Highly active and stable immobilized aluminium chloride catalyst for alkylation of benzene with 1-dodecene

Summary An AlCl₃ catalyst immobilized on<span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;mso-ansi-language:EN-US'>g-Al₂O₃with meso- and macro-pore bimodal structure was prepared and studied in the alkylation of benzene with 1-dodecene in a suspension bed reactor. The catalyst exhibited high activity, selectivity and stability during 1000 h running, with a 1-dodecene conversion of more than 95%, monoalkylbenzene selectivity of 92%, and 2-phenyldodecane (2-Ph) selectivity of nearly 42%.</o:p>     

SO42-/ZrO2-TiO2催化苯与1-十二烯烷基化合成十二烷基苯

利用沉淀-浸渍法制备了SO42-/ZrO2-TiO2固体酸催化剂,优化了SO42-/ZrO2-TiO2催化苯与1-十二烯烷基化合成十二烷基苯的工艺条件,并通过IR及GC/MS对产物的结构进行了表征.结果表明: SO42-/ZrO2-TiO2对苯与1-十二烯的烷基化反应具有良好的催化性能,其催化中心主要为B酸中心.0.12g催化剂/ mL1-十二烯、n(苯)/n(烯)=6:1、反应时间3 h等优化条件下1-十二烯转化率100%,LAB与2-LAB选择性分别达到90.3%和88.6%.使用后的催化剂可以通过H2SO4浸渍500 ℃焙烧再生.GC/MS分析表明产物主要包括2～6-LAB及少量二烷基苯.     

Differences between Zn/HZSM-5 and Zn/HZSM-11 zeolite catalysts in alkylation of benzene with dimethyl ether

HZSM-11 zeolite supported Zn catalysts with different Zn contents （xZn/HZSM-11A） were prepared. In the alkylation of benzene with dimethyl ether （DME） in a fixed bed reactor, the catalyst with Zn content of 6 wt% （6Zn/HZSM-11A） showed appropriate performance. Focus was put on the comparison between 6Zn/HZSM-5 and 6Zn/HZSM-11 with the same crystal size of 600-800 nm, and also with the similar BET surface area, micropore volume, Si/Al2 molar ratio, and acidity. In the alkylation of benzene with DME, the 6Zn/HZSM-11 showed better activity and stability, and especially enhanced the conversion of benzene and selectivities to xylene and trimethylbenzene, compared with the 6Zn/HZSM-5. This was mainly related to the higher adsorption capacity and adsorption-desorption rates to the three adsorbates （benzene, m-xylene and 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene） over the 6Zn/HZSM-11 in comparison with the 6Zn/HZSM-5.     

Alkylation of benzene with 1-hexene in acidic ionic liquid systems: Et3NHCl-FeCl3and Et3NHCl-AlCl3ionic liquids

Summary The alkylation of benzene with 1-hexene has been investigated in different triethylamine hydrochloride-ferric chloride (Et₃NHCl-FeCl₃) and triethylamine hydrochloride-aluminium chloride (Et₃NHCl-AlCl₃) ionic liquids. Both high catalyst activity and monoalkylation selectivity were observed for these two type of ionic liquids. Systems prepared by modification with HCl in Et₃NHCl-FeCl₃ionic liquids prove to be very suitable solvents and catalysts for the reaction. When employing Et₃NHCl-AlCl₃ionic liquids as catalysts, the reaction takes place in biphasic mode with facile catalyst separation and catalyst recycling.     

