基于对比态原理的常压气体黏度关联式

本文依据对比态原理.通过关联常压下气态物质的无量纲黏度ηr与对比温度Tr以及临界压缩因子Zc,分别建立了适用于单原子气体、双原子气体、碳氢化合物气体以及卤代烃类气态物质的常压下黏度关联式.选用40种物质常压黏度数据对上述关联式分别进行了验证.与文献数据相比,气体黏度计算的相对偏差绝对平均值分别为:0.47%、0.45%...     

常用制冷工质稠密流体的黏度推算方法

本文通过关联无量纲化剩余黏度与对比密度的关系,提出了一种推算常用制冷工质稠密流体黏度的维里型黏度状态方程.应用该方程只需已知该工质的临界参数、分子量和偏心因子即可完成计算,使得迁移性质的计算在热力学面上和平衡性质的计算保持了完整的一致性.本文通过上述方法计算了9种常用制冷工质的液相黏度,与实验数据比较显示,总平均偏差为2.36%,最大偏差为27.6%.     

压缩性和稀薄性对微通道气体流动换热的影响

本文对于微通道内稀薄气体二维可压缩滑移流动建立了数学模型,采用连续介质流动控制方程与壁面速度滑移和温度跳跃边界条件相组合描述该问题,并利用SIMPLE算法求解,所得结果与文献进行了对比,在相同条件下得到了较高的一致性.文中利用该计算模型的计算结果分析了气体的压缩性和稀薄性对微通道气体流动的影响,结果表明在所计算工况下稀薄性的影响更大。     

流体PVT的对应关系

本文依据对应态原理,提出新定义的对比压缩因子Zr=(1-Z)/(1-ZC)的无量纲交换式和对饱和温度的对比温度Tsr=T/Ts式,并根据两种流体工质对比压力Pr1=Pr2,对比温度Tsr1=Tsr2相等时,Zr1=Zr2相等的原则,导出了从一种已知PVT关系的物质推算它种物质的PVT值的通用方法。用本方法以水为标准物质推算了R12、R131、R134a、C2H4等几种物质在过热气体区、超临界区和液体区比容,计算值与文献实验值的平均偏差小于2,最大偏差小于4%。     

热泵热水器变工况性能的无量纲对比态分析法

本文介绍一种热泵热水器性能的无量纲对比态分析法,该方法采用不同工况的热泵热水器性能参数与标准设计工况的参数对比的无量纲参数来描述实际工况性能。分别导出了理论和实际的描述热泵热水器变工况性能的无量纲表达式,给出了环境气温从-5～40℃,进水温度从5～30℃的无量纲性能曲线,以及两种型号的实验机的结霜温度区的实验结果无量纲对比性能。研究发现,热泵热水器的对比热水流量m_w是体现变工况性能的极为敏感和重要的参数,只有用m_w和COP相结合,才能全面反映热泵性能。     

微尺度稀薄效应下颗粒沉降的格子Boltzmann方法模拟

基于多松弛格子Boltzmann模型,对竖直细长微通道内颗粒自由沉降过程进行模拟,分析气体稀薄效应、初始位置以及颗粒间相互作用对微颗粒沉降特性的影响.研究表明：随Knudsen数增大,微通道内气体稀薄效应增强,颗粒表面气体滑移速度增大,气相流体有效粘度减小,颗粒相同运动状态下受到气体阻力相应减小,颗粒沉降平衡速度明显增大;不同初始位置颗粒沉降过程存在明显差异,初始位置偏离中心线颗粒将发生水平方向位移且呈振荡趋势,最终稳定于中心线平衡位置;在微尺度双颗粒沉降DKT现象过程中,气体稀薄效应影响颗粒运动特性,后颗粒跟随过程明显增长.     

具有局部稀薄气体效应的高超声速尖锥气动加热特征研究

以微钝尖锥为飞行器前缘模型,采用基于分子运动论的DSMC方法模拟不同前缘曲率半径的尖锥在高超声速来流下的气动热环境,计算驻点热流率,并与Fay-Riddell公式和其他修正理论作对比,研究具有局部稀薄气体效应的高超声速尖锥气动加热特征及其变化规律.发现修正的Cheng参数适合作为工程上判断驻点区域稀薄气体效应影响大小的判据.     

微通道中压力驱动Poiseuille流数值分析

采用26阶矩方程方法对稀薄气体在平板微通道与微圆通道中压力驱动的Poiseuille流动进行数值分析,获得稀薄气体在微通道内的速度分布、压力分布规律。数值分析结果表明:气体压力在微通道中沿主流方向呈非线性分布,且非线性程度随Kn数的增大而减小,分布趋势随Kn数的改变产生微小的变化;随Kn数的增大,微圆通道中气体沿径向速度分布出现双峰现象。研究结果与DSMC方法及格子-Boltzmann方法对比符合较好。     

稀薄气体二维外部柱体绕流特性研究

本文采用直接模拟蒙特卡罗方法对稀薄气体二维外部柱体绕流问题进行了数值模拟。结果表明:外部绕流问题,在特定情况下会产生激波,激波的产生,不仅与气体的稀薄程度有关,还与来流马赫数有关。而气流与壁面之间的换热,随来流马赫数增加而增加,随气体稀薄程度增加而减小。     

石墨、菱铁矿与超临界水反应的实验研究

 为研究地球深部无机成烃的机制，在金刚石压腔（DAC，温度为800~1 500 ℃，压力略大于1 GPa）中进行了石墨和菱铁矿分别与超临界水反应的实验研究。用气相色谱法分析了气体产物的组成，发现其中均有大量的甲烷生成，并伴有CO₂和CO；此外还有少量其它烃类。上述结果意味着在地球深部高温高压条件下，含碳物质与超临界水反应可能是一种新的、重要的成烃机制。     

Application of a new equation of state to energy carriers

A new equation of state (IR EOS) recently reported for liquids and gases has been utilized to predict the densities of some energy carriers at different temperatures, pressures. The ability of IR EOS is examined by comparing its results with experimental data for some energy carriers in homogeneous gas, homogeneous liquid and gas–liquid transition region from low to very high pressures. The IR EOS gives excellent results in homogenous gas and homogeneous liquid region while its predictions in gas–liquid transition have more deviations. The average absolute deviation between calculated and experimental densities for 968 data points of 12 energy carriers is 0.33% over the entire range of data with a maximum pressure of 1000 MPa.     

