具有梯度结构吸液芯的均热板传热特性

均热板是电子器件散热方案中常见的传热元件,而吸液芯结构是影响均热板传热性能的重要因素。本文将吸液芯划分为核心热源区和工质回流区,使用40μm、75μm和110μm三种粒径的球形铜粉和非球形铜粉开发三种热源区和回流区具有不同毛细性能的梯度结构吸液芯,并以均热板热阻和蒸发侧平均温度为指标开展对应均热板的传热性能测试。实验结果显示,对于两种单粒形双粒径吸液芯,使用较大粒径铜粉烧结核心热源区能有效提高均热板传热性能,且高充液率时传热性能相对较好。而双粒形双粒径梯度结构吸液芯能更好地平衡毛细力和渗透率对工质回流的影响,对应均热板传热性能最好,在实验最高加热功率时均热板总热阻比其他两种单粒形均热板最大降低约91%,并且最佳充液率适中,表明采用双粒形双粒径吸液芯可大幅提高均热板传热性能。     

热管吸液芯的研究进展

文中对热管内吸液芯的研究进展进行了阐述,着重从对热管传热性能起主要影响作用的比表面积、孔隙率、渗透率、有效毛细半径、密度、有效导热系数等结构参数方面进行了分析,最后介绍了多孔泡沫金属这一新型的热管吸液芯,并指出了今后的研究方向.     

梯度结构修饰铜网的毛细特性

如何在有限空间内提高吸液芯的毛细力的同时降低气液流动阻力成为制备超薄热管的关键问题。丝网是一种常用的热管吸液芯结构,当其用于超薄热管时,因厚度较大及毛细力较小而受到限制。为解决这一问题,本文采用电化学沉积法对铜网进行梯度结构修饰。文章对三种不同规格的铜网进行试验,探究不同反应条件对形貌及毛细性能的影响。结果表明,随着反应时间及电流的增加,修饰结构梯度幅度增大,毛细性能增强。以乙醇为工质时,修饰后的最大吸液高度为62.5 mm。与多尺度复合烧结铜粉毛细芯结构相比,在相同的毛细性能条件下,梯度修饰丝网在厚度上减小了 90%,从而为其在超薄热管中的使用奠定了基础。     

低温回路热管吸液芯渗透率测试及分析

低温回路热管的吸液芯是由不锈钢粉末烧结成的多孔结构,为低温工质的循环流动提供动力。渗透率是吸液芯重要的性能参数,决定液体径向流过吸液芯时的压降。本文介绍了以达西定律为理论依据的测量渗透率实验系统,采用无水乙醇作为工质在室温下进行实验,用高压氮气对液体施压,推动液体加速流动,改变驱动压力得到不同的质量流量来分析计算渗透率。本文分析了在层流范围内驱动压力与渗透率的关系,最终获得比较准确的渗透率数值。     

环路热管毛细芯有效导热系数的实验研究

通过建立相关测试平台,对一系列环路热管用烧结毛细芯的有效导热系数进行了实验研究,分析了组元配比,孔隙率和浸润工质等参数对有效导热系数的影响。研究发现烧结镍铜毛细芯有效导热系数显著低于单一组元毛细芯,并随着孔隙率的增加而降低,饱和了水的毛细芯导热系数相比干态毛细芯的导热系数有所增加。实验结果与文献中的有效导热系数模型比较,Alexander模型与实验数据拟合最为良好。     

环路热管吸液芯毛细抽吸特性研究

采用计算机记录毛细抽吸量实时变化曲线的方法,研究了环路热管吸液芯对不同工质的毛细抽吸特性,结果表明所有的吸液芯毛细抽吸过程均可分阶段采用玻耳兹曼方程进行描述,其误差在启动阶段和稳健抽吸阶段分别在5%和1%以内。工质的表面张力越大、密度越大,吸液芯的毛细抽吸量就越大;工质的表面张力越大、黏度越小,毛细抽吸速度越大。对孔隙率为45%～56%的吸液芯进行毛细抽吸实验发现,随着孔隙率的增大,抽吸速度和毛细抽吸量均随之增大,可见适当提高吸液芯的孔隙率有助于提高环路热管的性能。     

CPL复合毛细芯流动性能及工质特性分析

本文分析了两相毛细泵回路(CPL)复合结构毛细芯的流动阻力特性,讨论了影响毛细芯阻力大小的主要因素,计算结果表明,复合毛细芯的流动性能比单一粒径毛细芯优越。另外,还分析了工质物理性质对CPL性能的影响,指出改善工质表面张力特性是研制高性能CPL的方向之一。     

三维多孔吸液芯毛细特性孔隙尺度格子Boltzmann模拟

通过改进后的QSGS方法构造了三维复杂多孔吸液芯结构,采用格子Boltzmann方法和GPU并行算法,数值模拟了孔隙尺度下多孔吸液芯毛细抽吸两相传输动态特性,并探讨了表面润湿性和孔隙率对两相界面分布和毛细性能的影响.研究结果表明,对于三维复杂结构多孔吸液芯,毛细抽吸过程中两相界面不规则性、分布不均匀性程度较大,孔尺度效...     

