开式循环吸收式热泵系统变工况性能研究

开式循环吸收式热泵是用于燃气潜热及水回收的新技术.本文建立了开式循环吸收式热泵系统变工况分析模型.首先,在设计条件下,进行了系统设计及性能模拟;其次,在系统确定条件下,改变输入参数,进行了系统变工况性能的分析.结果显示,在选择参数变化范围内,系统性能变化不大,运行比较稳定,变工况性能较好.烟气温度、流量及冷却水温度、流量增加时,系统性能系数及水回收率变化相反,实际过程中可以作为互相调节的参数,简化了调节手段.输出热负荷相同条件下,烟气湿度增加时系统性能变化较小,系统变工况性能最稳定,最利于系统的稳定运行.     

气液双热源耦合换热器性能研究

设计了一种由管翅式换热器和套管式换热器耦合而成的气液双源耦合式换热器,该换热器可以实现一种介质同时与气态热源和液态热源进行同步耦合换热.对该换热器进行了详细的介绍,并对其耦合换热特性及该换热器在耦合热源热泵空调中应用时的制热工况进行了的性能测试.研究结果证明,使用该气液双热源耦合式换热器的耦合热源热泵空调系统,气液双热...     

燃气机热泵的制冷性能

燃气机热泵(GEHP)是一种节能环保的空调装置。通过理论分析和实验测试研究了燃气机热泵部分负荷制冷性能。结果表明:燃气机热泵系统制冷量随着燃气机转速、蒸发器进水流量和蒸发器进水温度的提高而增加。制冷性能系数(COP)和一次能源利用率(PER)随着燃气机转速的增加而减少,随着蒸发器进水温度和进水流量的增加而增加。在考虑余热回收的情况下,燃气机热泵的一次能源利用率在1.29~1.67之间。     

热泵热水器变工况性能的无量纲对比态分析法

本文介绍一种热泵热水器性能的无量纲对比态分析法,该方法采用不同工况的热泵热水器性能参数与标准设计工况的参数对比的无量纲参数来描述实际工况性能。分别导出了理论和实际的描述热泵热水器变工况性能的无量纲表达式,给出了环境气温从-5～40℃,进水温度从5～30℃的无量纲性能曲线,以及两种型号的实验机的结霜温度区的实验结果无量纲对比性能。研究发现,热泵热水器的对比热水流量m_w是体现变工况性能的极为敏感和重要的参数,只有用m_w和COP相结合,才能全面反映热泵性能。     

地下水源热泵系统换热器匹配性研究

建立了地下水源热泵系统实验装置,针对夏季工况和冬季工况分别研究了换热器面积的匹配对系统性能的影响。实验结果分析表明,适当增大冷凝器面积既可提高机组性能,又可避免在冬季工况时冷凝压力过高,保证机组稳定可靠的运行。     

气液双热源耦合热泵空调性能模拟研究

建立了气液双热源耦合换热器的耦合换热模型,并对其在耦合热源热泵空调中应用时的制热工况进行了性能模拟研究。模拟结果显示,使用该气液双热源耦合式换热器的耦合热源热泵空调系统,气液双热源模式与单空气热源模式相比,制热量和COP均有明显提高,低温时性能提高更为显著。当室外温度为-15℃时,双热源热泵的制热量较单一空气源热泵提高比例进一步增大,制热量提高近40%,COP提高近30%。     

结合吸收式热泵的HAT循环系统综合设计与性能分析

针对HAT循环在热电联供能力、水回收和烟气排放等方面的问题,采用多种类型的吸收式热泵系统与其结合,对六个综合系统进行模拟,并对结果进行了分析.表明,循环效率方面,采用增温型热泵且放热用于系统内部,其效率要高于向外放热的增热型热泵;水回收方面,开式循环热泵的水回收率高且回收水量灵活,同时排烟温度也高,在110℃以上;热电联供方面,热电输出效果与热泵系统的选择关系密切,对于文中可实现热电联供的三个系统,热电效率分别为0.6285,0.7677,0.6383.     

