微量量热法测定细菌的最佳生长温度

前文＊报导过两个菌种在不同培养基中的临界生长温度．本文在此基础上，对细菌生长过程与温度之间的关系做了进一步探讨，确定了各菌种在相同的培养基中有最适宜的生长温度，对几株杆菌、球菌、弧菌在相同培养基、不同温度下代谢过程的热谱进行了测定，按文献间的方法，求出了它们在不同温度下的生长速率常数，并拟合了k一T非线性方程（有极大值），从该方程出发找出了另一特征温度，即最佳生长温度．1实验部分五．五仪器、苗种与材料本实验采用瑞典Aug司产的新型热导式微量量热计，其结构、原理与操作见前文门．实验所用菌种均由北京药品…     

微生物最适生长酸度的微量热法研究

The bacterial growth thermogram curves under different acidities were determined. From these thermogram curves, the growth rate constants(k) at different acidities were calculated and the equation correlating of k with PH could be established. From these k-pH equations,the optimum acidity of bacteria growth could be obtained. These models provide a good method for the study of the metabolism of bacteria.     

细菌最佳生长的热化学研究

细菌最佳生长的热化学研究刘义，冯英，谢昌礼，屈松生，冯长健，乐芝凤（武汉大学化学系武汉４３００７２）（华中师范大学化学系武汉）关键词　细菌最佳生长温度，席夫碱，热化学，微量热法用微量热法研究细菌生长代谢过程已有大量报道［１～４］，可求出细菌生长的速率...     

微量热法测定细菌的最低生长温度

微量热法测定细菌的最低生长温度南照东，刘永军，孙海涛，张洪林（曲阜师范大学化学系曲阜２７３１６５）关键词微量热法，细菌的生长热谱，最低生长温度，生长速率常数我们应用微量热法测定了大肠杆菌（Ｅ．ｃｏｌｉ），白色葡萄球菌（Ｓ．ａｌｂｕｓ），金黄色葡萄球菌...     

海洋石油降解细菌对石油烃降解效果的气相色谱法分析

用毛细管气相色谱法分析评价海洋石油降解细菌对石油烃的降解效果,结果表明,毛细管气相色谱法能够测定出石油降解细菌对石油烃的降解进程和对正构烷烃的总降解率,以及温度对降解速率的影响。石油降解细菌对正构烷烃有明显的降解作用,混合菌株的降解率明显高于单菌株的降解率;在20℃的条件下,经过21 d后,绝大部分的正烷烃被降解,总的降解率为94.93%。     

Mechanistic Simulation Studies on Viscous-Elastic Polymer Flooding in Petroleum Reservoirs

Based on the theory and application developments of polymer flooding on enhancing oil recovery, an improved mathematical model has been developed to simulate the mechanism of viscous-elastic polymer flooding. IMPES method has been presented to solve the polymer flooding model considering the viscosifying effect of elasticity, the effect of decreasing residual oil and the degradation of polymer molecules. The validation of the model is approved by an experiment. A simulation example was carried out using the developed numerical simulator. The enhanced oil recovery mechanism was discussed for viscous-elastic polymer flooding, and corresponding influencing factors were also studied.     

微量热法测定细菌的临界生长温度

In this paper, we have determined the multiplication rate constanis (k) of Shigella flexneri and E. coli. at different temperatures and in different culture media by means of a microcalorimeter. From these results a linear equation as k~(1/2)=a+bT can be established for the bacterial growth. The corresponding linear equation for S. flexneri is k~(1/2)=-1.2823+0.0047122 T(r=0.971), so its eritica lgrowth temperature T_0 is equal to 272.1 K. The linear equation for E coli is k~(1/2)=-1.6390+0.005948 T (r=0.994), T_0=275.5 K. The experimental results indicate that the critial growth temperature of E. coli. is nearly a constant (T_0=273.9 K) in different culture media, which is very informative for the study on microorganism growth.     