R143a气相黏度的实验研究

采用振动盘黏度计对制冷剂R143a的气相黏度进行了实验研究,温度范围为299～338 K、压力范围为0.1～2.69MPa,黏度测量的不确定度为±2.0%.利用得到的实验数据,拟合了R143a的气相黏度方程,黏度实验数据与方程的平均绝对偏差为0.20%,最大偏差为0.97%,可以满足工程应用.     

Measurements of the viscosity of compressed gaseous and liquid methane

The shear viscosity coefficient of compressed gaseous and liquid methane has been measured at temperatures between 100 and 300 K and at pressures up to 30 MPa (4350 psia) with a torsionally oscillating quartz crystal viscometer. The estimated precision and accuracy of the measurements are about 0.5% and 2%, respectively. The measurements have been compared with an equation previously proposed for calculating the viscosity of gaseous and liquid methane. Most of the differences between the equation and the measurements reported here are within our experimental error. Larger differences (up to 6%) are reported at the lowest temperature (100 K) and high pressures, and along a supercritical isotherm at 200 K (T ≈ 1.05 T_c).     

Viscosity of argon to 5 GPa and 673 K

A rolling-sphere technique has been used to measure shear viscosities of (supercritical) fluid argon in the diamond-anvil cell between the temperatures of 294 and 673 K, up to a maximum pressure of 5 GPa. At these pressures, the viscosities can be fit to a modified free-volume expression. A single correlation between reduced viscosity and reduced residual entropy is shown to give a good account of the current high pressure data, data at lower pressures and those for the sub-critical liquid.     

Comparaison entre la viscosité des gaz rares denses et la viscosité de modèles statistiques

The values of the shear viscosity of simple dense gases at room temperature up to 6000 bar, measured by the authors, have been compared to values calculated with statistical models: Lennard-Jones, Van-der-Waals and hard sphere dense fluids. The values from molecular dynamic modeling of Couette flow, for a Lennard-Jones system, along temperature) are in agreement with the experimental values of shear viscosity of helium and neon.With the hard sphere model the difference between the values calculated from the Kubo relation with the equilibrium molecular-dynamic calculations and experimental values for the noble gases has not the same representation according as the gas is at high or low reduced temperature. For this model some corrections have been calculated.     

High pressure viscosity and density measurements of the binary mixture tridecane + 2,2,4,4,6,8,8-heptamethylnonane

Abstract

The dynamic viscosity η of the binary mixture tridecane + 2,2,4,4,6,8-heptamethyl-nonane has been measured in the temperature range 293.15-353.15K (in progressive 10 K steps) at pressures 0.1,20,40,60,80 and 100 MPa. The system is described by 9 molar fractions (0 to 1 in 0.125 progressive steps). The density ρ has been measured at pressures from 0.1 to 65 MPa in progressive 5 MPa steps. The whole set of experimental data represents 378 points for η and 882 for ρ. The measurements of η allow to determine the excess viscosity η^E and the excess activation energy of viscous flow ΔG^E versus pressure, temperature and composition.     

Thermal conductivity of N2, CH4 and CO2 at room temperature and at pressures up to 35 MPa

The thermal conductivity of gaseous nitrogen, methane and carbon dioxide has been measured at room temperature and at pressures up to 35 MPa in the cases of nitrogen and methane and up to 5 MPa in the case of carbon dioxide. A transient hot-wire technique was used, which has been described previously. The curves of thermal conductivity versus density for all three gases are found not to be expressible as a polynomial expansion, which is probably due to changes in energy-relaxation behavior with pressure. In the case of carbon dioxide, which was studied close to its critical temperature, some vestiges of anomalous behavior associated with the critical point can be seen. Accurate Eucken factors for the three gases are given. In the case of nitrogen, the experimental value is found to be somewhat below recent predictions.     

稠密流体导热系数和粘度计算的新方程

根据热力学面上流体无量纲化剩余迁移性质曲线与对比密度曲线的相似性,通过关联无量纲化剩余导热系数和粘度与对比密度的方程,提出了一个推算卤代烃制冷工质稠密流体迁移性质状态方程。在常压下迁移性质计算的基础上,应用该方程只要已知物质的临界参数、分子量和偏心因子便可以计算稠密流体（气相或液相）的导热系数和粘度。该方法的提出使得迁移性质的计算像平衡性质一样通过状态方程便可以求出。与实验数据比较,本方法计算导热系数的总平均偏差为 4.8％,最大偏差为18.0％;计算粘度的总平均偏差为4.4％,最大偏差为 15.6％。     

Studies on threshold pressures of sonoluminescence for bubbles with different noble gases

Large oscillations of gas and vapor filled bubbles in liquid during acoustic cavitation. This highly nonlinear bubble motion is accompanied by the emission of light-sonoluminescence (SL)[1, 2]. The noble gases inside the bubble can influence the SL[3—5]. At an acoustic pressure, the intensity of SL increases with the molecular mass of noble gas inside the bubbles[6]. There are several kinds of theories about SL mechanism. At present, the bremsstrahlung mechanism is widely admitted. The b…