龙门山前缘上三叠统马鞍塘组沉积分布特征及其控制因素

马鞍塘组在龙门山前缘多次出露和钻遇,由于其岩性的差别较大,对其沉积特征和控制因素一直存有争议.通过四川盆地西北部多个剖面的测量和龙深1井的分析,结合古构造背景和薄片观察,对川西卡尼期的岩相古地理进行了研究,将龙门山前缘马鞍塘期(卡尼期)沉积从北向南主要分为三个区:马鞍塘车站沉积区、汉旺-佛爷洞礁滩沉积区、龙深1井饥饿沉积区.结合当时构造背景,认为马鞍塘期沉积地层主要受到龙门山早期断层带控制.该断层带为正断层性质,但同时也具有走滑特征.由于断层间的互相作用,在龙门山后山带形成"龙门山岛链",在龙门山前缘形成川西北马鞍塘组的三个具不同特征的沉积区.     

河南留山盆地中、上三叠统的层序地层格架及意义

对位于秦岭造山带内的河南南阳留山盆地鸭河口剖面三叠系进行了详细测量和层序地层学研究.对首次发现的凝灰岩进行了精细刻画,依据其SHRIMP锆石U-Pb定年得到(237±2.5)Ma的地质年龄值,认为以前被划归上三叠统的太山庙组应属于中三叠统,在地层年代学上可以与华北地块南缘的铜川组(陕西)或者油坊庄组(河南)对比.以此作为标志层以及识别出的3个湖泛面和4个层序界面,将太山庙组和太子山组下部地层划分为3个层序旋回.     

扬子地区上奥陶—下志留统生物钡特征及其古生产力意义

对扬子地区上奥陶统五峰组和下志留统龙马溪组Ba和Ti元素的含量进行了分析,结果表明,扬子地区五峰组和龙马溪组钡质量分数为855.63～1872.33mg/kg;采用标准陆源物质扣除法获得的生物钡质量分数为612.17～1711.81mg/kg,占总钡质量分数的60.74%～91.98%,平均为76.73%.总钡和生源钡含量变化趋势明显,均在五峰组上部明显升高.根据钡的古生产力计算模型估算了古生产力状况,并探讨了古生产力变化的影响因素,认为五峰晚期古生产力升高与当时全球气候变冷所引发的上升洋流和海平面下降事件有关.     

柳江盆地上寒武统崮山组微量元素地球化学特征及古环境指示意义

柳江盆地记录了从太古代至新生代华北地台乃至全球地壳运动、岩浆活动、沉积环境、气候演化以及生物进化和发展等各种重要地质事件与地质现象,是研究不同时期古环境恢复的极佳选择。通过对秦皇岛柳江盆地上寒武统崮山组的野外考察和不同层段岩石全元素的测定,分析了各元素富集的丰度。运用微量元素地球化学指标体系研究了古盐度、古气候以及氧化还原环境,根据Sr/Ba和Th/U等指标分析,认为研究区域是淡水-半咸水环境,其盐度从下至上逐渐降低;Sr/Cu、Rb/Sr数据表明研究区域为温暖潮湿的气候;依据δU、U/Th、V/Cr、Ni/Co和Ce/Ce*等指标分析,研究区域为氧化环境。     

扬子地区上奥陶-下志留统生物钡特征及其古生产力意义

对扬子地区上奥陶统五峰组和下志留统龙马溪组Ba和Ti元素的含量进行了分析,结果表明,扬子地区五峰组和龙马溪组钡质量分数为855．63～1872．33mg／kg;采用标准陆源物质扣除法获得的生物钡质量分数为612．17～1711．81mg／kg,占总钡质量分数的60．74％～91．98％,平均为76．73％．总钡和生源钡含量变化趋势明显,均在五峰组上部明显升高．根据钡的古生产力计算模型估算了古生产力状况,并探讨了古生产力变化的影响因素,认为五峰晚期古生产力升高与当时全球气候变冷所引发的上升洋流和海平面下降事件有关．     

陆丰、惠来地区第四纪沉积物粒度、微体古生物与沉积相分析及其对古环境的指示意义

粤东地区是研究华南沿海地区古地貌变迁及海陆相互作用的重要窗口.本文提供了汕尾及揭阳惠来地区实测沉积物粒度组成数据和微体古生物组合数据,为进一步开展该区域第四纪研究提供了基础资料.微体古生物鉴定结果表明,样品中所含的有孔虫、介形虫和硅藻化石均属于第四纪常见种.综合结果表明,陆丰钻孔LFZK05和惠来钻孔HLZK02的岩芯中可能存在三个海相层,说明汕尾陆丰和揭阳惠来地区在第四纪以来至少经历过三次海侵.推测最年轻的海侵层沉积于全新世.该全新世海侵层见于陆丰螺河沿岸的钻孔LFZK04中,但在更为上游的钻孔LFZK03中却没有发现,这可能说明汕尾陆丰地区全新世海侵范围没有到达钻孔LFZK03（自海岸线沿螺河上游约10 km处）的位置;但也不能排除钻孔LFZK03之前存在的海侵层被河流活动侵蚀而未能保存的可能性.上述推论需要结合年代数据进一步厘定.本文提供了汕尾及揭阳惠来地区第一批发表的沉积物粒度分布数据和微体古生物数据,为进一步开展该区域第四纪研究提供了基础资料.     

