废轮胎热解半焦CO2气化反应动力学

利用热重－差热（TG－DTA）分析仪对废轮胎热解半焦进行气化反应的研究,反应气体为CO2,在20－1100度温度范围内以不同的加热速率（10℃/min,30℃/min,50℃/min对各种热解条件下制得的废轮胎半焦进行气化动力学研究,分析了升温速率,制焦条件等对半焦气化反应特性的影响,得到废轮胎热解半焦与CO2气化反应的动力学参数。建立了废轮胎半焦CO2气化反应一级动力学模型,模型与实验结果吻合良好。     

Hydrogenation of CO2

The hydrogenation of CO₂ has been studied on three different series of catalysts: Fe/MgO, Ni/Ti, Cr/Zn doped with potassium. Reaction was carried out in a conventional flow microreactor system at 15 bar at 250–350°C. Three independent competing reactions: Reverse gas-water shift (RGWS), Fischer-Tropsch (FT) and methanol synthesis were observed.

---

CO₂ : Fe/MgO, Ni/Ti, Cr/Zn . 15 250–350°C. : RGWS, F.T. .

     

O2/CO2气氛下O2浓度对燃煤PM2.5形成的影响

采用管式炉和荷电低压撞击器(electrical low pressure-impactor,ELPI)研究了徐州烟煤在O₂/CO₂条件下燃烧后生成的PM_2.5排放特性。结果表明,在O₂/CO₂气氛下,煤粉在不同O₂浓度燃烧所产生的PM_2.5质量浓度均呈双峰分布,峰值分别在0.1和2.0 mm左右;随着氧含量的增加,PM_2.5的质量浓度增加;S、K和Na在亚微米颗粒上明显富集,而Si和Ca未在亚微米颗粒上富集;通过对颗粒物的粒径分布、元素分析和形貌观察,认为亚微米颗粒主要是矿物质蒸发鄄凝结机制形成的,而超微米颗粒主要是煤焦与外部矿物质的破碎以及内在矿物质聚合形成的。     

Evidence for Ps formation in spurs in high-density gaseous CO2

Measurements of Ps yields in mixtures of CO₂ and Ar with the electron scavengers CCl₄ and CCl₂F₂ are reported. It is shown that the CO₂ mixtures provide direct evidence for Ps formation in spurs in this gas. Further, some support is also given to recent models which consider Ps formation in gases by both Ore and spur processes. The results obtained for the Ar mixtures are consistent with the Ore model of Ps formation.     

Vibrational relaxation of CO2(0001) in pure CO2

The rate constant for collisional deactivation of CO₂(00⁰1) in pure CO₂ has been measured at room temperature using the laser fluorescence technique. The relaxation rate has been found to be (1.0 ± 0.2) × 10^?14 cm³ s^?1 which is in favorable agreement with previously published values.     

Preparation of silane-coated TiO2 nanoparticles in supercritical CO2

Nanometric inorganic pigments are widely used as fillers for hybrid composite materials. However, these nanometric powders are hydrophilic in nature and their surface must be functionalized before use. In this work, titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanoparticles were coated using silane coupling agents with alkyl functionality. A supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO₂) method was used for surface silanization. Five alkylalkoxysilanes with different alkyl chain length and structure were studied: methyltrimethoxy, isobutyltriethoxy, octyltriethoxy, octyldimethylmethoxy and octadecyltrimethoxysilane. The microstructure and thermal stability of deposited monolayers were characterized using thermogravimetric analysis, ATR–IR spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, wettability characterization and low-temperature N₂ adsorption/desorption analysis. The use of scCO₂ as a solvent provided an effective approach to functionalize individual inorganic nanoparticles due to the enhanced diffusivity of the solution molecules in the aggregates interparticle voids. The trifunctional silanes employed here yielded surfaces with better thermal stabilities and greater hydrophobicities than the used monofunctional silane.     

