The hypotensive effect and antifungal activity of 3,3'-dihydroxy-alpha,beta-diethyldiphenylethane

3,3'-Dihydroxy-alpha,beta-diethyldiphenylethane (I), an isomer of hexestrol (II), was found to have a strong hypotensive effect on rats and antifungal activity against some pathogenic fungi. The hypotensive effect of I (-100.0 +/- 21.0 mmHg, 10 mg/kg, i.v.) was stronger than that of II (-40.0 +/- 2.60 mmHg, i.v.). Unlike II and other oxystilbene-related compounds already tested, I showed prolonged hypotensive action at the dose of 10 mg/kg, and the blood pressure was not restored to the original level within 20 min. I also showed antifungal activity against all fungi tested (minimal inhibitory concentration: 10-120 micrograms/ml). It should be emphasized that by shifting the phenolic hydroxyl group to m-position, the biological activities were greatly increased.     

Calorimetric and computational thermochemical study of 3,3-tetramethyleneglutaric acid, 3,3-tetramethyleneglutaric anhydride, and 3,3-tetramethyleneglutarimide

The standard (p(o) = 0.1 MPa) molar energies of combustion in oxygen, at T = 298.15 K, of solid 3,3-tetramethyleneglutaric acid and the related 3,3-tetramethyleneglutaric anhydride and 3,3-tetramethyleneglutarimide were measured by static bomb combustion calorimetry. The values of the standard molar enthalpies of sublimation, at T = 298.15 K, were obtained by Calvet microcalorimetry, allowing the calculation of the standard molar enthalpies of formation of the compounds, in the gaseous state, at T = 298.15 K. The geometries of the experimentally studied compounds were fully optimized using density functional theory with the B3LYP functional and extended basis sets. More accurate energies were also obtained from single-point calculations at the most stable B3LYP/6-311G** geometries, using the cc-pVTZ basis set. From these calculations the standard molar enthalpies of formation of 3,3-tetramethyleneglutaric acid, 3,3-tetramethyleneglutaric anhydride, and 3,3-tetramethyleneglutarimide were estimated using isodesmic reactions involving glutaric acid, glutaric anhydride, and glutarimide, respectively. Experimental and computational results were used in the discussion of the interrelation of energetics and structure in these compounds and compared with other structurally related compounds.     

Synthesis of 3,3-dinitroazetidine from 1-t-butyl-3,3-dinitroazetidine

Treatment of 1-t-butyl-3,3-dinitroazetidine (1) with benzyl chloroformate resulted in a novel elimination of isobutylene to yield equimolar amounts of 1-(benzyloxycarbonyl)-3,3-dinitroazetidine (3) and 1-t-butyl-3,3-dinitroazetidine hydrochloride. The carbamate 3 was effectively cleaved by trifluoromethanesulfonic acid to yield 3,3-dinitroazetidinium trifluoromethanesulfonate (4) . Free 3,3-dinitroazetidine (5) has also been isolated.     

Features of the Crystal Structure of the Polyimide Derived from 3,3'-Diaminobenzophenone and 3,3',4,4'-Benzophenonetetracarboxylic Dianhydride

Changes occurring in the structural organization of the thermoplastic polyimide derived from 3,3'-diaminobenzophenone and 3,3',4,4'-benzophenonetetracarboxylic dianhydride on heat treatment at temperatures in the range 250-350°C were studied, and the influence of these changes on the rheological behavior of the polymer was examined.     

Fullerene-Modified Polyimide Derived from 3,3',4',-Benzophenonetetracarboxylic Acid and 3,3'-Diaminobenzophenone for Casted Items and Its Use in Tribology

The possibility was examined of processing into a casted item (molding) of the crystallizing thermoplastic polyimide derived from 3,3'-diaminobenzophenone and 3,3',4,4'-benzophenonetetracarboxylic dianhydride and of composites of this polyimide with fullerenes. The tribological characteristics of the moldings were studied.     

Hydrogen-bonded Supramolecular Hydrogels Derived from 3,3',4,4'-Benzophenonetetracarboxylic Acid and Hydroxylpyridines

In this paper, four gelators (defined as G1 – G4 ) were prepared from 3,3′,4,4′‐benzophenonetetracarboxylic acid (BPTA) and para‐hydroxylpyridine or meta‐hydroxylpyridine at molar ratios 1:2 and 1:4 respectively, and characterized by ¹H NMR, IR, UV‐Vis spectra and elemental analysis. Due to the amphiphilic features, all the gelators were able to gel water via cooling their aqueous solution under different stimulations. The structure of the assembling fibers and the macroscopic properties of the gels were investigated by multiple techniques. The results indicated that the minimum gelator concentration (MGC) increased by the order of G1 , G2 , G3 and G4 , while the gel‐to‐sol dissociation temperature (T_gel) decreased by the same order, which were explained from the assembling structures of the gels.     

Effects of 3,3'-dihydroxy-alpha,beta-diethylstilbene and 3,3',4,5'-tetrahydroxystilbene on microtubule assembly in vitro, aneuploidy induction, and cellular microtubule and actin networks.