MWPCVD低温合成纳米碳管的生长机理

The synthesis of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) at low temperature has received a great deal of attention and be-comes a challenging issue. But few model which accounts for the growth of CNTs is suited for the synthesis of CNTs by microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition (MWPCVD) at low temperature because most researchers conclude that the growth mechanism is determined by the catalyst-supporter interaction while ignored the diffusion of carbon in the catalyst. In this paper, under the catalytic effect of cobalt supported by SiO₂ and Al₂O₃, CNTs are synthe-sized by MWPCVD at about 500℃, and tip-growth, the model which accounts for the catalytic growth of CNTs is outlined. It is the temperature difference between the upper and bottom of the catalytic particle that results in the diffusion of carbon atoms from upper to the bottom, and precipitation of saturated carbon on the bottom surface to form CNTs.     

Thermal and rheological study of polysaccharides for enhanced oil recovery

Enhanced oil recovery process is based on the injection of chemical products (e.g. polymers, surfactants, gases) or thermal energy (originating from the injection of e.g. steam, hot water, in situ combustion) to recover crude oil. One of these processes use polymer solution to mobilize the oil in the reservoir. In this work the thermal decomposition kinetic of xanthan gum, guar gum and a blend (50/50 mass/mass%) was studied according to Ozawa–Flynn–Wall method. According to the kinetic analysis, the studied systems were copmpatible. The rheological behavior of the samples was studied in distilled water and seawater at different temperatures. Only the blend was studied in distilled water presented synergism (enhancement in material properties like stability and viscosity) which was confirmed through rheology.     

大庆原油中石油羧酸组成的GC-MS分析

用碱抽提法从大庆原油中分离石油羧酸，通过硅胶柱层析法将石油酸分为5个不同的馏分，分别对3个极性馏分的甲酯化产物进行GC－MS结构鉴定，大庆原油含有C9－C24全部系列正构饱和脂肪酸、多种异构饱和脂肪酸及不饱和脂肪酸，乙酸乙酯馏分在整个洗脱分离物中的量占最大比例，而且几乎集中了所有的异构脂肪酸。     

Determination of power-time curves of bacterial growth and study of optimum growth temperature and acidity

Bacterial growth power-time curves were determined by using the 2277 Thermal Activity Monitor. The growth rate constants at different temperatures and acidities were calculated via the optimum growth temperature and optimum growth acidity obtained.     

Synthesis of Segmented Silica Rods by Regulation of the Growth Temperature

The control of the diameter of colloidal structures is of fundamental interest and practical importance. We synthesized segmented silica rods by regulating the reaction temperature while the rods were growing. With higher growth temperatures, the segment diameter became smaller. Longer incubation times gave longer segments at the same temperature. Similarly, high temperature for the same incubation time gave longer segments. It appears that the correlation between temperature and diameter results from the relation between temperature and the size of the emulsion droplet, that is, the higher the temperature, the smaller the emulsion droplet.     

Preparation and solution properties of a novel cationic hydrophobically modified polyacrylamide for enhanced oil recovery

Abstract

A novel cationic water-soluble monomer allyldimethylisooctylammonium bromide (ADIAB) containing a short-chain alkane was synthesized successfully. This monomer was copolymerized with acrylamide and sodium acrylate to produce hydrophobically modified polyacrylamide (HMPAM) using solution polymerization without surfactants. The structures of monomer ADIAB and HMPAM were characterized with infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Influence of preparation condition on viscosities of products was studied. The aqueous solution viscosity of the terpolymer was also investigated as functions of concentration, temperature and salinity. The results showed that when the temperature exceeds the 60?°C and NaCl concentration exceeds about 2000?mg/L, the temperature and salt tolerance characters of terpolymer were demonstrated. The enhanced oil recovery tests were initially carried out using homogeneous sandpack models.     

温度对PbO2电沉积形核生长过程的影响研究

为了探讨温度对PbO₂电沉积形核生长过程的影响,在25℃、35℃、45℃、55℃、65℃使用电化学工作站测试了PbO₂在玻碳电极上沉积过程的循环伏安曲线、计时电位曲线及计时电流曲线,并对不同温度下电沉积的PbO₂镀层进行了SEM和XRD分析. 结果表明,在不同温度下PbO₂都经历了成核和核生长过程. 温度的升高没有改变PbO₂电沉积三维连续成核的模式,降低了沉积过程溶液阻力,对成核和晶体生长速率均有促进作用,在晶核密度达到饱和晶核密度以前,是以促进成核速率为主,减小PbO₂颗粒尺寸. 达到饱和晶核密度后,电沉积后期以促进晶体生长速率为主,不利于形成细小PbO₂颗粒.高温使得析氧速率提高,能耗增大.由实验结果得出,在55℃时得到的PbO₂镀层粒径最小.     