A wetness index derived from tree-rings in the Mt. Yishan area of China since 1755 AD and its agricultural implications

Dendroclimatological techniques were employed to investigate the relationship between Chinese Pinus(Pinus tabulaeformis Carr.) growth and climatic variability in the Mt.Yishan region of Shandong Province, China, over the past253 years. Using regression analysis, the wetness index(WI)was reconstructed for the Mt. Yishan area for the period1755–2007 AD based on tree-ring widths; predictor variables accounted for 40 % of the variance. The reconstructed timeseries displayed an increasing trend after the late 1960 s. Both the estimated and the observed WI for May–August were better correlated with precipitation than temperature during the period 1958–2007 AD, indicating that the contribution of precipitation to the WI was larger than temperature in the study area. The reconstructed WI was compared with the dryness/wetness index of China and land areas that were affected by droughts and floods using the agricultural statistics for Shandong Province. In addition, the WI time-series corresponded well with the peanut yield in Shandong Province at high frequency, which may be reasonable in the context of agriculture in Shandong. The 3-, 5- to 6- and 9- to10-year periodicities detected in the time-series suggested that the reconstructed WI in the Mt. Yishan area may be related to large-scale climate variations.     

An area for vergence eye movement in primate frontal cortex

To view objects at different distances, humans rely on vergence eye movements to appropriately converge or diverge the eyes and on ocular accommodation to focus the object. Despite the importance of these coordinated eye movements (the 'near response') very little is known about the role of the cerebral cortex in their control. As near-response neurons exist within the nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis, which receives input from the frontal eye field region of frontal cortex, and this cortical region is known to be involved in saccadic and smooth-pursuit eye movements, we propose that a nearby region might play a role in vergence and ocular accommodation. Here we provide evidence from rhesus monkeys that a region of frontal cortex located immediately anterior to the saccade-related frontal eye field region is involved in vergence and ocular accommodation, and in the sensorimotor transformations required for these eye movements. We conclude that the macaque frontal cortex is involved in the control of all voluntary eye movements, and suggest that the definition of the frontal eye fields should be expanded to include this region.     

羌塘盆地那底岗日地区上侏罗统—下白垩统碳酸盐岩微量元素与古环境

那底岗日剖面是羌塘盆地发育最完整的上三叠统-下白垩统剖面之一。采用V/Cr、V/Sc、V/(V+Ni)、Th/U、Ni/Co和Fe2+/Fe3+的比值作为判断氧化还原环境的指标,Mn、Ti、P的富集程度推断古气候,Sr/Ba、Sr/Ca、Rb、V/Ni反映古盐度变化,结合沉积相的分析,研究那底岗日地区晚侏罗世-早白垩世的古环境变化。结果表明:上侏罗统索瓦组为开阔台地相,形成于贫氧的干旱炎热高盐度环境;下白垩统索瓦组经历了局限台地相和三角洲相沉积环境,形成于氧化-贫氧的潮湿-干旱炎热高盐度环境,且盐度高于上侏罗统。剖面中页岩产出层位与下白垩统海相油页岩的产出层位相当,均为潟湖相沉积;该时期气候温暖潮湿,有利于生物的大量繁殖,导致区域上大规模油页岩的沉积。     

Elemental composition in surface snow from the ultra-high elevation area of Mt. Qomolangma （Everest）

A total of 14 surface snow （0-10 cm） samples were collected along the climbing route （6500-8844 m a.s.h） on the northern slope of Mt. Qomolangma in May, 2005. Analysis of elemental concentrations in these samples showed that there are no clear trends for element variations with elevation due to redistribution of surface snow by strong winds during spring. In addition, local crustal aerosol inputs also have an influence on elemental composition of surface snow. Comparison between elemental concentration datasets of 2005 and 1997 indicated that data from 2005 were of higher quality. Elemental concentrations （especially for heavy metals） at Mt. Qomolangma are comparable with polar sites, and far lower than large cities. This indicates that anthropogenic activities and heavy metal pollution have little effect on the Mt. Qomolangma atmospheric environment, which can be representative of the background atmospheric environment.     