基于三元混合工质高温压缩式热泵循环性能研究

工业生产中存在大量的70～80℃的余热未被回收利用,如果利用热泵将这部分余热转化为高品质工业蒸汽则可大大降低工业能耗和污染物排放。本文研究一种回收废水余热制取蒸汽的高温热泵系统,在蒸发器侧水进出口温度80/70℃和冷凝器侧水进出口温度90/120℃设计工况下,针对该换热过程"大温差"和"高冷凝"的换热特点分析对比不同非共沸工质的循环性能。首先对比了多种二元混合工质的循环性能,得到性能较为优良的混合工质R124/R141b(0.45/0.55).为保证压缩机安全运行添加第三元组分以降低排气温度和压力,结果表明:三元工质R365mfc/R124/R141b(0.55/0.405/0.045)综合性能较佳,其COP达到4.9,并且单位容积制热量为4110 kJ/m³,同时排气温度125℃和冷凝压力为1595 kPa,综合性能优越并满足压缩机安全运行要求。     

换热器低温结霜工况性能实验研究

利用搭建的换热器低温结霜工况性能实验台,测试了在不同的入口空气温度、湿度、流速等环境参数下,翅片管蒸发器低温结霜工况的结霜量、制冷量、进出口空气侧压降和能量传递系数的变化以及结霜量、制冷量、空气侧压降和能量传递系数等随霜层增长的变化规律,分析了环境参数对翅片管蒸发器性能的影响,为低温条件下换热器动态结霜性能研究提供了更多的实验参考和计算依据。     

基于小负荷换热单元保护的松弛策略优化换热网络

WCE算法优化换热网络时,固定投资费用的存在易造成小负荷换热单元难以产生和保留,使部分尚未完全进化的结构过早被淘汰。本文建立一种固定投资费用的松弛处理方法,将固定投资费用与换热单元热负荷进行因变处理,根据换热单元热负荷的大小实时调整优化过程中的松弛力度,引导并促进小负荷换热单元的顺利产生和进化,从而增强换热网络的结构进化能力。将松弛策略应用于9SP和15SP算例,验证松弛策略促进结构进化的有效性,提升优化质量,获得的最优结果(2 903 528 ＄ ·a^-1、5 115 061 ＄ ·a^-1)优于文献结果。     

Study on Heat Transfer Performance of Skin Heat Exchanger

Cooling technology is facing new challenges with the increase of electronic equipment power onboard aircraft. The traditional heat sink based on high-altitude bleed air does not satisfy this increase of cooling demands. In this article, an air/air-type skin heat exchanger is studied for cooling aircraft electronic equipment. It uses outside high-altitude cold air rather than bleed air as a heat sink. This cooling technology can effectively remove the heat load of high-power electronic devices without greatly increasing aircraft performance penalty. To assess its high-altitude heat transfer performance, an experimental prototype was designed and made. Some experiments were conducted on a ground experimental test. The heat transfer criteria formulas were obtained for both the side air in the skin heat exchanger and its convective heat transfer coefficients. Based on these experimental analyses, the heat transfer performances of the skin heat exchanger in a high-altitude cruise condition are deduced when it is assumed to be installed at an unfavorable position and a favorable position, separately. This work tries to provide a technical support for its future onboard application.     

低品位烟气余热回收换热器热力学分析

低品位烟气余热回收过程存在冷凝现象,烟气的放热过程分为显热、潜热两部分。冷凝时,局部热流率和熵产率明显增大;增加水蒸气质量分数、冷却水质量流量和降低烟气入口温度都会导致烟气提前冷凝;存在最优冷却水质量流量使得热回收过程熵产数最小。另外,提出热回收效率评价烟气热回收程度,该指标受冷凝的影响很大。随着烟气中蒸汽质量分数的增加,冷凝过程的影响明显增强,因此,在低品位烟气的全热回收中必须考虑潜热的影响。     

颗粒帘换热器中气粒两相换热特性实验研究

根据某1 t/h燃煤工业锅炉空气预热器的热力参数,设计并搭建了一套颗粒帘空气预热器模拟实验系统,研究了不同进气温度Tg0(150~300℃)、进气速度Vg0(0.9~1.5m/s)、颗粒帘进口厚度b0 (60~180 mm)、颗粒粒径dp(150~212μm)以及不同颗粒质量流量ms (550~2150 g/s)工况条件下热空气与进口温度tp0=20℃的硅砂颗粒帘间的换热特性。结果表明:影响颗粒帘换热器中气粒两相换热特性因素的重要性次序为进气温度、进气速度、颗粒质量流量、颗粒粒径、颗粒帘进口厚度;换热端差最低可至4.5℃,最大可达87℃;颗粒帘及颗粒帘出口气流的温度沿颗粒下落方向在前期上升迅速(186~475℃/m)而后期上升比较缓慢(60~108℃/m),并且在0~0.5 m和0.5~1.0 m的高度范围可分别用线性和对数方程来描述。     

Empirical Study of an Air-to-Air Heat Pipe Heat Exchanger in Tropical Climates

Abstract

This article presents the empirical study of a heat pipe heat exchanger that was directly experiencing the ambient tropical air in its evaporator section. The performance of the heat pipe heat exchanger was monitored during two weeks of operation to determine the performance curves. The temperature of return air was controlled at about 22°C as the representative temperature of inside air, and a face velocity of 2 m/s on the heat pipe heat exchanger coil was established for this purpose. It was found that for the present investigation, the heat pipe heat exchanger can pay for itself in 1.5 years.     