细菌有限生长热动力学研究

在有限的生长空间内和营养条件下，细胞是无法实现无限生长的．细胞在发展初期，由于本身还不够强大，增大的速率比较低；而发展到后期，又由于衰老和环境的制约，增长速率降低，甚至停滞下来．只有在发展中期，才处于增殖高峰，增长速率较快．细胞群体增殖速率经历“慢一快一慢”的变化过程，导致了生长曲线是一条S型变化曲线［‘，’］．对于细菌的生长，只有局部、短时间内符合指数生长特征＊，对于整个生长过程中是不符合的，对干理论的有限生长曲线，可设计三种方程式＊，以适合有限生长曲线的特征：单分子、自催化或简单逻辑、Gomner…     

油藏化学工程研究的发展趋势

油藏化学工程是以三次采油为背景,在油藏工程和化学等相关学科的交叉领域中发展起来的,它主要是研究油藏环境中发生的传递现象和化学反应,及其影响油藏动态的原理与规律的学科。化学工程中一系列的新方法、新概念、新的理论原理的应用对油藏化学工程学科的形成将起到重要的推动作用,同时化学工程的发展与我国独特的自然资源和社会经济背景相结合将使其具有更强大的生命力。油藏化学工程研究的复杂环境和丰富的学科营养,为发展化学工程的前沿领域提供了广阔的园地。 为了更好地推进我国油藏化学工程研究的发展,文中提出了还需要加强的有关工作。     

Investigation and Modeling of Temperature Dependence Recovery Behavior of Shape‐Memory Crosslinked Polyethylene

Shape memory was induced in crosslinked low‐density polyethylene by a heating‐stretching‐cooling cycle. The effect of crosslink content on thermal properties and temperature dependence recovery behavior was studied experimentally. The importance of stretching temperature and crosslink content on recovery behavior could be reasonably explained by the observed changes in the thermal properties which were attributed to the differences in crystalline structures and mechanism of crystal formation during the heating‐stretching‐cooling process. A mechanical model was developed to describe qualitatively and quantitatively the temperature dependence recovery behavior of the prepared shape memory crosslinked polyethylene at nonisothermal state under various conditions by driving constitutive equations using a set of model constants. These model constants were determined with the help of a set of optimization codes using a genetic algorithm method. By choosing a suitable set of model constants one can describe with high accuracy the temperature dependence recovery behavior of any shape memory polymer.

     

Establishment and Application of a Predictive Growth Kinetic Model of Salmonella with the Appearance of Two Other Dominant Background Bacteria in Fresh Pork

To better guide microbial risk management and control, growth kinetic models of Salmonella with the coexistence of two other dominant background bacteria in pork were constructed. Sterilized pork cutlets were inoculated with a cocktail of Salmonella Derby (S. Derby), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa), and Escherichia coli (E. coli), and incubated at various temperatures (4–37 °C). The predictive growth models were developed based on the observed growth data. By comparing R² of primary models, Baranyi models were preferred to fit the growth curves of S. Derby and P. aeruginosa, while the Huang model was preferred for E. coli (all R² ≥ 0.997). The secondary Ratkowsky square root model can well describe the relationship between temperature and μ_max (all R² ≥ 0.97) or Lag (all R² ≥ 0.98). Growth models were validated by the actual test values, with B_f and A_f close to 1, and MSE around 0.001. The time for S. Derby to reach a pathogenic dose (10⁵ CFU/g) at each temperature in pork was predicted accordingly and found to be earlier than the time when the pork began to be judged nearly fresh according to the sensory indicators. Therefore, the predictive microbiology model can be applied to more accurately predict the shelf life of pork to secure its quality and safety.