川西北汉旺地区卡尼期鲕粒灰岩特征及地质意义

探讨川西北地区晚三叠世卡尼期马鞍塘组下部的鲕粒灰岩的沉积相及沉积时的古气候、古盐度。在前人研究成果基础上,对绵竹县汉旺观音崖剖面开展野外调查和室内薄片鉴定及碳氧同位素测试,结果表明共发育3套鲕粒灰岩,主要沉积于碳酸盐缓坡,由下到上鲕粒以复鲕、同心鲕、放射同心鲕、脑状鲕呈现,展示鲕粒沉积时海水能量降低、水体逐渐加深的趋势;上部灰岩中脑状鲕与同心鲕共存且同心鲕具双峰态粒度分布,显示鲕粒沉积时受到风暴作用影响。碳、氧同位素测试显示,鲕粒灰岩沉积时的古温度大体在24～35℃,Z 值在127～131,表明在卡尼期早期,川西北地区以蒸发量较高的低纬度地区干热气候为主。     

八大公山自然保护区的野生观赏植物资源

初步查明该区具有野生观赏植物793种,分别隶属于110科,320属.对其中具有一定代表性、开发利用潜力较大的160种植物的生活型、可供观赏的主要特征、花果期及生境等,以表列的形式进行了扼要描述.最后,就如何充分、合理地开发和保护该区的野生花卉资源,作者提出了自己的看法.     

新疆东天山地区自然铜矿带地质特征

文章对新疆东天山自然铜成矿带的地质特征进行了研究,该自然铜矿化带处于觉罗塔格金、铜、铁构造成矿带内,自然铜矿点自西向东分布于十里坡地区、黑龙峰地区和长城山地区;自然铜矿点的赋矿围岩为下石炭统马头滩组玄武岩和凝灰岩,矿石矿物主要以自然铜和砷铜矿为主,自然铜矿点中铜含量较高;通过对十里坡和黑龙峰自然铜矿点2个地球化学剖面的研究和对比,表明成矿元素铜受地层控制明显,2个自然铜矿点在大地构造位置,赋矿地层,赋矿岩石、铜的赋存状态和成矿元素组合方面有很多共性,认为东天山若干自然铜矿点是同一成矿作用的产物,东天山地区可能存在连续几百公里的自然铜成矿带.     

^7Be and ^210pb radioactivity and implications on sources of surface ozone at Mt. Waliguan

Beryllium-7 (^7Be) and lead-210 (^210Pb) radioactivity in aerosols collected, from October 2002 to January 2004 at Mt. Waliguan, by the Global Atmospheric Watch (GAW) Station, Qinghai Province is presented. The data were analyzed together with simultaneously measured surface ozone concentrations. We found that short time variations of ^7Be and ^210Pb were linked to alternations of synoptic weather around the Mt. Waliguan region. ^210Pb showed the lowest concentration in summer while ^7Be showed no obvious seasonal changes. Relatively high ^7Be and ^210Pb radioactivity was observed at Mt. Waliguan when compared with the observations at other mountain sites in other parts of the world. Surface ozone and ^7Be showed a consistent seasonal variation. Surface ozone correlated fairly well with ^7Be/^210Pb ratio. This suggested that vertical transport from higher altitudes of the atmosphere has predominant effects on the budget of surface ozone at Mt. Waliguan.     

龙门山甘溪泥盆系养马坝组铁质鲕粒地球化学特征与成因

研究龙门山地区甘溪剖面中泥盆统养马坝组铁质鲕粒的成因机制和沉积环境。以薄片鉴定和扫描电镜分析为基础,通过主元素、痕量元素和稀土元素测试,对铁质鲕粒的地球化学特征进行了分析,进而对铁质的来源和铁质鲕粒的成因进行了研究。甘溪的养马坝组铁质鲕粒有正常鲕粒、绿泥石鲕粒和铁化鲕粒3种类型,鲕粒中主要的含铁矿物为赤铁矿和绿泥石。养马坝组铁质鲕粒SiO_2、Al_2O_3和TiO_2彼此之间均存在正相关关系,并且具有较高的相关系数。As平均质量分数为4.1×10^-6,与正常海水的As相近;(As+Cu+Mo+Pb+V+Zn)-(Ni+Co)和(Co+Ni+Cu)-(Co/Zn)图表明养马坝组铁质鲕粒中的铁质来源于陆源风化物质。δCe、Eu和La_N/Yb_N平均值分别为1.26、1.29和0.414,均处于大陆边缘沉积范围内。养马坝组铁质鲕粒形成于温暖潮湿动荡的滨浅海环境。     

Biological records of paleoclimate and paleoenvironment changes from Guanzhong area, Shaanxi Province during the last glacial maximum

We have collected a suite ofPaleoloxodon naumanni-Coelodonta antiquitatis fossils from a river terrace profile between Xi’an and Xianyang cities in Guanzhong Area, Shaanxi Province. A detailed examination of the fossils, together with¹⁴C determinations and pollen analyses, have enabled us to reconstruct preliminary features of climate and environment changes and their evolutionary processes, within the last glacial maximum (LGM): about 20 ka ago, the climate was basically cool and wet, and was favourable for the existence ofPaleoloxodon naumanni-Coelodonta antiquitatis fauna. This was followed by a cold, dry phase which was no longer suitable for this type of faunal suite, causing the death of a large number of mammalian assemblages. The available evidence indicates the existence of cold-dry and cool-wet climate and environment fluctuations during the LGM. The cool-wet stage within the LGM reflects a Heinrich event occurring in the high latitude areas, proving the existence of a teleconnection between polar-high latitude areas and the Loess Plateau.