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针对鱼雷激光近炸引信探测水下近场目标的需求,开展了水下激光引信回波蒙特卡洛仿真方法研究.结合水下激光引信探测特点建立水下目标回波的蒙特卡洛仿真模型.为了提高水中非朗伯目标表面回波仿真的准确度,推导了基于双向反射函数的光子反射方向概率分布,根据概率分布随机抽样光子反射方向.仿真了不同距离和入射角度条件下的水中目标回波信号.仿真结果表明:目标回波幅度随目标距离和入射角度的增大迅速下降,目标距离在6~12m内变化时,信号峰值动态范围为11.5dB;目标距离为8m,激光入射角在0~45°内变化时,信号峰值动态范围为9.2dB.为验证仿真方法的正确性,在水池中进行水中目标蓝绿激光探测实验,实验结果和仿真结果一致.研究成果可为解决传统蒙特卡洛方法在水中非朗伯面目标回波仿真中的适用性问题及水下激光引信优化设计提供参考. 相似文献
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海洋表层是水下生物以及水下目标的主要活动区域,对海洋表层中的目标进行高精度的探测是一个十分重要的课题。本文建立了半解析蒙特卡洛激光辐射传输仿真模型,能够对机载海洋雷达回波信号过程进行全链路仿真,并且讨论了不同形状(包括:平面形、圆锥形、球形和类球形)目标的最大回波辐射强度随着水下深度分布。基于此,本文分析了脉冲激光雷达回波过程中不同目标在相同场景下考虑的截止散射阶次对回波信号的能量占比贡献。最后,分别从脉冲激光回波半峰全宽(FHWM)以及海水后向散射信噪比(SNR)两个方面分析了不同形状的水下目标识别过程中海水的后向散射对脉冲激光回波的回波半宽增宽效应以及不同深度下的海水后向散射信噪比。 相似文献
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多基地声纳组网探测系统是目前大范围水下安保领域的研究热点。综合利用多基地系统中各个声纳节点的信息进行水下目标识别是亟待解决的问题。利用传统的多传感器融合的方法进行多基地水下目标识别,往往忽略了各声纳节点之间的相关性,效果并不理想。针对这一问题,本文提出了利用连续隐马尔科夫模型(CHMM)进行多基地水下目标识别的方法。首先利用RELAX算法提取了目标在不同分置角上回波的强散射点特征,组成观测向量,利用Baum-Welch方法对CHMM参数进行训练,然后计算待识别目标的特征值观测序列在不同模型下的似然概率。对所有目标重复此过程,取概率最大值对应的目标类别为最后的识别结果。在消声水池开展多基地模拟实验,对四类目标进行了识别,利用CHMM方法得到的多基地水下目标融合识别率比多基地声纳下单声纳节点的最高识别率提高了30%。 相似文献
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光在水中传输时的吸收和散射效应使得激光的水下传输特性变得复杂,尤其是后向散射会造成目标对比度降低,导致利用激光进行水下探测时面临挑战,而载波调制技术可以用来抑制水下激光雷达的后向散射。利用基于蒙特卡罗方法的计算机仿真技术建立余弦调制高斯脉冲激光水下传输模型,并讨论光载微波脉冲宽度、调制频率和调制深度等参数对探测结果的影响。结果表明:相比于传统脉冲激光雷达的仿真结果,载波调制相关检测技术可以有效提高水下目标对比度;脉冲宽度存在最佳值,调制频率对目标回波信号的信噪比和测距精度有影响,调制深度越大,目标回波信号的信噪比越高。 相似文献
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本文研究了目标表面粗糙对回波信号探测的影响,通过蒙特卡罗方法建立一维和二维目标高斯随机粗糙面模型,并对目标回波信号的探测过程进行仿真,研究目标表面粗糙对中频信号的影响.还进行了粗糙面和光滑面两组光外差探测实验,验证目标粗糙对合成孔径激光雷达回波信号严重的“退相干”效应.同时,采用数字波前分析仪对探测器处本振光和信号光波前分别进行检测,检测结果与仿真一致,证明粗糙面回波相位畸变严重.文中研究结果对设计光源参数、接收系统参数以及评估系统作用距离奠定基础,为合成孔径激光雷达系统设计提供定量参考. 相似文献
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声呐目标回波的亮点模型 总被引:30,自引:0,他引:30
本文为声呐工程提供一个实用的目标模型.基于大多数声呐系统采用高频限带信号的事实,用传递函数描述目标的回波特性比较适宜.在高频情况下,构成回波的各种成分,如镜反射波、棱角波和各种弹性散射波都可以等效成某个散射中心即亮点的回波.整个目标等效成一组空间分布亮点.本文给出亮点传递函数的普遍形式,它由幅度因子、时延和相位跳变三个参量描述.一个完整的目标模型就是给定这三个参量组、利用本文给出的亮点模型可以实现窄带回波波形的模拟. 相似文献
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Detection of complex echoes in noise by an echolocating dolphin 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Dolphins echolocate with short broadband acoustic signals that have good time resolution properties. Received echoes are often complex, with many resolvable highlights or components caused by reflection of the incident signal from external and internal boundaries of a target and from different propagational modes within a target. A series of experiments was performed to investigate how dolphins perceive complex echoes. Echoes were produced by a microprocessor-controlled electronic target simulator that captured each emitted click and retransmitted the signal back to the animal after an appropriate time delay. The use of this "phantom" target allowed for precise control of the number of highlights, the time separation between highlights, and the relative amplitudes of highlights in the simulated echoes. An echolocating dolphin was trained to perform a target detection task in the presence of masking noise using these phantom echoes. The properties of simulated echoes were systematically varied, and corresponding shifts in the dolphin's detection threshold were observed, allowing for inferences of how the dolphin perceived echoes. The dolphin performed like an energy detector with an integration time of approximately 264 microseconds. 相似文献
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近程声呐亮点回波的识别与跟踪 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
根据目标近距离水下航行时的亮点动态分布规律,提出用两级聚类分析和边缘特征提取的图象识别方法,从声呐回波动态历程图象中识别和跟踪目标回波,并从目标动态回波图象的多个亮点中,提取和跟踪了指挥塔亮点轨迹. 相似文献
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TANG Weilin 《声学学报:英文版》1994,(2)
I.IntroductionTheecho-rangingapproachistheonlycffectiveapproachfordetectionandidentifi-cationofunderwatertargetifitisasilcntobkct.Echoformationisaphysicalprocessinwhichthetargetisexcitcdbyincidentwavc.Byechothecharactcristicinformationsoftargethavebcencarricd.Suchinformationsarejustfundamentalsofdetectionandiden-hficationappliedbyactivesonars.Classificationandidentificationareimportantdevelopmentsofreccntsonarsin-c1udingthehomersoftorpedocs.Thisneedsadecpunderstandingrcferredtoechobe-haviors… 相似文献
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Echolocation (i.e., perceiving objects using acoustic echoes) is well-known in underwater detection and to a lesser extent in robot guidance and machine perception. The paper by Tsakiris and McKerrow is concerned with machine perception in air using Freedman's asymptotic model, which was originally developed to predict the backscattering multiple-echo effect observed in sonar detection. This effect was subsequently shown to be due to the elastic response of underwater targets. Freedman's model can be used in air because the acoustic target is assumed to be rigid. Also, the model's prediction of multiple echoes can be used to obtain information about the shape of the target. This is the so-called inversion of the Freedman model by Tsakiris and McKerrow. In their paper, various simple bodies are tested in air using ultrasound and it is shown that the model provides relatively poor information about body shape. Several explanations are given. However, one explanation is not considered, namely that the model itself is not satisfactory. First, there is poor agreement with exact backscattering theory. Second, deriving information about target shape from the multiple echoes predicted by the model is a highly questionable procedure. Both these aspects are examined here. 相似文献
