Direct dynamics studies for the reactions of CF3CHFCF3 and CF3CF2CHF2 with H atoms

The rate constants of the hydrogen abstraction reactions of CF₃CHFCF₃ + H (R1) and CF₃CF₂CHF₂ + H (R2) have been calculated by means of the dual-level direct dynamics method. Optimized geometries and frequencies of stationary points and extra points along the minimum-energy path (MEP) are obtained at the MPW1K/6-311+G(d,p) level, and the classical energetic information is further corrected with the interpolated single-point energy (ISPE) approach by the G3(MP2) level of theory. Using the canonical variational transition state theory (CVT) with small-curvature tunneling corrections (SCT), the rate constants are evaluated over a wide temperature range of 200-2000 K. The calculated CVT/SCT rate constants are in good agreement with available experimental values. It is found that the variational effect is very small and almost negligible over the whole temperature region. However, the small-curvature tunneling correction plays an important role in the lower temperature range. Furthermore, the heats of formation of species CF₃CF₂CHF₂ (SC₁ or SC₂) and CF₃CF₂CF₂ are studied using isodesmic reactions to further elucidate the thermodynamic properties.     

Reactions of CF3-enones with ethyl nitroacetate and nitromethane: synthesis of CF3-γ-nitroketones

Reactions of α,β-unsaturated CF₃-ketones with nitromethane and ethyl nitroacetate have been investigated. We found that α,β-unsaturated trifluoromethylketones react with ethyl nitroacetate in the presence of calcinated potassium fluoride to form two classes of 1,4-conjugated addition products: CF₃-γ-nitroketones and 6,6,6-trifluoro-2-nitro-5-oxohexanoates in nearly quantitative yields. The products obtained are precursors for CF₃-pyrrolidine synthesis.     

CH3NO2和CH3自由基吸氢反应途径和变分速率常数计算

采用MP2(full)/6-311G(d, p)从头算方法,优化了硝基甲烷和甲基自由基吸氢反应的过渡态结构,经QCISD(T)方法进行能量校正,得出该反应的正逆向反应的活化位垒分别是58.21 kJ•mol－1和67.17 kJ•mol－1.沿IRC分析指出该反应是氢转移协同反应,而且在反应途径上存在一个引导反应进行的振动模式,这一反应模式引导反应进行的区间在反应坐标S的-0.9～1.0(amu)1/2bohr之间;在温度为800～2600 K范围内,运用改进的变分过渡态理论(ICVT),计算了该反应的速率常数,并与实验类比所得的速率常数随温度的变化趋势进行了比较.     

Ab initio quantum chemical studies on the reactions of CF3O2 with OH

The potential energy surface for the CF₃O₂ + OH reaction has been theoretically investigated using the DFT (B3LYP/6-311G(d,p)) level of theory. Both singlet and triplet potential energy surfaces are investigated. The reaction mechanism on the triplet surface is simple. However, the reaction mechanism on the singlet surface is more complicated. It is revealed that the formation of CF₃O + HO₂ is the dominant channel on the triplet surface. The potential energy surface (PES) for this reaction has been given according to the relative energies calculated at the DFT/B3LYP/6-311G(d,p) level. Because this reaction involves both triplet and singlet states, triplet–singlet intersystem crossing (ISC) crossing also have been investigated in this paper.     

The addition of (CF3SO2)2CHBr to vinylidene fluoride

It has been found that a mixture of (CF₃SO₂)₂CH₂ and (CF₃SO₂)₂CBr₂ can be used instead of (CF₃SO₂)₂CHBr in the radical addition to H₂CCF₂; the 1:1 and 1:2 adducts have been isolated and characterized. An improved synthesis of (CF₃SO₂)₂CBr₂ is also reported.     

Investigation of CF2 carbene on the surface of activated charcoal in the synthesis of trifluoroiodomethane via vapor-phase catalytic reaction

This paper investigates the synthetic mechanism of trifluoroiodomethane (CF₃I) in the reaction of trifluoromethane and iodine via vapor-phase catalytic reaction. It is suggested that CF₂ carbene is the key intermediate and is formed in the pyrolysis process of CHF₃ at high temperature. However, in pyrolysis of CHF₃ under activated charcoal (AC) existing conditions, no C₂F₄ was detected. H₂ and 2-methyl-2-butene could not trap the CF₂ carbene. When treating the remained compounds on the used AC with H₂, CH₄ is formed on the process. It is proposed that CF₂ carbene combines with AC strongly and transfers into CF₃ radical on heat. In addition, it is found that the AC is not only the catalyst supporter to form CF₃I, but also a co-catalyst to promote the formation of CF₂ carbene and CF₃ radical.     