Experimental and Numerical Investigation of the Effect of Turbulator on Heat Transfer in a Concentric-type Heat Exchanger

This article experimentally and numerically analyzes the effect of turbulators with different geometries (Type I, Type II, Type III, and Type IV) located at the inlet of the inner pipe in a concentric-type heat exchanger. Experiments were performed at parallel-flow conditions in the same and opposite directions to investigate the impact of manufactured turbulators on heat transfer and pressure drop. In the numerical study, ANSYS 12.0 Fluent code program was used, and basic protection equations were solved in the steady-state, three-dimensional, and turbulence-flow conditions. Results were obtained from numerical analysis conducted at different flow values of air (7, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12 m³/h). The distribution of temperature, velocity, and pressure was demonstrated as a result of numerical analyses. Experimental and numerical results were compared, and it was observed that they were in conformity with each other. When the data obtained from the analyses were examined, the highest heat transfer, pressure drop, and friction factor increase were detected to be in the Type IV turbulator.     

基于结构多样性评价的换热网络全局最优化

针对启发式方法在优化换热网络时由于个体团聚而出现搜索能力下降,建立一种换热网络结构多样性评价方法,对种群中个体结构团聚程度进行衡量,并指导算法改进.对种群进行集团划分,将一定数目的具有公共结构的个体归为一个集团,从而得到个体结构分布;提出分散搜索策略,对于各集团中除集团最优个体外的其它个体,从其公共结构中随机选择若干个换热器进行摄动以分散集团中的个体结构;提出集中搜索策略,通过使其它个体获得最优集团对应公共结构以加强对较优结构的集中开发;采用9股流与15股流两个算例,验证分散搜索策略增强了全局搜索能力,集中搜索策略增强了局部搜索能力,优化结果分别较原算法降低了7 008针对启发式方法在优化换热网络时由于个体团聚而出现搜索能力下降,建立一种换热网络结构多样性评价方法,对种群中个体结构团聚程度进行衡量,并指导算法改进.对种群进行集团划分,将一定数目的具有公共结构的个体归为一个集团,从而得到个体结构分布;提出分散搜索策略,对于各集团中除集团最优个体外的其它个体,从其公共结构中随机选择若干个换热器进行摄动以分散集团中的个体结构;提出集中搜索策略,通过使其它个体获得最优集团对应公共结构以加强对较优结构的集中开发;采用9股流与15股流两个算例,验证分散搜索策略增强了全局搜索能力,集中搜索策略增强了局部搜索能力,优化结果分别较原算法降低了7 008■·a~(-1)与17 973■·a~(-1)且均优于文献结果.     

混合板式换热器板通道的数值模拟研究

本文采用二维非稳态数学模型、周期性充分发展边界条件对混合板式换热器中的板通道内的流动和换热进行数值模拟。在Re=4407～22035工况范围内,计算了半圆型、半椭圆Ⅰ型和半椭圆Ⅱ型三种不同纵截面形状波纹板通道内的流动和换热性能。数值模拟结果分析表明,波纹通道内的流动会因为流体从凸面流向凹面时产生回流而形成涡,即产生扰动,强化了后面的换热,但同时增大了阻力。并得出半圆型通道换热最强,Nu为椭圆Ⅱ型的1.4倍;但其阻力最大,压降为椭圆Ⅱ型的1.9倍。     

新型平板热管换热器热回收效率特性实验研究

本文针对普通住宅房间设计了一台新型平板式热管换热器,该换热器结构紧凑、体积小巧。为研究该换热器的使用条件,本文开展了不同工质(R113、R141b以及这两种工质的混合物)对该热管换热器换热效率影响的实验研究。整个实验在夏季工况下进行,热管真空度为1×10~(-3)Pa,充液量(灌入热管换热器内的工质体积与热管换热器体积之比)为1/3。实验结果表明:该热管换热器热回收效率较高。在整个风量范围内,R141b作为工质的热管换热器换热效果最好,最高效率达到了58.2%。     

Experiments on New Arrangements of Convex and Concave Corrugated Tubes through a Double-pipe Heat Exchanger

The main scope of this article paper is to experimentally clarify the effects of outer-tube and inner-tube corrugations on thermal and frictional characteristics in a horizontal double-pipe heat exchanger. Nusselt number, friction factor, and thermal performance factor are evaluated for new various arrangements of convex and concave corrugated tubes. Smooth tubes were corrugated by means of a special machine. Findings indicate that the arrangement type of corrugated tubes has a significant effect on the mentioned parameters. The best performance was obtained for a heat exchanger made of a concave corrugated outer tube and a convex corrugated inner tube.