小热管强化传热的研究

对五种内径相近的小热管在不同工怍温度(Tv)、热流密度(qe)及倾角(θ)下的传热性能进行了实验研究。五 种热管带有不同吸液芯结构:微肋、丝网芯、加网芯微肋、金属粉末烧结芯及光滑表面。获得了各热管的蒸发换热系数和 冷凝换热系数随(Tv)、(qe)及(θ)等的变化规律,讨论了吸液芯结构等对热管蒸发及冷凝换热系数的影响。     

热管喷射式制冷系统吸液芯的选择

本文描述了一种新型的太阳能热管喷射式制冷系统。其中热管吸液芯分别采用普通不锈钢丝和反向槽道毛细结构,分析其工作性能。另外为了获得更好的系统COP值,选择四种适合热管工作的工质进行计算,分析它们在采用前述两种吸液芯时的工作情况。研究表明由于反向槽道毛细结构可使工质流动压降更低,增强传热,当系统发生温度为70℃左右时,该系统具有更好的运行性能。而且此系统可有效利用太阳能,该系统若能与建筑复合,则具有广阔的应用前景。     

Thermal hydraulic characterization of stainless steel wicks for heat pipe applications

Heat pipe design and manufacturing require the knowledge of the thermal hydraulic performance of the wicks. The aim of the present work is the thermal hydraulic characterization of stainless steel wicks (sintered porous media and gauzes) to be employed in our experimental water heat pipe. Commercial sintered porous media (able to capture 90 % of 90 μm particles and 99.9 % of 130 μm particles) and gauzes (nominal wire size 0.11 mm, square mesh opening 0.209 mm) have been used. Thermal hydraulic characterization of the wicks is obtained through the experimental measurement of: capillary height (through which the equivalent porous radius can be evaluated), liquid hydraulic head (through which the liquid pressure drop in the wick is evaluated) wick permeability is also evaluated from the hydraulic head (through Darcy's law), heat flux, wick mass flow rate during the evaporation (through which, from the knowledge of other measured wick parameters, the wick two-phase pressure drop is calculated) and wick porosity (through which the thermal conductivity of the wick saturated with liquid can be determined). Concerning the heat flux, it is found to be dependent on the distance between the liquid level and the evaporating zone, the evaporating zone length, the wall superheat and the water subcooling, the contact between the heater and the wick and the superficial boundary conditions of the wick.     

Thermal Resistance Measurement across a Wick Structure Using a Novel Thermosyphon Test Chamber

A novel system is developed for measuring the thermal resistance across thin layers of sintered copper wicks of varying porosity. Wicks to be tested are integrated into a passive vertical thermosyphon system, and the resistance is measured for a series of input power levels. The wicks are sintered to a thermally conducting pedestal above a pool of deionized water and heated from below. The apparent thermal resistance across the wick (from the pedestal/wick interface to the vapor space) under the evaporative operating conditions encountered in heat pipes is measured using thermocouples. The apparent thermal resistance across the wick is measured to be as low as 0.01°C/W, corresponding to an evaporative heat transfer coefficient of greater than 128,000 W/m²K.     

颗粒烧结多孔芯蒸发/沸腾换热的实验研究

以水为工质,在热管工况（真空减压条件）下对具有不同颗粒种类（电解粉和水雾粉）、颗粒直径和多孔芯厚度的铜粉颗粒烧结多孔芯进行了蒸发/沸腾换热实验研究。结果表明：随着热流密度的上升,换热系数先上升后下降;在孔隙率一定的情况下,存在最优多孔芯厚度使得蒸发/沸腾换热性能最佳;当多孔芯厚度一定时,在热流密度不是很大时存在着最优孔...     