CF2自由基A态伸缩振动频率的测定

Laser induced fluorescence excitation spectroscopy has been used to determine the previously ambiguous assignments of A-state stretching frequencies of CF2 radical under supersonic free jet conditions. The measured frequencies are v’1=1012.1±0.5cm-1, v’3=1180.2±0.5cm-1, which is in good agreement with Cameron's[6] calculation result. Furthermore, some transitions attributed to the (1,n-2,0)←(0,0,0), n≦6 progressions are first reported, and new parameters are derived from the spectra obtained.     

CF3 radicals from triflic anhydride and collidine: Their trapping by a trimethylsilylenolether

The interaction of triflic anhydride with s-collidine in the presence of the (trimethylsilyl)enolether of acetophenone led to duplication products the structure of which could only be explained by the formation of CF₃ radicals.     

锂参与合成MOF-5用于CO_2/CH_4混合气体分离

利用溶剂热法合成了不同锂含量的MOF-5(x Li-MOF-5,x=0,1,3,5)。在MOF-5结晶过程中,锂离子被合并入其骨架结构中。实验表明,合并入骨架的锂能够改变MOF-5的结构和表面化学性质。不同的x Li-MOF-5能够不同程度降低骨架相互穿插的程度从而导致其吸附分离能力的大幅改变。其中,3Li-MOF-5具有最高的二氧化碳捕获能力(5.47 mmol·g-1),对40%CO2/60%CH4混合气体具有最优吸附选择性。     

锂参与合成MOF-5用于CO2/CH4混合气体分离

利用溶剂热法合成了不同锂含量的MOF-5(xLi-MOF-5, x=0, 1, 3, 5).在MOF-5结晶过程中,锂离子被合并入其骨架结构中.实验表明,合并入骨架的锂能够改变MOF-5的结构和表面化学性质.不同的xLi-MOF-5能够不同程度降低骨架相互穿插的程度从而导致其吸附分离能力的大幅改变.其中,3Li-MOF-5具有最高的二氧化碳捕获能力(5.47 mmol·g^-1),对40% CO₂/60% CH₄混合气体具有最优吸附选择性.     

The DFT and ab initio investigations on the mechanism of CF3O2 + H reaction

The mechanisms for the reaction of CF₃O₂ with atomic hydrogen were studied with ab initio and DFT methods. The results reveal that the reaction could take place on the singlet and triplet potential energy surfaces (PES). For the singlet PES, addition/elimination and substitution mechanisms are determined, and the former one is dominant. The most favorable channel involves the association of CF₃O₂ with H atom to form CF₃O₂H (IM1) via a barrierless process, and then the O–O bond dissociates to give out CF₃O + OH. The secondary product might be CF₃OH + O, formed from the O–O bond cleavage in the initial adduct CF₃O(H)O (IM2). Other products such as CF₃ + O₂H, HF + CF₂O₂ and O₂ + CHF₃ are of no importances because of higher barriers. On the triplet PES, only substitution mechanism is located. With higher barriers involving, the channels on the triplet PES could be negligible compared with the channels on the singlet PES.     

S型异质结光催化剂ZnFe2O4/WO3的构筑及光催化还原CO2性能

通过在WO₃纳米片表面负载ZnFe₂O₄纳米颗粒,构建了一系列S型异质结光催化剂ZnFe₂O₄/WO₃,并研究了其光催化CO₂还原性能。在没有助催化剂和牺牲剂的条件下,所制备的ZnFe₂O₄/WO₃复合材料可对CO₂与水蒸汽进行光催化反应。优化后的材料光照5 h后CO₂还原产物CO和CH₄的产量分别为7.87和4.88 μmol·g^-1。相对于单相组分,CO和CH₄的产量明显提高。光催化活性的提高,归因于ZnFe₂O₄和WO₃异质结的形成以及光生载流子的S型电荷传输模式。     