Effect of zeolite pore morphology on solvent-less alkylation of benzene with 1-hexene

In an attempt to convert the carcinogenic benzene which is almost restricted for its use in gasoline, alkylation reaction with olefin 1-hexene has been conducted on various zeolites. Four zeolites having different pore topology and pore size have been applied as solid acid catalysts for effective production of alkylate in a liquid phase, solvent-less low temperature reaction. The textural properties of all the four zeolites (ZSM-5, MOR, BEA, HY) have been characterized for crystal morphology by TEM, crystal structure by XRD and FTIR, BET for surface area, N₂ sorption for porosity and TPD for acidity. Among the zeolite, BEA possessed high surface area (600.61 m²/g) and enhanced meso pores volume (0.3956 cm³/g) as compared to other zeolite samples. The performance of BEA was also observed to be superior in the liquid phase alkylation of benzene with 1-hexene in a batch reactor under autogenous pressure without using any solvent. At the optimum reaction conditions, the benzene conversion was 86.6 wt% and 3-Phenylhexane, 2-Phenylhexane yield were about 47.9 wt% and 38.7 wt% respectively on this catalyst. The BEA also exhibited longer time-on-stream and reusability performance, thus offers an attractive route for converting benzene into valuable (3-Phenylhexane, 2-Phenylhexane) alkylate product useful for the manufacturing of fine chemicals, dyestuff, detergents and scents.     

Alkylation of benzene with 1-octene over titania pillared montmorillonite

Linear alkylbenzene sulfonic acid, the largest-volume synthetic surfactant, in addition to its excellent performance, is important due to its biodegradable environmental friendliness, as it has a straight chain and is prepared by the sulphonation of linear alkylbenzenes (LAB). To ensure environmental protection, the commercial benzene alkylation catalysts HF or AlCl₃ are replaced and we have developed a clean LAB production process using a pillared clay catalyst capable of not only replacing the conventional homogeneous catalysts, but also having high selectivity for the best biodegradable 2-phenyl LAB isomer. Pillared clay catalysts having high Br?nsted acidity show efficient conversion in gas phase alkylation of benzene with 1-octene with a good 2-phenyl octane selectivity.     

不同条件下苯与丙烯烷基化反应的催化剂失活研究

对不同条件下苯与丙烯烷基化反应Hβ催化剂的寿命、失活催化剂的积炭量和积炭性质进行了研究。在5.7MPa下,随反应温度变化,反应介质在反应过程中所经历的相态变化不同,导致催化剂的寿命、失活催化剂的积炭量和积炭的性质也存在着较大差异。300℃时,反应介质处于接近于体系临界点的超临界相或高压液相状态,催化剂寿命最长,积炭量大。失活催化剂积炭的元素分析及TPO-MS表征结果发现,积炭的碳氢比与反应温度有关,温度越高,碳氢比越高;而积炭的脱炭温度与反应时间（催化剂寿命）相关,催化剂寿命越长,相应的脱炭温度也越高。     

Unprecedented alkylation of silicon enolates with alcohols via carbenium ion formations catalyzed by tin hydroxide-embedded montmorillonite

The solid acid, tin hydroxide-embedded montmorillonite, catalyzes the unprecedented alkylation of various silicon enolates with primary, secondary and tertiary benzylic alcohols as well as secondary allylic alcohols. The acid catalysis of Sn-Mont was not only higher than that of the other ion-exchanged montmorillonites (M-Mont; M = H, Ti, Fe and Al), but also higher than that of the typical homogeneous acid catalysts such as BF₃·OEt₂, TMSOTf and TfOH.     

Adsorption of Cu(II) in aqueous solution by sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate-modified montmorillonite

The pristine montmorillonite (P-Mt) was modified with sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) to form SDBS montmorillonite (SDBS-Mt) for the purpose of enhancing the removal performance of Cu(II) from aqueous solution. The materials were characterized by means of XRD, SEM-EDS, BET, and FTIR to analyze the surface morphology and structure. SDBS-Mt displayed a higher adsorption capacity than P-Mt. The adsorption kinetic model and the adsorption isotherm model are depicted by the pseudo-second-order kinetic equation and the Langmuir equation, respectively. The adsorption of Cu(II) on SDBS-Mt is a spontaneous and endothermic process. The order of influence of coexisting cations on the adsorption of Cu(II) is Ni(II) > Co(II) > Zn(II). In addition, the adsorbent has great regeneration performance after five cycles of regeneration. The main mechanisms of Cu(II) adsorption by SDBS-Mt may include electrostatic attraction, ion exchange, and complexation of sulfonate groups. In brief, SDBS-Mt may be a promising, simple, and low-cost adsorbent for the treatment of Cu(II) in aqueoussolutions.     