Analysing the sintering of heterogeneous powder structures by in situ microtomography

This work analyses the microstructure changes of various copper-based powder systems during sintering from 3D images provided by in situ synchrotron microtomography. The investigated systems include a copper powder with a wide particle size distribution of 0–63 µm poured into a quartz capillary, a pre-sintered copper compact with artificially created large pores and a mixture of copper and alumina particles. The experiments were carried out at the European Synchrotron in Grenoble, France. Powders were sintered up to 1060°C under reducing atmosphere in a furnace located between the X-ray source and the detector. During each experiment, 3D images were taken at various times of the thermal cycle. We have obtained images with a resolution of 1.5 µm and the time of acquisition of every image was ～1 min. Quantitative analysis of these images allowed the changes of various important parameters to be followed. Such parameters characterise the sintering process at the particle length scale: interparticle coordination, pore size distribution and particle centre-to-centre distance. Moreover, by tracking the displacement of each particle centre and comparing it to the displacement predicted by classical mean field assumption, we have been able to assess the magnitude of particle rearrangement occurring during sintering. From these data, the sintering behaviour of heterogeneous powder systems is discussed with particular emphasis of collective particle phenomena.     

Effect of electric field on the enhanced heat transfer characteristic of an evaporator with multilayered sintered copper mesh

In this paper, it was investigated experimentally that the effect of different kinds of working fluid on the thermal performance of evaporator with capillary wick consisted by multilayered sintered copper mesh under different electric field strengths at the operating pressure of 1.01 × 10⁵ Pa R141b and R123 were used as the working fluids. The electric field strength in this study was in the range of 0kV/m–1600 kV/m, respectively. The experimental results showed that the applied electric field strength has significant effect on heat transfer characteristic. The heat transfer enhancement effects increased with the increase of the electric field. Under the applied electric field strength, the maximum heat transfer enhancement factors could reach as high as 1.5 and 1.32 for the two kinds of working fluids in the experiment.     

两相毛细泵环蒸发器性能的实验研究

本文对两根毛细泵环反向式蒸发器的传热性能进行了实验研究．研究了不同槽道结构尺寸及不同毛细材料组合对蒸发器传热性能的影响，并研究了蒸发器入口液体不同的过冷度等因素对蒸发器传热性能的影响。     

Analysis and measurement of candle flame shapes

A combined analytical and experimental study was performed to determine the length and width of a candle flame. Measurements were made of laminar steady flames from photographs of straight-wick candles composed of n-tetracosane and normal paraffin waxes. The wicks studied ranged in diameter from about 1 to 9 mm, and in height from about 2 to 10 mm, with aspect ratios (diameter to length) of 0.1 to 2. The flame length from the pool surface and the flame width at the top of the wick were found. It was also noted and recorded that the flame attachment point along the vertical wick varied. The attachment point was found to depend on the aspect ratio of the wick. A model based on stagnant layer burning for a finite cylinder was used, along with the Roper laminar burner model for flame height. With slight adjustment to a constant, the width of the flame was well predicted, and the prediction for the flame height was about 60% too high and offset. In addition, the model gave insight to produce an accurate simple correlation for flame height in terms of wick aspect ratio and Rayleigh number.     

电爆炸制备纳米铜粉及物相研究

采用电爆炸法制造纳米金属颗粒。分析了铜丝在电爆炸过程中的物态变化,即从固态、液态、气态到离子态;同时理论研究了纳米铜粉粒径大小及分布、成分组成与爆炸时的能量、铜丝的直径和铜丝长度的关系;定义了粒径均匀度,通过粒径平均大小和粒径均匀度比较,分析了纳米粒径的大小分布情况;通过X射线衍射仪(XRD),透射电子显微镜(TEM)对电爆炸制造出的纳米铜颗粒做了测定与定量分析。结果表明:铜粉的主要成分由氧化铜、氧化亚铜及单晶铜组成,各成分所占比例与爆炸缸内的真空度相关。纳米金属微粒的粒径平均值、粒径均匀度与铜丝长度、直径、充电电压、放电时间等因素相关。     

微细多孔介质中流动及换热实验研究

本文对空气流过烧结微细多孔介质的流动和对流换热进行了实验研究。分析了不同颗粒直径条件下摩擦阻力系数与等效雷诺数的关系,并通过实验数据拟和得到了渗透率K和惯性常数F。结果表明:当颗粒直径比较大时,摩擦阻力系数的实验结果与计算关联式基本吻合;随着颗粒直径的减小,二者的差别增大。通过实验得到了微细烧结多孔介质内部体积平均对流换热系数,并与已有关联式的计算结果基本吻合。