We examined the inhibitory activities of 3,3'-dihydroxy-alpha,beta-diethylstilbene (DDS) and 3,3',4,5'-tetrahydroxystilbene (THS) on microtubule assembly in vitro and their effects on chromosome number and cellular microtubule networks in Chinese hamster V79 cells. DDS showed half the inhibitory activity of diethylstilbestrol (DES) on microtubule assembly in vitro, while THS had none of the inhibitory activity. DDS induced tetraploid at 30 microM, whereas THS was found to be inactive. Furthermore, DDS disturbed cellular microtubule networks at 100 microM. We also examined the effects of DES, DDS and THS on cellular actin networks in mouse BALB 3T3 cells. DES induced a change of actin stress fiber distribution and THS had similar activity, while DDS showed no activity.     

Analytical properties of the amidooxime group. V. Thermometric study of 3,3′-oxy-, 3,3′-thio- and 3,3′-iminodipropioamidooxime

The thermometric behaviour of three amidooximes (3,3′-oxy-, 3,3′-thio- and 3,3′-iminodipropioamidooxime) is studied in order to evaluate the errors in their thermometric titration with HCl and the corresponding neutralization enthalpies from the analysis of the enthalpograms. The dissociation parameters (ΔG_i, ΔH_i and ΔS_i) of the three compounds at 25°C are evaluated from the pK_a values and neutralization enthalpies.     

Preparation of 1H,2H- and 1H-cyclopropene-3,3-dicarboxylic acid esters and 1H,2H-cyclopropene-3,3-dicarboxylic acid from the corresponding trimethylsilyl derivatives

Conclusion The feasibility was shown for use of the silyl protection method for the synthesis of 1H- or 2H-cyclopropene-3,3-dicarboxylic acids and their esters. The preparation of 1H,2H-cyclopropene-3,3-dicarboxylic acid and its dimethyl ester by this method was demonstrated for the first time.For the previous communication, see [1].Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 12, pp. 2803–2805, December, 1986.     

Effect of La on heat production by mitochondria isolated from hybrid rice

The effect of lanthanum on mitochondria isolated from hybrid rice Fengyou 559 (Oryza sativa L.) was investigated. Through in vivo culture, low-dose La³⁺ promoted, but higher dose La³⁺, restrained mitochondrial heat production. However, through in vitro incubation, La³⁺ manifested only inhibitory action on mitochondrial energy turnover, the concentration required for 50% and 100% inhibition being 50.9 and 230.2 μM (57.6 nmol/mg protein), respectively. In addition, La³⁺, like Ca²⁺, induced rice mitochondrial swelling and decreased membrane potential (Δψ), which was inhibited by the specific permeability transition inhibitor cyclosporine A (CsA). The induction approached a constant limitation while mitochondrial metabolism was completely prevented by La³⁺, and microscopy observation showed a high disruption of inner mitochondrial membrane in this state. These results demonstrated that lanthanum influenced rice mitochondria in vivo and in vitro via different action pathways, and the latter involved the opening of rice mitochondrial permeability.     

A preparation of 3,3-difluoropyruvate from trifluoroacetic anhydride

Difluoropyruvate was prepared from trifluoroacetic anhydride via 3 steps (Friedel-Crafts type addition, reductive defluorination, and ozonolysis) in 30% yield.     

Inhibitory effects of 3,3',4,5'-tetrahydroxystilbene and 3,3',4,5'-tetrahydroxybibenzyl, the constituents of Cassia garrettiana on antigen-induced histamine release in vitro.

3,3',4,5'-Tetrahydroxystilbene (I) and 3,3',4,5'-tetrahydroxybibenzyl (II), isolated from the heartwood of Cassia garrettiana Craib (Leguminosae), showed inhibitory effects on antigen-induced histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells in vitro. The inhibitory effect of I (IC50 = 30.2 microM) was much stronger than that of II (greater than 100 microM). Compound II, as well as I (IC50 = 7.3 microM) reported previously, also inhibited the histamine release from human peripheral basophils induced by anti-immunoglobulin E (IgE) in vitro, and its IC50-value was 68.0 microM. These results suggest that the trans-olefin structure in the molecule may be necessary for I to have an inhibitory effect on histamine release. Considering that disodium cromoglycate did not show any significant inhibitory effect on anti-IgE-induced histamine release from human basophils, the strong inhibitory effects of I in both tests are of considerable interest.     

The synthesis,characterization, and weathering behavior of polycarbonates derived from 3,3′-dihydroxydiphenyl ether

Previous studies of the photodegradation of bisphenol A polycarbonate (BPA PC) indicate that both alkyl side chain and ring oxidation play significant roles. In order to determine the relative importance of these two pathways in the photoyellowing that accompanies photodegradation, side chain free polycarbonates based on 3,3′-dihydroxydiphenyl ether were synthesized and tested. Both accelerated weathering experiments using a QUV test apparatus and outdoor weathering indicated that these polymers photoyellowed faster than BPA PC. This suggests that ring oxidation is an important source of photoyellowing of aromatic polycarbonates.