Friedel-Crafts alkylation of benzene with α,β-unsaturated amides

A variety of α,β-unsaturated amides (RHCCH₂CONR′₂, R=H, Me, Ar; R′=H or Et) readily condense with benzene at room temperature in the presence of an excess of aluminum chloride to give the corresponding 3-phenylpropionamides in excellent yields. This simple, one-pot procedure proved to be efficient and very clean. The mechanism of these and related reactions is discussed and the participation of superelectrophilic dicationic intermediates is suggested.     

A BINOL-terpyridine-based multi-task catalyst for a sequential oxidation and asymmetric alkylation of alcohols

Treatment of a BINOL-terpyridine compound with RuCl₃ generates a Ru(II) complex (R)-6. This complex is found to be a novel multi-task catalyst capable of conducting a sequential oxidation and asymmetric alkyl addition to convert primary alcohols to chiral secondary alcohols. The terpyridine-Ru(II) site of (R)-6 catalyzes an efficient oxidation of primary alcohols to aldehydes which then undergo an enantioselective alkylation to generate chiral secondary alcohols when the BINOL site of (R)-6 is combined with ZnEt₂ and Ti(OⁱPr)₄.     

Ni2P/TiO2的制备及其对苯加氢反应的催化性能

采用程序升温还原方法制备了TiO2负载的晶态Ni2P催化剂。用X射线衍射（XRD）及低温N2吸附（BET）等技术对样品的物相、比表面积等性质进行了表征。以苯气相加氢为模型反应考察了Ni2P/TiO2催化剂加氢性能,并对Ni2P负载量、前驱体中P的质量分数对催化剂的物相及性能的影响进行了研究。实验结果表明, TiO2负载的晶态磷化镍催化剂上,Ni2P是主要物相。Ni2P/TiO2催化剂对苯加氢反应具有较高的活性、选择性以及良好的稳定性能。Ni2P/TiO2制备对催化剂的性能有影响。Ni2P负载量增加,催化剂的活性先升高后降低,Ni2P负载量为12%时催化剂活性较高。催化剂前驱体中P的质量分数越高,制备出的催化剂对苯加氢反应的稳定性越好,但随前驱体中P的质量分数增加,催化反应的活性先升高,后降低。与Ni2P/SiO2比较,Ni2P/TiO2催化剂具有较高的活性和稳定性。     

Regioselective alkylation reactions of 2,4-diphenyl-3H-1-benzazepine give either 3-alkyl-3H-1-benzazepines or 1-alkyl-1H-1-benzazepines

2,4-Diphenyl-3H-1-benzazepine is deprotonated with either LDA or KHMDS. The resulting anion is alkylated with alkyl halides or MeOTs, giving either products of alkylation at C3, or at N, or a mixture of both. The regioselectivity depends on the base, presence of the complexing agent HMPA, and the leaving group of the alkylating agent. Using MeI as alkylating agent gives exclusively the C3-methylated product, while using MeOTs gives exclusively the N-methylated product. The N-alkylated products show evidence of stereodynamic behavior in their NMR spectra.     

磷改性MCM-22分子筛上苯与 1-十二烯烷基化合成十二烷基苯

采用浸渍法制备了一系列用于苯和 1-十二烯烷基化合成十二烷基苯的磷改性MCM-22分子筛,以X射线衍射(XRD)和固体 27Al、31P 核磁共振, N2吸附,氨程序升温脱附(NH3-TPD), 热重(TG)和红外光谱(FT-IR)等表征技术,结合固定床连续流动反应器中的性能评价,较为系统地研究了磷改性对MCM-22分子筛的结构、表面酸性及其烷基化催化性能的影响. 结果表明,用磷改性MCM-22分子筛虽然不会影响分子筛的晶体结构,但是会破坏分子筛上的 Si - O - Al 键,使部分四配位铝转化为六配位铝. 由于聚合态的磷酸盐可能与Al发生键合,多聚态磷酸盐数量随着磷含量的增加而增多,从而改变了分子筛的孔道大小和酸性,使得强酸减少,弱酸增多,酸强度降低,总酸量和B酸中心数随着磷含量的增加呈现先增后减的规律, L酸减少. 适当的磷含量有利于提高MCM-22分子筛对苯与 1-十二烯烷基化反应的催化选择性和稳定性,改性磷含量为0 5%左右时产物 2-十二烷基苯收率最高.     

