Analysis of diffuse reflection and absorption spectra of ZnO in the near-IR region

It is established that the absorption of ZnO in the near-IR region of the spectrum is determined by free electrons and chemisorbed gases. The free-electron absorption spectrum is approximated by a power function with an exponent which varies within the range 2–3, depending on the defectiveness of the specimen. Chemisorbed gases yield absorption bands at 1.37; 1.18; 1.08–1.03; 0.95–0.93; 0.85; 0.75–0.73; and 0.65–0.63 eV. The bands at 1.18 and 0.85 eV are due to chemisorbed oxygen in the states O^– and O₂ ^–, while the other bands can be attributed mainly to atomic hydrogen and OH-groups.Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 7, pp. 86–90, July, 1988.We thank E. V. Komarov for his help in conducting the experiments.     

Magnetic excitons in near-surface quantum wells: Experiment and theory

We have measured the photoluminescence spectra and photoluminescence excitation spectra of magnetic excitons in InGaAs/GaAs near-surface quantum wells in a magnetic field. We have quantitatively investigated the effect of dielectric enhancement of excitons in quantum wells brought about by decreasing the thickness of the barrier layer, both in a magnetic field and without. Fiz. Tverd. Tela (St. Petersburg) 40, 806–808 (May 1998)     

The influence of the scattering anisotropy parameter on diffuse reflection of light

We discuss the impact of the scattering anisotropy parameter on the path length distribution of multiply scattered light. A quantitative treatment based on the radiative transfer equation is compared to an extended photon diffusion formalism. We compare both models with diffusing-wave spectroscopy measurements using randomly polarized light.     

一种便携式漫反射LED均匀光源的设计与实现

为了满足光电探测仪器校准修正过程中对标准光源的要求,设计了一种采用积分球技术,通过纽扣电池供电的便携式漫反射LED均匀光源。给出了光源的装配图、主要零件3D图及电路图,并对其进行了详细说明。通过Matlab分析光源出光口CCD照片各像素的灰度值,得到出光口?14 mm范围内光强均匀度为95.1%;采用Ocean Optics USB 2000+型光谱仪分析光源出光口光强均匀性及漫反射性,得到沿出光口径方向2个位置光强与中心光强相比,分别下降了2.93%和6.30%的结果。光源出光口平面旋转10°,中心位置光强下降6.30%。测试分析表明:设计的光源具有较好的均匀度和漫反射性,在光电探测仪器校准方面具有一定的应用价值。     

Effect of chlorine-containing bleaching agents on diffuse reflection of light by cellulose pulp

We have studied diffuse reflectance in the spectral range λ = 380–760 nm of sulfate cellulose pulp with initial hardness G = 30–70 after it was treated with a chlorine-containing bleaching agent with active chlorine concentration C = 0%–10% for different time intervals. We determined the general behavior and basic features of the concentration and time dependences of the brightness B and the diffuse reflectance spectral ratio (R ₄₃₇/R ₆₅₀)⋅100% at λ = 457 nm and 650 nm. Based on the data obtained, we propose an optimal algorithm for using optical spectral technologies for metered addition of chlorine-containing bleaching agents.     

基于近红外漫反射光谱的烃源岩生烃潜量的确定

对比了近红外光谱和中红外光谱对烃源岩样品生烃潜量的定量分析能力.由于近红外光谱受样品的颗粒度、密度、表面粗糙度等造成的光散射的影响更大,使得其漫反射光谱数据的信噪比很低,背景干扰很大,很难直接应用于定量分析.因此需要一种有效的方法对近红外漫反射数据进行预处理来消除散射的影响.本文对比了正交信号校正算法(OSC)及其两种...     

Manifestation of cluster symmetries in nuclear spectra

We studiedNα systems in terms of two models based on the concept of dynamic and discrete symmetry. We compared the spectra of¹²C and¹⁶O with the predictions of the two approaches and proposed similar analysis of further cluster systems.     

