涡旋光束在反射中的正交偏振特性研究

本文从角谱理论出发建立了涡旋光束在空气-玻璃界面反射时的傍轴传输模型, 并研究了反射过程中诱导产生的正交偏振效应. 当一水平偏振涡旋光束以不同角度入射时, 反射光束的正交偏振分量呈现出类似于一阶厄米-高斯模式的双峰强度分布, 而水平偏振分量强度分布呈现与入射光束相似的分布, 且只在布儒斯特角附近入射时才现出与正交偏振分量垂直的双峰分布. 对于任意线偏振入射光, 其正交偏振分量的偏振方向不再垂直于入射时的偏振方向, 而是与反射光束的中心波矢垂直, 此时正交偏振分量出现有趣的旋转特性, 其物理原因归结于任意线偏振光入射时所对应的水平与垂直偏振分量的反射系数不同. 最后进行了相关实验验证, 发现实验结果与理论分析符合得较好. 关键词： 正交偏振 涡旋光束 任意线偏振     

Direct measurements of an increased threshold for stimulated brillouin scattering with polarization smoothing in ignition hohlraum plasmas

We demonstrate a significant reduction of stimulated Brillouin scattering by polarization smoothing in large-scale high-temperature hohlraum plasma conditions where filamentation is measured to be negligible. The stimulated Brillouin scattering experimental threshold (defined as the intensity at which 5% of the incident light is backscattered) is measured to increase by a factor of 1.7+/-0.2 when polarization smoothing is applied. An analytical model relevant to inertial confinement fusion plasma conditions shows that the measured reduction in backscatter with polarization smoothing results from the random spatial variation in polarization of the laser beam, not from the reduction in beam contrast.     

系统误差对相干偏振合成效率的影响

基于偏振合成技术,以提高系统的合成效率为目的,针对合束过程中存在的几种主要系统误差进行了系统分析和定量计算。结果表明,相对于重叠误差、角度倾斜和偏振合束器的吸收损耗而言,半波片的调整误差是导致合成效率下降的主要因素,尤其是在系统向多路合成拓展时,其影响更加显著。若偏振合束器自身损耗为0.015,光束倾斜角为2°,重叠误差为5%,则16路光束的偏振合成效率仍高于92.5%;当半波片方位角出现0.045rad的偏差时,即使不考虑其他误差,系统合成效率低于74%。     

激光偏振编码制导中铌酸锂晶体编码技术研究

针对激光驾束制导系统光束能量调制方式的原理缺陷,讨论了用铌酸锂晶体的电光效应实现空间偏振编码的原理。对铌酸锂晶体的电光效应进行了理论分析,在此基础上设计了基于普科尔效应的空间偏振编码调制器。确定了X轴方向加电场的最佳运用方式,使得经过编码器后的线偏振光具有理想的偏振态梯度分布。对接收数据处理方式进行了讨论,得到了差和比方式对旋转不敏感的结论。在实验室中用可见光进行了近场实验,获得了从最上方近似右旋圆偏振光到中间的线偏振光再到最下方的左旋圆偏振光的偏振态分布。实验曲线表明获得了与理论计算基本一致的结果。     

光源参数及大气湍流对电磁光束传输偏振特性的影响

根据光束扩展理论,以部分相干的电磁高斯-谢尔光束为研究对象,分析了电磁光束传输时其偏振特性的变化机理.结果表明,光源参数和大气湍流对电磁光束分量扩展的影响是导致传输过程中电磁光束偏振特性变化的原因.在真空中传输时,电磁光束两分量的相干性存在差异,导致传输时电磁光束两分量扩展快慢不同,从而引起传输路径上光束谱偏振度的变化.在大气湍流中,电磁光束两分量扩展的快慢与光源参数和大气湍流强度均有关,当传输路径较短时,电磁光束偏振变化主要与光源参数有关,变化特性与在真空中传输时的情况类似,而传输距离较远时,电磁光束偏振变化受大气湍流的影响明显,变化特性与在真空中传输时的情形存在不同.     

Design of a wedge plate for polarization-preserving angular shifter

It is shown that by using a wedge plate, the incident direction of light propagation can be rotated as necessary while still preserving beam polarization. The basic conditions of these preservations of polarization are deduced. For numerical demonstration, it is shown that a collimated beam with +45° linear polarization can be guided to any pre-settled direction where the square of ellipse ratio variation in the polarization is less than 0.0001%, while the variation of squared ellipse ratio of a right circular polarization beam is kept under 0.1%.     