酸化铝锌复合交联蒙脱土催化合成缩酮和缩醛

缩酮(醛)是一类有天然花香、果香或特殊香味的香料,也常用于有机合成的羰基保护或作为反应中间体[1].其工业合成一般是在无机质子酸的催化下进行[2],这类催化剂存在副反应多、产品纯度不高、设备腐蚀严重、后处理中含有大量酸性废水及造成环境污染等缺点.     

纳米级MCM-49分子筛催化苯与1-十二烯烷基化反应的性能

 在低碱度下合成了纳米级MCM-49分子筛,采用XRD,TEM,NH3-TPD,吸附吡啶的红外光谱和异丙苯裂解等技术对分子筛进行了表征. 催化剂评价结果表明,纳米级MCM-49分子筛在30~160 ℃下对苯与1-十二烯的烷基化反应具有良好的催化性能,烯烃的转化率高于99.6%,直链烷基苯的选择性大于97%,2-和3-位直链烷基苯的选择性大于67.5%. 常规的微米级MCM-49分子筛在低温下的催化活性低于纳米级MCM-49分子筛. ZSM-5,M型分子筛和MCM-41分子筛催化烷基化反应的活性较低,Y型分子筛虽具有较高的催化活性,但生成2-和3-位直链烷基苯的选择性明显低于MCM-49. MCM-49的骨架结构与MCM-22相似,晶体外表面上含有大量的12元环孔穴,该结构有利于烷基化反应的进行.     

苯选择加氢制环己烯Ru-Co-B/ZrO2催化剂的研究

对苯选择加氢制环己烯催化剂的研究,关键是选择性,这方面已经有不少文献报道[1,2],但具有工业应用价值的甚少。此外,载体也是影响环己烯选择性的一个重要因素。本文用化学还原法制备了Ru Co B/ZrO2催化剂,研究了助剂Co和载体ZrO2含量及还原剂对苯选择加氢制环己烯催化性能的影响。1　实验部分1 1　催化剂制备分别用KBH4和甲醛作还原剂,采用化学还原法制备出Ru Co B/ZrO2和Ru Co/ZrO2催化剂。其中RuCl3·xH2O和过渡金属Co盐分别作为活性组分和助剂的前体,纳米级ZrO2作分散剂,所得催化剂为黑色固体粉末。1 2　催化剂性能测试F…     

Three-component synthesis of polysubstituted benzene derivatives via Diels-Alder reaction of cyclopentadienone acetal with alkyne

An efficient and regioselective synthesis of polysubstituted benzene derivatives was achieved via multicomponent reaction of a substituted cyclopropenone acetal and two alkyne molecules. The synthesis utilizes cyclopentadienone acetal as an intermediate and enables regioselective [2+2+2] assembly of the three-components into a benzene ring. A variety of polysubstituted benzene derivatives of synthetic and structural interest have been synthesized.     

The miracle role of lattice imperfections in benzene alkylation with methanol over mordenite

Mordenite (MOR) has demonstrated potential as a catalyst for alkylation due to high variability, intrinsic porosity, and outstanding stability. However, the contact probability of benzene and methanol has been limited by typical layered structures of MOR and there is no connection between layers. Here, we report the preparedness of H-MOR via a sequential post-treatment method based on a commercial MOR. H-MOR sample had appeared lattice imperfections inferred from characterization means. The samples were tested with benezene methylation reaction. Results show that the high conversion of benzene and the high selectivity of toluene were obtained from the miracle role of lattice imperfections in the H-MOR sample. Sequentially, based on the study of all catalyst structure and physical properties, a plausible reaction mechanism for the selectivity of the desired toluene was proposed.