TiO_2纳米带光催化二氧化碳甲烷化

研究了在常温常压下TiO2纳米带光催化CO2催化加氢气反应。在紫外光照射下,二氧化碳的加氢还原产物为甲烷。利用高分辨TEM,XRD,UV-Vis DRS,低温氮吸附-脱附,TG等考察了催化剂与甲烷产率的构效关系。结果表明,在600℃焙烧时得到的双晶材料具有最佳的光催化活性。优异的光催化活性主要得益于TiO2双晶脱水纳米带(DNR Bicrystalline dehydratednanoribbon)。上面形成的纳米晶界能够提高催化剂在紫外区的光吸收能力,TiO2(B)和锐钛矿独特的双晶间隔结构也提高了界面电荷分离的效率。担载贵金属Pt显著地提高了反应速率。     

PLASMA POLYMERIZATION OF ACETYLENE/CO_2/H_2

A study has been made on the plasma polymerization of acetylene/CO_2/H_2 in a capacitively coupled RF plasma. The monomer mixture yielded a crosslinked film with light brown color. A kinetic study is reported for the plasma polymer ization of acetylene/CO_2/H_2. The effects of discharge power level and reactor geometry on the rate of polymer formation are reported. The structure of the plasma polymer is investigated by IR study.     

Metastable anions of CO2

Long-lived metastable negative ions of CO₂ have been observed in the gas phase as direct products of electron and cesium collisions with organic molecules which contain “bent” CO₂ as a basic unit. The long autodetachment life-times are attributed to two related factors - first, the potential energy curve of CO⁻₂(²A₁) lies below that of CO₂(¹A₁) at 134°, and, second, an unfavorable Franck-Condon overlap exists between the bent ion (134°) and the linear neutral parent.     

CO2在纳米SiO2/TiO2悬浮体系中的光催化还原

用水热法合成了氧化硅改性的具有高比表面积、高催化活性的锐钛型二氧化钛, 并在其悬浮体系中将CO₂光催化还原合成甲醇. 采用XRD, TEM, 物理吸附, UV-Vis吸收光谱和FTIR等表征手段对催化剂结构特征进行了研究. 结果表明: 添加氧化硅后, 氧化硅和二氧化钛之间形成Si—O—Ti键, 抑制了TiO₂晶粒生长, 提高了锐钛型TiO₂的比表面积, 且随着含硅量的增加, SiO₂/TiO₂的UV吸收逐步蓝移, 禁带宽度增加. 还原反应结果表明: SiO₂/TiO₂具有光催化还原活性, 且随着含硅量的增加先增加后减小, 当SiO₂质量分数为3.5%时, SiO₂/TiO₂复合催化剂反应活性最强, 5 h内甲醇产量可达到21.0 mg/L, 并有少量甲醛生成.     

CO2的光电催化还原

CO2为温室气体的主要成分,同时也是潜在的碳能源。本文主要介绍了近年来利用光催化、电催化以及光电催化3种不同催化方法还原CO2的研究现状。文章综述了催化剂材料和催化反应体系对CO2还原效果的影响。从催化效率,光、电转化效率,选择性和能耗等不同角度进行了比较和评价。细致地讨论分析了各种催化还原方法的反应机理,并对催化还原CO2研究的发展方向和应用前景进行了展望。     

Hydrocondensation of CO2: Reaction of CO2(CO)/H2 on CuO/ZnO contact masses

The hydrocondensation of CO₂ and CO with and without added MeOH, HCHO and (CH₃)₂CHOH has been studied on CuO/ZnO contact masses in a static reactor at different pressures and reaction times.

---

CO₂ CO MeOH, HCHO (CH₃)₂CHOH CuO/ZnO .

     

流化床O2/CO2气氛下添加石灰石对燃煤PM2.5的控制

采用小型流化床研究了在O₂/CO₂气氛下添加石灰石对PM_2.5(空气动力学直径小于2.5 μm的颗粒物)的控制.实验采用荷电低压撞击器(ELPI)采集和分析燃烧后的PM_2.5.结果表明,添加石灰石是燃烧过程中影响PM_2.5生成的重要因素.添加石灰石后,生成PM_1.0的数量浓度均降低,而PM_1.0~2.5的数量浓度均略有增加;PM_2.5质量粒径分布均呈双峰分布,峰值分别出现在0.2和2.0 μm左右.随着Ca/S物质的量比的增加,PM_2.5中Si、Na、K、S和Cu的含量呈减少的趋势;随着颗粒粒径的减小,S、Cu、K和Na的含量有增大的趋势,而Si的含量有减少的趋势.     