Polarized beam of unstable nuclei via ion beam surface interaction at grazing incidence

We have measured the polarization of unstable nuclei produced by the technique of ion beam surface interaction at grazing incidence (IBSIGI). A 60 keV ¹²⁴Cs beam from the on-line mass separator was used. The NMR technique was employed for the observation of the nuclear polarization. A small polarization of 0.22(13)% was observed. The small value was interpreted in terms of the velocity dependence of nuclear polarization, comparing with the results observed with stable nuclei. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Volume polarization holographic recording in thick phenanthrenequinone-doped poly(methyl methacrylate) photopolymer

Volume polarization holographic recording in phenanthrenequinone-doped poly (methyl methacrylate) photopolymer is obtained. Photoinduced birefringence in a 2 mm thick sample is measured by a phase-modulated ellipsometry. The birefringence induced in this material by linearly polarized beam at 514 nm reaches 1.2×10(-5). In addition, ability for recording volume polarization grating using two different polarization configurations is demonstrated and compared. The experimental results show that the diffraction efficiency of the hologram reaches to ～40% by using two orthogonal circularly polarized beams.     

Electron-beam-induced polarization of lithium- and manganese-modified lead ferroniobate ceramics and its respective emission phenomena

A polarization state is formed with an electron beam in ceramic samples of pure lead ferroniobate (PFN) and PFN modified to a superstoichiometric composition at the stage of synthesis by adding 1 wt % lithium carbonate (PFNL) and 1 wt % of magnesia (PFNM). It is shown that in the case of PFNL, polarization by an electron beam is more efficient than the conventional method of “hot” polarization. Reasons for the observed effects, including enhanced electron emission from local irradiated areas on the surface of the ceramics, are discussed.     

Polarization ellipse and Stokes parameters of a stochastic electromagnetic Gaussian Schell-model beam propagating through a polarization grating

An analytical propagation formula for the cross-spectral density matrix of a stochastic electromagnetic Gaussian Schell-model (EGSM) beam after propagating through a polarization grating is derived with the help of a tensor method. The statistics properties, particularly the degree of polarization, polarization ellipse and Stokes parameters, of the EGSM beam on propagation after passing through a polarization grating are studied numerically. Our results clearly show that the statistics properties of the EGSM beam on propagation are closely determined by the initial parameters of the EGSM beam and the parameter of the polarization grating. The polarization grating provides one way for modulating the polarization properties of an EGSM beam.     

Self-polarized ytterbium-doped fiber laser

We demonstrate a linearly-polarized, ytterbium-doped fiber laser that uses an uncoated, undoped ceramic YAG plate as the output coupler, and the corresponding polarization extinction ratio of laser beam increases with incident pump power and then saturates at larger pump power. For comparison, the output coupler of the fiber laser is replaced by 10% reflectivity plane mirror, while the feature of the polarization of laser output is kept unchanged. The results show that the origin of the pump-dependent and self-started polarization is associated with the intensity-dependent nonlinear birefringence in the gain fiber.     

大气湍流中部分相干光束上行和下行传输偏振特性的比较

以部分相干的电磁高斯-谢尔模型(electromagnetic Gaussian-Schell model, EGSM) 光束为研究对象, 根据相干和偏振的统一理论以及随机光束的Stokes参量, 推导出EGSM光束在大气湍流中斜程传输时的偏振度(degree of polarization, DoP)和偏振方向角的表达式, 研究了大气湍流中上行和下行传输时EGSM光束偏振特性的不同. 研究结果表明: 在相同条件下, EGSM 光束下行传输时整个光场DoP的分布比上行传输要集中; 下行传输时轴上点的DoP达到最大值所对应的传输距离长于上行传输. 可以看出, EGSM光束沿下行路径传输时, 探测器可以接收更远距离处的波束传输信息.     

Quantum polarization fluctuation of a multi-Gaussian Shell-model beam in a slant turbulent channel

The influence of atmospheric turbulence on the quantum polarization fluctuations of multi-Gaussian Schell-mode (MGSM) beams is studied in detail. An analytical formula for the quantum degree of polarization of a MGSM beam propagating in a slant turbulent channel is derived. Our results show that the degree of polarization of a MGSM beam is affected more by the atmospheric turbulence than that of a GSM beam. The numerical simulations also show that a MGSM beam with higher photon-number level, shorter wavelength, bigger transverse beam width is less affected by the turbulence.     

Rotation of laser beam polarization in acousto-optic devices

When a linear, polarized laser beam is passed through an acousto-optic device, the polarization direction of the outgoing beam is often different from that of the entering beam, and thus a rotation of the polarization angle takes place. This paper shows how the polarization rotation and the intensity can be calculated for different polarization angles. Experimental results obtained with a single crystal germanium frequency shifter in the 10.6 μm region agreed well with theory.     

