤ ＣＡＴＡＬＹＳＩＳ ＯＦ （ｄｐｐｅ）Ｒｈ（μ－ＣＯ）_２Ｍ（ＣＯ）_３（Ｍ＝ＣＲ，Ｍｏ，ｗ）ＣＡＲＢＯＮＹＬ ＣＯＭＰＯＵＮＤＳ￥ＣｈａｎｇＰｉｎｇＳＨＡＯ；ＪａｉｅＹｕＷＡＮＧ；ＸｉｕＺ...     

Fe－P－O系催化剂上的甲烷氧化偶联

研究了Ｆｅ－Ｐ－Ｏ催化剂对甲烷氧化偶联（ＯＣＭ）的低温催化活性，考察了催化剂组分的优化，最适宜的反应温区，反应过程参数，助催化剂组分，催化剂的晶型结构和活性相以及Ｆ：元素键合状态的ＸＰＳ谱．确定了８％ＬｉＮＯ３－０．８Ｆｅ／Ｐ催化剂在６５０℃，ＣＨ４：Ｏ２：Ａｒ＝２：１：２及ＧＨＳＶ＝３０００ｈ－１条件下，可获得甲烷转化率为１１．９０％和Ｃ２烃选择性为６９．８１％的结果．添加ＬｉＮＯ３为助催成分，可有效改善催化剂表面酸活性中心的分布，防止ＯＣＭ中深度氧化和表面积炭，提高Ｃ２和Ｃ２烃选择性．该催化剂为可变价型，是六方形和料方形两种晶型结构的复合磷酸铁，活性相为斜方形ＦｅＰＯ４物相．     

Pt／H—Ga—Si杂原子分子筛催化剂上丙烷芳构化

考察了在具有Ｐｅｎｔａｓｉｌ孔道结构的Ｈ－Ｇａ－Ｓｉ杂原子分子筛及ＨＺＳＭ－５分子筛催化剂上的丙烷芳构化，Ｐｔ／Ｈ－Ｇａ－Ｓｉ有较高催化活性和芳烃选择性。用ＸＲＤ、ＴＥＭ和ＴＰＲ等于译催化剂进行了表征，讨论了Ｐｔ与Ｇａ的相互作用。Ｐｔ／Ｈ－Ｇａ－Ｓｉ为双工能催化剂，Ｐｔ促进烷烃脱氢成为烯烃，还能降低丙烷裂解活性，而且可稳定骨架Ｇａｗ，使其不易脱除；Ｇａ要以提高中间烯烃转变为芳烃的选择性。     

神华煤直接液化残渣超临界溶剂萃取研究

利用甲苯、苯和乙醇三种溶剂在反应釜中对神华煤直接液化残渣进行了超临界溶剂萃取,考察了压力、温度、萃取时间、溶剂/残渣比等对萃取产物收率和重质液体萃取组成的影响。结果表明,以甲苯为溶剂进行萃取时,萃取时间对重质液体产率及HS和A收率的影响不大,而温度、压力以及溶剂/残渣质量比都会影响萃取产物的产率及组成。溶剂超临界萃取过程中,有其他组分向HS组分转化,提高了HS的收率。三种溶剂中,苯显示了和甲苯相似的萃取性能,而乙醇的萃取性能相比苯和甲苯则较差,但乙醇萃取得到的重质液体中轻质组分含量高于苯和甲苯。萃取过程中,残渣中的灰分和硫分主要富集至萃取残渣中。     

Influence of the characteristics of soil and fly ash on the supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of dioxins.

Several investigations on the extraction of dioxins from soil and fly ash with supercritical fluid have been reported; however, few of them describe the influence of components on the extraction. We extracted dioxins from eight samples with different values of organic carbon content and surface area with supercritical CO(2) at a temperature of 463 K, a pressure of 40 MPa, and using 10% toluene as an entrainer. We researched the influence of the characteristics of soil and fly ash on supercritical CO(2) extraction of dioxins. The results revealed that the extraction efficiencies of PCDD/DFs and PCBs were high for all soil samples, while that of fly ash samples decreased with the increase in organic carbon content and surface area. The extraction efficiencies of dioxins from four standard samples, activated carbon, humic acid, alumina, and florisil, were also examined. The results revealed that the extraction efficiencies were strongly influenced by activated carbon like components present in the samples.     

Supercritical fluid extraction of vapor-deposited pyrene from carbonaceous coal stack ash

The efficiencies of extraction of vapor-deposited pyrene from a high-carbon coal stack ash by Soxhlet extraction with methanol, ultrasonic extraction with toluene, acid pretreatment and subsequent ultrasonic extraction with toluene, batch extraction with toluene, and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) are compared. SFE using CO(2) or isobutane yielded extraction recoveries virtually identical with those obtained using ultrasonic or Soxhlet extraction processes. Collection of the SFE extract was performed by expansion into a solvent or onto the head of a gas chromatography (GC) column. No loss of extracted pyrene was observed upon collection of methanol-modified CO(2) SFE by expansion into methanol. Also, no loss of pure CO(2) SFE extract was observed upon collection on the head of a GC column. However, use of a methanol or toluene modifier for CO(2) SFE directly coupled to GC effected complete loss of extracted pyrene.     

