论化学科学经验的传递机制——兼论化学课堂教学的最基本功能

从哲学本体论视角论述了化学科学经验传递机制,认为化学科学经验的课程化、教师化和学生化是化学科学经验传递的3个阶段,化学科学经验的学生化是化学课堂教学的最基本功能.     

转变教育观念,构建面向21世纪的高师化学课程体系

１９９５年秋,华东师大化学系作为学校教学改革试点系之一,立项进行整体教学改革的研究。基于化学学科传统的四大分支（无机化学、有机化学、分析化学和物理化学）迄今已有近百年的历史,化学各分支学科的发展,相互交叉、渗透和综合,使四大块化学界限渐趋模糊;化学已不再是传统意义上的实验科学,现代化学的特点及其前沿趋势深刻地反映了化学正由经验科学向理论科学过渡;化学作为中心科学的作用,正不断地向环境科学、生命科学、材料科学、能源科学等领域渗透,并逐渐成为它们的基础。在新知识、新技术、新概念、新思想的冲击下,化…     

化学课外活动的新尝试

一、指导思想根据目前实际情况和课程理论,我认为应当把化学课外活动作为经验课程对待,使其组织与活动内容充分体现经验课程的主题性、选修性、综合性、实践性、趣味性和实用性。同时加强科学、技术、社会教育,制定切实可行的目标,科学管理化学课外活动,从而提高化学课外活动的。     

近代化学传入我国的时期问题

在近代的科学的化学形成之前,人类对于物质变化的认识和利用,仅仅处在哲学性的猜想和经验性的实践阶段。那样的很长期的阶段,我们在讲化学发展史的时候,不妨姑且统名之为经验化学时期。就化学知识来说,当人们还是处在经验化学的时期,我们中国在化学工艺的成就上,在认识物质的哲学理论上,以及在炼丹术的起源之早这几方面,大体上都可以说,超过了同时代的欧洲。只有到了近代,欧洲社会较早地脱离了封建主义,进入了资本主义社会,这就快速地推动了自然科学的发展。作为自然科学中的一个重要部门的化学,也就适应了欧洲社会的要求,由经验性的水平提高到系统化的科学水平。达到系统化的科学水平的化学知识,被称为近代化学。不必讳言,我国现有的近代化学知识是从欧洲传来的。国家之间的文化交流本来在历史上是常见     

风雨磨砺三十载 与时俱进谱华章

1980 年,正值百废待兴、百业待举,为了提高化学教学质量和科学水平,亟需把广大化学工作者的意见和经验集中起来,互相交流借鉴,展开热烈讨论,一本16 开48 页的双月刊《化学教育》应时延生了。     

伍德沃德：仪器助力化学从经验到规则的变革

通过对伍德沃德科学思想和方法的考察，分析他将物理仪器引入有机化学的思想和过程，提出仪器的引入不仅带来了化学学科在研究方法上的改变，还给化学研究带来了新的思维方式，助力化学从经验研究转为基于规则的推理。     

欢迎投稿 欢迎订阅

《大学化学》是由教育部主管、高等学校化学教育研究中心和中国化学会共同主办的教育研究性学术刊物。本刊以深化大学化学教育改革为宗旨,主要介绍化学科学的新发展,开展与教学有关的重大课题的研讨,交流教学改革经验,报导化学及其相关学科的新知识、新动向,促     

书讯

高秀岭老师编著的《趣味化学》一书,是作者集30多年化学教育教学之经验,整合汇编成册。现已由团结出版社出版。全书共分5个部分:创新趣谈;名家趣事;高新科技;增趣实验;益趣竞猜。该书对于广大化学或科学教师实施新课程,拓展教学资源具有重要的参考价值。也是中小学生训练科学思     

欢迎投稿 欢迎订阅

《大学化学》是由教育部主管、高等学校化学教育研究中心和中国化学会共同主办的教育研究性学术刊物。本刊以深化大学化学教育改革为宗旨,主要介绍化学科学的新发展,开展与教学有关的重大课题的研讨,交流教学改革经验,报导化学及其相关学科的新知识、新动向,促     

以举办化学实验竞赛为契机,推动化学实验教学发展

第10届大学生化学实验竞赛在北京化工大学成功举行,大学生化学实验竞赛能检验学生掌握化学实验技能和操作水平的情况,促进学生更好地了解和掌握实验仪器,锻炼学生的动手能力和创新意识,培养学生严谨科学的态度。通过"北京市大学生化学实验竞赛"这个平台,高校之间更好地交流了化学实验教学的经验,并以此为契机促进化学实验教学的改革,提高化学实验教学水平。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.