S型异质结光催化剂ZnFe2O4/WO3的构筑及光催化还原CO2性能

通过在WO₃纳米片表面负载ZnFe₂O₄纳米颗粒,构建了一系列S型异质结光催化剂ZnFe₂O₄/WO₃,并研究了其光催化CO₂还原性能。在没有助催化剂和牺牲剂的条件下,所制备的ZnFe₂O₄/WO₃复合材料可对CO₂与水蒸汽进行光催化反应。优化后的材料光照5 h后CO₂还原产物CO和CH₄的产量分别为7.87和4.88 μmol·g^-1。相对于单相组分,CO和CH₄的产量明显提高。光催化活性的提高,归因于ZnFe₂O₄和WO₃异质结的形成以及光生载流子的S型电荷传输模式。     

Li2ZrO3材料吸收CO2性能的进一步研究

用不同结构的ZrO₂合成了一系列在高温下吸收CO₂的Li₂ZrO₃材料，并详细的研究了反应物质的物理和化学性质对生成物吸收CO₂性能的影响。采用SEM、XRD以及TG分析法分别进行了材料结构及其吸收CO₂性能的表征，并使用XPS法测定了材料表面的元素组成。实验结果表明，使用不同结构的ZrO₂合成的Li₂ZrO₃，其吸收CO₂的性能明显的不同。用ZrO₂(t)(四方)合成的Li₂ZrO₃吸收CO₂的速度快，在500 ℃下，20% CO₂（80%空气）的气氛中保持3h，其吸收量可达25（±0.6）%（wt），而以ZrO₂(m)(单斜)为原料制备的Li₂ZrO₃在上述吸收条件下重量仅增加9（±0.6）%（wt）。此外，实验结果还表明化学元素的掺杂对用ZrO₂(m)合成的Li₂ZrO₃的CO₂吸收速度及吸收容量影响较大。     

g-C3N4/Bi2O2CO32D纳米片复合材料的制备及可见光催化性能研究

采用自组装和化学沉淀法分别制得两种可见光驱动复合材料石墨相氮化碳/碳酸氧铋(g-C_3N_4/Bi_2O_2CO_3).采用X射线衍射光谱(XRD),紫外可见光谱、扫描电镜(SEM)、N_2吸附、电化学阻抗谱(EIS)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等分析手段对制备的催化剂进行了表征.结果表明,制备方法对纳米复合材料的晶相、形态及光学性能没有影响,但是影响g-C_3N_4和Bi_2O_2CO_3之间的相互作用力,导致光生电子-空穴对的分离速率存在显著差异.以可见光驱动苯酚和罗丹明B的降解实验为探针反应检测催化剂的光催化性能.实验结果表明自组装法得到的异质结催化剂中相互作用力更强,催化效果最高.O_2-是罗丹明B降解反应的主要活性物种,染料的光敏化、Bi_2O_2CO_3与g-C_3N_4综合效应,导致光生载流子电荷分离效率更高.     

乙二胺改性轻金属铝-金属有机骨架材料用于CO2/CH4分离

胺类分子在CO₂的捕获中可以起到选择性提升的作用,本文选择小尺寸的乙二胺分子对具有不饱和金属位点的轻金属铝基金属有机骨架（Al-MOFs）材料MIL-100Al进行改性,利用XRD、N₂吸附和FT-IR等对改性材料的结构进行表征,测试了不同浓度的乙二胺改性的MIL-100Al对CO₂和CH₄吸附性能。结果表明,与原始的MIL-100Al材料相比,改性后的材料对CO₂吸附量有明显提高,CH₄的吸附量却降低,从而进一步提高了材料的CO₂/CH₄吸附选择性,提升了吸附分离的效果。     

乙二胺改性轻金属铝-金属有机骨架材料用于CO_2/CH_4分离

胺类分子在CO_2的捕获中可以起到选择性提升的作用,本文选择小尺寸的乙二胺分子对具有不饱和金属位点的轻金属铝基金属有机骨架(Al-MOFs)材料MIL-100Al进行改性,利用XRD、N2吸附和FT-IR等对改性材料的结构进行表征,测试了不同浓度的乙二胺改性的MIL-100Al对CO_2和CH4吸附性能。结果表明,与原始的MIL-100Al材料相比,改性后的材料对CO_2吸附量有明显提高,CH4的吸附量却降低,从而进一步提高了材料的CO_2/CH4吸附选择性,提升了吸附分离的效果。     