吲哚俘精酰胺的偏振全息图像光存储实验研究

在吲哚俘精酰胺/PMMA薄膜上记录了同偏振全息和正交偏振全息图，获得了它们的再现衍射像.实验结果表明：吲哚俘精酰胺具有光致各向异性，可以进行正交偏振全息记录.在偏振全息中，衍射光的偏振方向依赖于物光和再现光的偏振方向，衍射像的噪声主要来源于再现光照射到样品上引起的散射.正交偏振全息可以得到比同偏振全息更高信噪比的衍射像.存储于样品上的全息图在室温下黑暗处至少可以保存五个月而衍射效率无明显下降.结果表明，吲哚俘精酰胺是一种可用于偏振全息的可擦重写记录介质. 关键词： 偏振全息 光致各向异性 俘精酸酐 光致变色     

The E166 experiment: Development of an undulator-based polarized positron source for the international linear collider

A longitudinal polarized positron beam is foreseen for the international linear collider (ILC). A proof-of-principle experiment has been performed in the final focus test beam at SLAC to demonstrate the production of polarized positrons for implementation at the ILC. The E166 experiment uses a 1 m long helical undulator in a 46.6 GeV electron beam to produce a few MeV photons with a high degree of circular polarization. These photons are then converted in a thin target to generate longitudinally polarized e ⁺ and e ⁻. The positron polarization is measured using a Compton transmission polarimeter. The data analysis has shown asymmetries in the expected vicinity of 3.4% and ∼1% for photons and positrons respectively and the expected positron longitudinal polarization is covering a range from 50% to 90%.      

径向偏振调制对聚焦光斑匀滑及偏振特性的影响

基于标量衍射理论建立了光谱色散平滑(SSD)、随机相位板(RPP)和偏振匀滑(PS)联用的光束匀滑方案数值仿真模型。以斑纹对比度和偏振度为主要评价参量,利用该模型研究了径向偏振调制的匀滑及消偏振特性。研究表明,径向偏振调制可以有效降低聚焦光斑斑纹对比度和偏振度。使用半波片拼接方式产生近似径向偏振光时,拼接单元数对匀滑及偏振特性影响较小,8片拼接的匀滑效果已与理想径向偏振光几乎一致。对比分析了径向偏振调制、正交偏振调制和双折射楔三种PS方式,结果表明,由于三种PS方式本质上的一致性,光束的匀滑及偏振特性差别较小。     

Polarizing beam splitter based on a double-layer subwavelength grating

A Si–ZnS double-layer subwavelength grating is theoretically used as a high-efficient polarizing beam splitter. To design this structure, the rigorous coupled-wave analysis (RCWA) is applied to study the reflectivity and transmissivity for the TE and TM polarization, respectively. Simulation results show that both the zero-order reflection for TE polarization and the zero-order transmission for TM polarization can exceed 90% in a wide tunable working incident angle range from 48° to 72°. Moreover, the proposed polarizing beam splitter has a working wavelength that is in the range of 1500–1600 nm.     

A simple method for generating inhomogeneously polarized vector beam

Vector beam has attracted much attention recently due to novel properties and applications. And experimental generation of vector beam is very important and necessary when it is used in practice. In this paper, a simple and convenient method for generating inhomogeneously polarized vector beam is proposed. Conic polarization device is a core component that can convert incident beam into inhomogeneously polarized vector beam. And polarizing film is curved to construct this kind of conic polarization device. Experimental results show that this kind of method is valid and feasible, though attention should be paid to junction in the construction process of conic polarization device.     

部分相干电磁光束在湍流介质中传输的偏振变化

 从推广的惠更斯-菲涅尔原理出发,推导出了部分相干电磁光束的偏振态在湍流介质中传输的表达式。并以电磁高斯-谢尔模型(EGSM)光束为例,研究了湍流对电磁高斯-谢尔模型光束偏振态的影响。研究结果表明,对于轴上点,湍流介质的折射率结构常数越大,偏振度趋于最大值的速度越快,达到的最大值越小;光斑越大,偏振度达到最大值的位置离光源越远,在光斑增大的过程中,偏振度所达到的极大值会先增大后减小,最后保持与光源相同的偏振度不变。对于轴外点,一个固定的z,光的偏振度随着离轴距离的增大而逐渐下降,并最终等于零。折射率结构常数越大,偏振度随离轴距离的增大而下降得越缓慢;光斑越大,偏振度随离轴距离的增大下降得越快。