Liquid chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis of supercritical-fluid extracts of rosemary plants

A two-step supercritical fluid extraction process of rosemary leaves, on a pilot plant scale, is proposed to divide the oleoresin into two fractions with different antioxidant activities and essential oil composition. Rosemary leaves were extracted by using different conditions of pressure and temperature as well as different conditions for fractionation of the extracts. Conditions can be tuned to selectively extract one antioxidant fraction with almost no residual aroma. In the present investigation, the antioxidant fraction was exhaustively studied in terms of antioxidant activity measurements as well as of chemical composition. An LC–MS method was adapted to perform the analysis and identification of the compounds responsible for the antioxidant activity of the extracts. Different extraction and fractionation conditions were studied in order to correlate the process conditions with the antioxidant activities obtained.     

Integrated continuous microfluidic liquid-liquid extraction

We describe continuous flow liquid-liquid phase separation in microfluidic devices based on capillary forces and selective wetting surfaces. Effective liquid-liquid phase separation is achieved by using a thin porous fluoropolymer membrane that selectively wets non-aqueous solvents, has average pore sizes in the 0.1-1 microm range, and has a high pore density for high separation throughput. Pressure drops throughout the microfluidic network are modelled and operating regimes for the membrane phase separator are determined based on hydrodynamic pressure drops and capillary forces. A microfluidic extraction device integrating mixing and phase separation is realized by using silicon micromachining. Modeling of the phase separator establishes the operating limits. The device is capable of completely separating several organic-aqueous and fluorous-aqueous liquid-liquid systems, even with high fractions of partially miscible compounds. In each case, extraction is equivalent to one equilibrium extraction stage.     

Supercritical fluid extraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) from native soil and fly ash with pure and modified carbon dioxide and dimethylether

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and alkyl-PAH in the lower mg/kg range were extracted from soil and fly ash. Extraction yields were measured for toluene Soxhlet, supercritical carbon dioxide, toluene modified carbon dioxide, and toluene modified dimethylether (DME) extractions. Pure DME similarly to toluene Soxhlet extraction enhances extraction yields (32 mg/kg) as compared to pure carbon dioxide (21 mg/kg). In particular, higher molecular weight PAH are extracted with pure DME. 5% Toluene modified carbon dioxide (43 mg/kg) and toluene modified DME (50 mg/kg) yield much better extraction yields than Soxhlet (32 mg/kg) or pure supercritical fluid extractions. Received: 19 July 1996 / Revised: 23 September 1996 / Accepted: 22 October 1996     

若干芳香化湿类及理气类中药的超临界二氧化碳萃取研究

对苍术、砂仁、香附等若干芳香化湿类及理气类中药进行了超临界CO2 萃取 ,并对其中部分萃取产物的组成进行了GC和GC -MS分析。结果显示 ,超临界CO2 萃取产物的质量与出油率较传统水蒸气蒸馏产物均有较大改善和提高     

高温煤焦油的超临界萃取分馏研究

采用正戊烷溶剂,在超临界状态下,于220℃和5MPa~15MPa循序升压条件下,将高温煤焦油萃取分馏为10个液相窄馏分和1个固相沥青产物;切割深度达78.36%,萃余沥青收率为21.64%,明显低于常规蒸馏沥青收率。研究发现,所用高温煤焦油的初馏分萃取收率最高,随着萃取压力的增加,较低压力段一次萃取液相馏分的收率迅速减少;压力达到10 MPa,液相馏分总收率趋于峰值。元素分析和色质联用分析数据表明,随着萃取压力的增加,一次萃取获得窄馏分的碳氢原子比逐渐增加,平均环数和相对分子质量均逐渐增大,萃取馏分逐渐变重。     

Microstructure and performance of carbonization products of component from soft coal pitch

Pitch is constituted of aromatic hydrocarbon, which is one kind of organic liquid with high viscosity. The soft coal pitch was divided into different group components by solvent extraction, and the different fractions of soft coal pitch were carbonized separately. The relationship between the microstructures of carbonization products and the chemical compositions of group components was investigated in this paper. Results show that the structure and morphology of the carbonization products from pitch were significantly influenced by the chemical composition of the group components. The main microstructure of the toluene soluble (TS) fraction-derived carbonization products is streamline and partial regional type. The microstructure of products from toluene insoluble (TI) fraction is mosaic and regional type. The structure of toluene insoluble-quinoline soluble (TI-QS) fraction-derived carbonization product is mainly streamline type. Nevertheless, the carbonization product from quinoline insoluble (QI) fraction is constituted with isotropy micron grade isotropic particles.     

含镧金属富勒烯不同溶剂的高温高压提取

将金属原子或离子置于以Ｃ６０、Ｃ８２为代表的富勒烯笼内形成金属富勒烯包合物是目前富勒烯研究的热点课题［１～３］．合成的金属富勒烯常伴随生成较难分离的空心富勒烯,传统的索氏提取法效率又较低,使得金属富勒烯的深入研究受到限制［１,２］．本文采用改进的高温...