Intermolecular forces for D2, N2, O2, F2 and CO2

The intermolecular potentials for D₂, N₂, O₂, F₂ and CO₂ are determined on the basis of the second virial coeffincients, the polarizabilities parallel and perpendicular to the molecular axes, and the electric quadrupole moment. The repulsive parts of the potentials are taken from the corresponding Kihara core-potentials. Effects of the octopolar induction are taken into consideration in a unique way. The potential depends on relative orientations of the two molecules as well as the distance r between the molecular centers. This dependence is shown in graphs. A measure of the anisotropy of the potential depth is 0.72 for CO₂ 0.36 for D₂, and smaller than 0.27 for N₂ O₂ and F₂. The remarkable anisotropy for CO₂ and D₂ is due to strong electrostatic quadrupole interactions.     

Ultrasound-induced formation of polymer capsules by precipitation with compressed CO2

A novel route to synthesize polymer hollow capsules was proposed by combination of CO₂ antisolvent (poor solvent) and ultrasound techniques. In this method, a polymer in solution was precipitated by dissolving compressed CO₂ antisolvent into the polymer solution, during which the ultrasonic irradiation was introduced. The hollow nanospheres and nanotubes of polystyrene (PS) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) have been successfully prepared. This method has some potential advantages for applications, such as simple, rapid, without the use of template, and the solution can be easily recycled.     

Low-pressure collisional narrowing in CO2

We report the observation of collisional narrowing of the Q branch of the Raman spectrum for the (000) → (100) transition in CO₂ at very low pressures. The minimum linewidth is reached at ≈250 Torr. An estimate for the difference in rotational constants of the (100) state and the ground state is obtained. The narrowing of the linewidth and the changes in line-shape are interpreted in terms of velocity changing collisions and rotationally inelastic collisions between the CO₂ molecules.     

CO2 anion-radical in organic carboxylations

This letter shows a first approximation to the use of CO₂ anion-radical in the obtention of α-methyl and α-ethylcyanoacetic acids from propionitrile and butyronitrile, respectively, through a paired electrochemical reaction with CO₂. The electrosynthesis of α-chloro-phenylacetic acid from benzyl chloride and phenylacetic acid from toluene by another proposed pathway is also discussed.     

Effect of CO2 on O2 photo-adsorption on anatase

The presence of CO₂ on TiO₂ affects the process of oxygen photo-adsorption depending on the hydroxylation state of the surface. In dehydroxylated samples CO₂ blocks the formation of O ₃ ^– and O ₂ ^– . On H₂O₂/TiO₂ samples pretreated in the range of 150–200°C it leads to CO₂–O ₂ ^– species.

---

, Cu(II). . .

     

CO2在Na2Cr2O7溶液中的平衡溶解度模型

为研究重铬酸钠(Na₂Cr₂O₇)对CO₂溶解的影响, 本文在带有搅拌的气液相高压平衡釜内, 采用静态法测定了温度在313.2-333.2 K, 压力在0.1-1.9 MPa 范围内, 重铬酸钠浓度分别为0、0.361、0.650、0.901 mol·kg^-1 时, CO₂ 在Na₂Cr₂O₇溶液中的溶解度. 结果表明: (1) Na₂Cr₂O₇对CO₂ 的溶解有盐析效应; (2) CO₂ 在Na₂Cr₂O₇溶液中的溶解符合亨利定律, 并且CO₂溶解度是温度和Na₂Cr₂O₇浓度的函数, 且用改进的Setschenow方程和Peng-Robinson-Pitzer (PR-Pitzer)方程拟合了在此温度、压力及重铬酸钠浓度范围内的实验数据, 拟合效果较好, 并且其平均相对误差分别为4.24%和3.32%.