Change in mechanistic pathway of hydroboration: A detailed kinetic study of H2BBr·SMe2 and HBBr2·SMe2

Hydroboration reactions of 1-octene and 1-hexyne with H₂BBr·SMe₂ in CH₂Cl₂ were studied as a function of concentration and temperature, using ¹¹B NMR spectroscopy. The reactions exhibited saturation kinetics. The rate of dissociation of dimethyl sulfide from boron at 25 °C was found to be (7.36 ± 0.59 and 7.32 ± 0.90) × 10⁻³ s⁻¹ for 1-octene and 1-hexyne, respectively. The second order rate constants, k₂, for hydroboration worked out to be 7.00 ± 0.81 M s⁻¹ and 7.03 ± 0.70 M s⁻¹, while the overall composite second order rate constants, k K, were (3.30 ± 0.43 and 3.10 ± 0.37) × 10⁻² M s⁻¹, respectively at 25 °C. The entropy and enthalpy values were found to be large and positive for k₁, whilst for k₂ these were large and negative, with small values for enthalpies. This is indicative of a limiting dissociative (D) for the dissociation of Me₂S and associative mechanism (A) for the hydroboration process. The overall activation parameters, ΔH^≠ and ΔS^≠, were found to be 98 ± 2 kJ mol⁻¹ and +56 ± 7 J K⁻¹ mol⁻¹ for 1-octene whilst, in the case of 1-hexyne these were found out to be 117 ± 7 kJ mol⁻¹ and +119 ± 24 J K⁻¹ mol⁻¹, respectively. When comparing the kinetic data between H₂BBr·SMe₂ and HBBr₂·SMe₂, the results showed that the rate of dissociation of Me₂S from H₂BBr·SMe₂ is on average 34 times faster than it is in the case of HBBr₂·SMe₂. Similarly, the rate of hydroboration with H₂BBr·SMe₂ was found to be on average 11 times faster than it is with HBBr₂·SMe₂. It is also clear that by replacing a hydrogen substituent with a bromine atom in the case of H₂BBr·SMe₂ the mechanism for the overall process changes from limiting dissociative (D) to interchange associative (I_a).     

La2(CO3)3纳米线的微乳液法制备与表征

La₂(CO₃)₃ nanowires were prepared in the nonionic surfactant microemulsion(Triton X-100/cyclohexane/water)system. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and selected area electronic diffraction (SAED) were used to characterize the shape and size of the products. The results showed that the pH value and concentration of mother solution, temperature and aging time all could affect the morphology and size of the La₂(CO₃)₃ nanowires. The lengths of the nanowires were more than 10 μm and the diameters were in the range of 30～200 nm.     

偏硼酸锶催化剂光催化还原CO2合成CH4

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备出偏硼酸锶(SrB₂O₄)光催化剂. 紫外光催化还原CO₂合成CH₄(在液相水中)的实验证明: SrB₂O₄催化剂的光催化活性略高于TiO₂(P25). 利用X射线电子衍射谱(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外(FTIR)光谱、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、荧光(PL)光谱和紫外-可见(UV-Vis)漫反射吸收光谱等技术, 研究了SrB₂O₄ 催化剂的晶体结构、形貌和能带结构. 结果表明: SrB₂O₄ 的价带为2.07 V (vs normalhydrogen electrode (NHE)), 低于(H₂O/H⁺)的氧化还原电位E_redox^o (0.82 V (vs NHE)); 而导带为-1.47 V (vsNHE), 高于(CO₂/CH₄)的氧化还原电位E_redox^o (-0.24 V (vs NHE)). 因此, SrB₂O₄催化剂可以有效地光催化还原CO₂生成CH₄. 与TiO₂(P25)相比, SrB₂O₄催化剂具有相对较高导带, 光生电子的还原能力强于TiO₂(P25), 更有利于CH₄的生成, 从而决定了SrB₂O₄催化剂光催化还原CO₂合成CH₄具有较高的光催化活性.