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Altesa RA Dankiewicz LA Moore PW Helweg DA 《The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America》2003,114(2):1155-1166
Bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) use short, wideband pulses for echolocation. Individual waveforms have high-range resolution capability but are relatively insensitive to range rate. Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is not greatly improved by pulse compression because each waveform has small time-bandwidth product. The dolphin, however, often uses many pulses to interrogate a target, and could use multipulse processing to combine the resulting echoes. Multipulse processing could mitigate the small SNR improvement from pulse compression, and could greatly improve range-rate estimation, moving target indication, range tracking, and acoustic imaging. All these hypothetical capabilities depend upon the animal's ability to combine multiple echoes for detection and/or estimation. An experiment to test multiecho processing in a dolphin measured detection of a stationary target when the number N of available target echoes was increased, using synthetic echoes. The SNR required for detection decreased as the number of available echoes increased, as expected for multiecho processing. A receiver that sums binary-quantized data samples from multiple echoes closely models the N dependence of the SNR required by the dolphin. Such a receiver has distribution-tolerant (nonparametric) properties that make it robust in environments with nonstationary and/or non-Gaussian noise, such as the pulses created by snapping shrimp. 相似文献
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声呐目标的回声信号携带有该目标的某些特征信息,提取出这些特征信息,有助于目标的自动识别。本文应用PRONY法从模拟的目标回声信号中提取了极点,旨在探索极点的准确提取与有关参数间的关系。最后本文讨论了虚假极点的剔除,并从实测的目标回声信号中提取出极点,将所得结果与理论值进行了比较。 相似文献
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J A Simmons E G Freedman S B Stevenson L Chen T J Wohlgenant 《The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America》1989,86(4):1318-1332
The ability of the echolocating bat, Eptesicus fuscus, to detect a sonar target is affected by the presence of other targets along the same axis at slightly different ranges. If echoes from one target arrive at about the same delay as echoes from another target, clutter interference occurs and one set of echoes masks the other. Although the bat's sonar emissions and the echoes themselves are 2 to 5 ms long, echoes (of approximately equal sensation levels--around 15 dB SL) only interfere with each other if they arrive within 200 to 400 microseconds of the same arrival time. This figure is an estimate of the integration time of the bat's sonar receiver for echoes. The fine structure of the clutter-interference data reflects the reinforcement and cancellation of echoes according to their time separation. When clutter interference first occurs, the waveforms of test and cluttering echoes already overlap for much of their duration. The masking effect underlying clutter interference appears specifically due to overlap, not between raw echo waveforms, but between the patterns of mechanical excitation created when echoes pass through bandpass filters equivalent to auditory-nerve tuning curves. While the time scale of clutter interference is substantially shorter than the duration of echo waveforms, it still is much longer than the eventual width of a target's range-axis image expressed in terms of echo delay. 相似文献
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Impulsive-source active sonar systems are often plagued by false alarm echoes resulting from the presence of naturally occurring clutter objects in the environment. Sonar performance could be improved by a technique for discriminating between echoes from true targets and echoes from clutter. Motivated by anecdotal evidence that target echoes sound very different than clutter echoes when auditioned by a human operator, this paper describes the implementation of an automatic classifier for impulsive-source active sonar echoes that is based on perceptual signal features that have been previously identified in the musical acoustics literature as underlying timbre. Perceptual signal features found in this paper to be particularly useful to the problem of active sonar classification include: the centroid and peak value of the perceptual loudness function, as well as several features based on subband attack and decay times. This paper uses subsets of these perceptual signal features to train and test an automatic classifier capable of discriminating between target and clutter echoes with an equal error rate of roughly 10%; the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve corresponding to this classifier is found to be 0.975. 相似文献