Picosecond time-resolved luminescence of localized excitons in CdS1-xSex

We present time-resolved luminescence results on CdS_0.36Se_0.64 which give a new insight on the kinetics of excitons localized by alloy potential fluctuations. By exciting in the localized exciton band with detection close to the exciting wavelength we obtain the lifetime across the band. Below the exciting laser energy two processes contribute to luminescence: transfer of localized excitons by tunnel effect assisted by acoustical phonons, and luminescence (assisted by acoustical phonons) of all the states excited at time t = 0 either directly or through their acoustical absorption wing. The time behavior of luminescence with respect to the detuning from the exciting energy helps to discriminate between those two contributions. Furthermore it shows that intermediate long-living states are involved in the exciton relaxation process.     

Magnetic-field-induced polariton effects in light reflection spectra of structures with wide exciton quantum wells

A theoretical model has been developed to describe the behavior of exciton polaritons in a wide quantum well for structures with the zinc blende symmetry in a transverse magnetic field (the Voigt geometry). The model takes into account the mixing of the 1s-1s and 1s-2p states of heavy excitons by the magnetic field and makes it possible to explain and quantitatively describe the activation of optically inactive states in the reflection spectra and the magnetic-field-induced increase in the translational mass of the exciton. The quantitative calculations of the spectra have been preformed using typical parameters for CdTe/ZnCdTe quantum-well structures.     

Spectral diffusion of quasi localized excitons in single silicon nanocrystals

Evolution in time of photoluminescence spectra of SiO_x capped single silicon nanocrystals has been investigated by means of confocal optical spectroscopy at room temperature. Large spectral jumps between subsequent spectra of up to 40 meV have been detected leading to noticeable line broadening and variation in the electron–phonon coupling. Further, a correlation between emission energy and emission intensity has been found and discussed in terms of an intrinsic Stark effect. Anti-correlated variations of the electron–phonon coupling to Si and SiO₂ phonons as a function of photoluminescence energy indicate that the nearly localized excition is to some extent coupled to phonons in the shell covering the silicon nanocrystal. However, coupling is reduced upon increasing Stark effect, while at the same time coupling to phonons of the Si core increases.     

Optical studies of localized excitons in symmetric coupled quantum wells

We present evidence for coupling between spatially separated excitonic states in a GaAs symmetric coupled quantum well. A split excitonic peak is observed in the photoluminescence spectrum of our sample and is identified as due to islands of monolayer fluctuation in the well width. We use the technique of far-infrared modulated photoluminescence to show that a resonant coupling exists between the excitonic states when the incident far-infrared photon energy is approximately equal to the splitting as measured in the photoluminescence spectrum. The most likely mechanism for this coupling is the dipole–dipole interaction.     

Manifestation of CdTe quantum dots and interdiffusion in IR reflection spectra of CdTe/ZnTe structures with quantum dots

The IR reflection spectra of structures that consist of alternating layers of CdTe quantum dots and ZnTe barriers and are grown on ZnTe and CdTe/ZnTe buffer layers on GaAs(001) substrates are studied. The spectra are processed using dispersion analysis, and the parameters of the oscillators are determined. In the spectra, quantum dots manifest themselves in the form of a broad band at a frequency close to the frequency of the Fröhlich mode. It is revealed that the spectra contain features associated with the interdiffusion of the CdTe and ZnTe compounds, i.e., bands attributed to the local mode of Zn atoms in the CdTe compound and two gap modes of Cd atoms in the ZnTe compound.     

Non-markovian decoherence of localized nanotube excitons by acoustic phonons

We demonstrate that electron-phonon interaction in quantum dots embedded in one-dimensional systems leads to pronounced, non-Markovian decoherence of optical transitions. The experiments that we present focus on the line shape of photoluminescence from low-temperature axially localized carbon nanotube excitons. The independent boson model that we use to model the phonon interactions reproduces with very high accuracy the broad and asymmetric emission lines and the weak red-detuned radial breathing mode replicas observed in the experiments. The intrinsic phonon-induced pure dephasing of the zero-phonon line is 2 orders of magnitude larger than the lifetime broadening and is a hallmark of the reduced dimensionality of the phonon bath. The non-Markovian nature of this decoherence mechanism may have adverse consequences for applications of one-dimensional systems in quantum information processing.