丙烷甲醇制烯烃共反应的热力学和动力学分析

通过计算和实验研究相结合的方法研究丙烷甲醇共进料制烯烃反应热力学及动力学过程.热力学过程采用Gibbs最小自由能法模拟丙烷甲醇制烯烃反应体系的平衡组成,同时结合响应面分析法建立了温度、压力、丙烷甲醇进料摩尔比对产物中丙烯的摩尔分数的函数关系,通过回归方程分析最佳工艺范围.热力学分析了反应条件对平衡产物的影响,随着反应温度升高,平衡产物丙烯的质量分数先增高后降低;平衡产物中丙烯的质量分数随着丙烷甲醇进料中丙烷摩尔比增高而增高,但是实际的反应状态和催化剂也是相关的,因此研究了存在催化剂情况下,丙烷脱氢和丙烷甲醇共进料反应的活化能.反应活化能动力学实验表明,通过添加少量甲醇可以降低耦合过程中丙烷脱氢表观活化能.     

乙烯齐聚制α-烯烃反应体系的热力学研究

利用Benson基团贡献法计算了乙烯齐聚制α-烯烃反应各物质的标准摩尔生成焓、标准摩尔熵和摩尔定压热容,在298～700 K温度范围内对乙烯齐聚制α-烯烃反应体系的反应热、吉布斯自由能以及反应平衡常数进行了详尽的计算,分析了不同反应步骤的热力学平衡与限度,对不同反应发生的热力学可能性与顺序进行了判断,考察了反应温度和压力对乙烯齐聚制α-烯烃反应化学平衡的影响,确定了乙烯齐聚制α-烯烃反应体系适宜的工艺条件.结果表明:乙烯齐聚制α-烯烃反应为放热反应;从热力学上看,温度低于546 K时,乙烯齐聚生成直链α-烯烃反应为自发过程,且比α-烯烃异构化和烯烃歧化反应更容易进行;低温、高压有利于乙烯齐聚制α-烯烃反应的进行;乙烯齐聚制α-烯烃反应体系适宜的工艺条件为温度323～473 K,压力5～20 MPa,且在SHOP法的工艺条件下(温度363 K,压力10.3 MPa),乙烯齐聚生成直链α-烯烃反应的热力学平衡转化率接近于100%.     

甲烷氧化偶联制烯烃的热力学平衡限度

选择适宜的热力学模型对甲烷氧化偶联制烯烃体系的热力学平衡进行分析，考察温度﹑压力﹑进料组成对体系组分的平衡限度影响。研究发现，在甲烷氧化偶联制烯烃体系中，H2、CO的生成相对容易，C2产物（C2H4、C2H6）不容易生成。通过计算，得到了该体系有利于烯烃生成的反应条件，500℃～800℃、1.5MPa、烷氧摩尔比为7。实验为甲烷氧化偶联反应器和催化剂的开发研究提供热力学依据。     

MFT改质反应平衡组成的计算

计算了在不同温度及压力条件下ＭＦＴ改质反应的平衡组成，结果表明，在所选的反应条件下，丙烷是热力学上有利的产物，获得最高含量。     

煤浆气化过程数学模型的探讨——复杂反应系统平衡组成的计算

本文对煤浆气化过程中复杂反应的化学计量关系及平衡组成计算进行了探讨。建立了电子计算机用数学模型及程序。在已知进料组成和气化条件的情况下,从热力学数据即可计算平衡组成,计算结果与实验值符合较好。     

N—异丙基甲基丙烯酰胺共聚热缩温敏水凝胶

从甲基丙烯腈与异丙醇反应制备了Ｎ－异丙基甲基丙烯酰胺（ＮＩＰＭ），研究了其以Ｎ，Ｎ＇－亚甲基双丙烯酰胺（ＭＢＡ）为交联剂在不同溶剂体系的聚合及所形成的水凝胶的性质。表明ＮＩＰＭ－ＭＢＡ凝胶具有热缩温敏性。在ＮＩＰＭ－ＭＢＡ体系引入丙烯酸钠、甲基丙烯酸钠等负离子单体时，凝胶的溶胀比明显增加，ＭＢＡ所占比例较少的体系，具有热缩、热胀双重性。     

混合溶剂中TS-1催化丙烯环氧化反应的研究

对甲醇、异丙醇混合溶剂中的TS－1催化丙烯环氧化过程进行了实验研究。通过单因素实验和正交实际，系统考察了溶剂组成（甲醇质量／异丙醇质量），反应温度，H2O2浓度和TS－1催化剂浓度四个因素对反应的影响，得到了反应的最佳工艺条件。在此条件下反应30min,H2O2转化率为94．1％，环氧丙烷选择性为95．3％，环氧丙烷收率为89．7％。     

丁烯催化裂解制丙烯/乙烯反应的热力学研究

 通过对丁烯催化裂解反应网络中各反应步骤进行热力学分析计算,结合实际反应的产物分布,探讨了各产物的形成机理及影响因素. 热力学计算结果表明,升高温度有利于丁烯裂解为丙烯和乙烯,选择合适的反应温度和压力可有效提高产物中的丙烯/乙烯比. 低碳烯烃在热力学上有很强的芳构化倾向,升高温度可抑制氢转移反应,可以通过优化反应条件和开发高选择性催化剂的方法来提高丙烯和乙烯的选择性,抑制芳烃和烷烃的生成. 在催化裂解反应条件下,C5+烃的生成量较少. 热力学计算结果在进行催化剂筛选和反应条件优化过程中得到了验证和补充.     

C_8芳烃异构体+异丙醇体系在333.15K时的过量摩尔Gibbs自由能

采用CP-I型汽液平衡双循环釜,测定了333.15 K时乙苯+异丙醇、邻二甲苯+异丙醇、间二甲苯+异丙醇、对二甲苯+异丙醇四个体系的汽液平衡数据,计算了该温度下四个体系的过量摩尔Gibbs自由能,并对所测数据进行了恒温下热力学一致性检验。用Wilson方程关联了实验数据,拟合精度令人满意。     

卤代硅烯异构化为卤代甲硅烷基硅烯的热力学与动力学分析

利用密度泛函理论(DFT) 中的B3LYP方法,全参数优化了卤代硅烯HXSi=SiXH（X=F、Cl、Br、I）异构化反应的反应物、产物及过渡态的几何构型,计算出了它们的振动频率、零点振动能(ZPVE)和总能量,并对它们进行了振动分析,以确定过渡态的真实性。又计算了反应的热力学函数变化,平衡常数及速率常数,比较了不同卤素对反应的影响。热力学与动力学计算结果表明,该异构化反应过程是一个放热的、且在低温下可自发进行的反应,但对于溴代硅烯和碘代硅烯而言,当温度达到1000 K时,反应开始转化为非自发反应。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.